美国大学区域地理教育的发展与变迁--以亚洲地理教育为例

区域地理是地理学教育与研究的一个重要组成。在当今经济与环境的全球化过程中,对区域地理课程的需求有了明显上升。区域地理教育的重要性也引起了方面的重视。美国大学区域地理教育的发展与变迁主要受两方面的影响：一是地理教育在国民教育中的地位;二是某个区域在国际事务中的重要性以及与美国的关系。在过去３０年中,随着近年来亚洲经济的高速发展和它在国际中的地位日益提高,以及亚洲与美国贸易额的的迅速增长,亚洲地理课在     

Using the Internet to Integrate Thematic and Regional Approaches in Geographic Education

Geographers have long debated the superiority of regional versus thematic approaches to geographical analysis and geographic education. While most acknowledge that these two approaches are complementary, the task of implementing both approaches in a single introductory course remains challenging. “Global Change, Local Places,” an Internet–based course offered at Florida State University, attempts to fuse thematic and regional approaches using methodological and pedagogical techniques that emphasize student–centered learning and Internet technologies. Results of a student survey and analysis of student assignments suggest that this format was successful. Students expressed a high level of satisfaction with course content, and, although attainment of skills and knowledge was particularly hard to measure given the structure and goals of the course, students appear to have gained country–specific knowledge as well as skills in critical analysis using thematic concepts.     

中国的世界地理研究进展与展望

本文总结近年来中国地理学家在世界地理学科领域的研究进展,并分析指出其存在的问题及未来的发展方向。近年来,地缘政治日益成为世界地理学者研究的热点领域,研究成果涉及地缘政治学相关理论,世界热点地区的地缘政治格局变化趋势以及大国与周边地区地缘政治形势对中国的影响等;国际投资和跨国公司地理一直是世界地理学者关注的重点领域,近年来尤其在跨国公司研发全球化问题的研究方面取得了一些重要成果;此外,在世界城市和区域发展的实证研究以及全球资源与环境治理方面也有不少成果。由于种种原因,当前我国世界地理学科的发展尚存在许多问题,一是研究力量薄弱,二是研究水平不高,三是研究经费严重不足。这三方面的问题互为因果,致使世界地理学科的发展处境每况愈下。为此,作者提出振兴世界地理学科的行动计划,包括组织举办“地理学与中国全球战略高层论坛”;加强全球性重大问题的专题研究;加强周边国家以及与我国经济关系密切国家的综合研究等。     

Mindful Learning in Geography: Cultivating Balanced Attitudes Toward Regions

This study examines the potential of mindful learning in geography education. A hypothesis was developed to form the research topic, and three experiments were performed to analyze it. The experiments supported the hypothesis. In other words, mindful learning was found to be helpful for cultivating balanced attitudes toward regions. In conclusion, mindful learning has the potential to be a simple but helpful method of geography education.     

新经济地理学模型的政策含义及其对中国的启示

新经济地理学自1990年诞生至今获得了长足进展,然而对新经济地理学模型的实证研究以及相关的政策分析还很少,已有的研究主要针对特定的经济背景和经济结构。该文探讨一般意义上新经济地理学模型所体现的政策含义,包含政策的区域附带效应、门槛效应、地区滞后效应、非线性效应、选择效应和协作效应。这些效应对我国的一些区域政策给以启示。在“西部大开发”方面,政策介入的地区滞后效应可能会使“西部大开发”战略的实施效果降低;从基础设施建设方面看,地区间交易条件的改善并非单一的效果,交易条件改善对落后地区可能不利;从区域壁垒的角度看,欠发达地区建立的区域壁垒有其理性成分;“预期实现效应”在一定程度上为“地方营销”的实践提供了理论支持;在劳动力流动方面,户籍制度以及相应的制度安排可能产生政策的区域附带效应,从而导致区域差异在一定程度上的强化。最后给出政策含义的未来研究方向。     

Geographic Education and Careers in Geography

Abstract

Disciplinary concern with career options and opportunities has fluctuated over the years. Not surprisingly, geography continues to be incorrectly stereotyped as a field of study offering limited employment prospects. While geographic education has long focused on content, it must also embrace the importance of educating instructors, students, and career counselors concerning how the field opens doors to viable careers. This article presents a program that can be implemented by college and university departments to raise awareness and disseminate information about career opportunities in geography. The program emphasizes an integrated approach that includes partnerships with alumni, campus placement offices, and employers.     

新时期我国区域经济地理学发展问题初探

我国新时期的区域经济地理学在取得全面发展的同时，在理论体系，研究方法和实践领域等方面还需要进一步的发展，文章根据学习和实践区域经济地理学的体会，初步提出基础理论和应用理论，思维方法和技术方法等方面发展见解，并指出区域创新系统和国际经济技术合作等学科应注意拓展的重要实践领域，最后提出我国区域经济地理学科发展的建议。     

中国区域经济地理研究发展历程评述及其现实意义

中国区域经济地理研究历史悠久,是传统地理学初期研究的主要组成部分.该文旨在描述我国区域经济地理研究的发展历程,认识我国区域经济地理研究的优良传统,从而探讨其继承和发展问题.我国的区域经济地理研究经历了起源、描述与分析、区域研究体系建立、新中国成立后区域经济地理学建立与应用4个阶段,前2个阶段逐步深入形成了中华文化范畴内的区域经济地理研究特色,并由此形成了独特的研究基础,后2个阶段继承传统与引进学习并重,在解决区域经济地理问题上发挥了重大作用.评述区域经济地理研究所经历的独特过程,分析其在当今我国经济地理研究中发挥的作用,探讨继承与发展等对现实均具有重大意义.     

人文主义与后现代化主义之兴起及西方新区域地理学之发展

近４０年来,西方人文地理学发生了巨大的变化。５０年代末期开始计量革命。７０年代初开始,人文主义、行为主义、结构主义与后现代化主义等观念涌现,它们对西方地理界起了不同程度的影响。演变至今,人文地理学可说是一个百花齐放的多元化时代。人文主义与后现代化主义在７０年代与８０年代期间,先后出现于西方地理学。二者与上列其他观点有根本不同。在地理学上,它们强调各地情况都有其特性。同时,批判性的社会理论也在地理学     

Applying Geography Course Projects to Issues in City Resilience and Global Connectivity

Globalization would appear to be a subject that easily could be addressed in geography classrooms, yet this is not always the case. In terms of pedagogy, many geographers are concerned whether the field has been adequately engaging various components of this topic (e.g., connectivity, core-periphery), especially in terms of making the subject matter relevant to students. This article presents the results of a recent course project situated at the intersection of city-level resilience to hazards and connectivity with the global economy, utilizing SWOT analysis. The student projects demonstrated that this comparatively simple analytical tool was a useful means for exploring and integrating key topics in globalization and urban-economic geography, while also facilitating a problem-based learning environment.     

Perspectives in Australian Global Education and Geography/Mätauranga Matawhenua

Abstract:  In teaching and learning geography and global education in Australia, understanding a range of perspectives is important because content and practice are inextricably linked. Currently both geography and global education promote a 'perspectives' curricula approach requiring effective implementation of a range of perspectives theories such as positivism, multiculturalism, deep environmentalism, feminism and globalism. This paper outlines the philosophical basis of perspectivism, discusses some of the major perspectives theories and their backgrounds, and describes how they are applied in teaching geography and global education with particular reference to the Australian (principally New South Wales) and New Zealand curricula. It concludes with some comments on the current classroom reality of the 'perspectives' curricula approach.     

Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and Its Application in Geography in Higher Education

Abstract

Kolb's experiential learning theory is one of the best known educational theories in higher education. The theory presents a way of structuring a session or a whole course using a learning cycle. The different stages of the cycle are associated with distinct learning styles. Individuals differ in their preferred learning styles, and recognizing this is the first stage in raising students' awareness of the alternative approaches possible. This article presents some case studies of ways in which the theory can be applied in university geography.     

Geographic Patterns of Air Passenger Transport in China 1980–1998: Imprints of Economic Growth,Regional Inequality,and Network Development*

This research analyzes the geographic patterns of domestic air passenger transport in China from 1980 to 1998, with three foci: (1) impacts of economic reforms, (2) regional inequality in air transport development, and (3) network development. Accessibility to air transport improved significantly as China expanded its air transport system, 1980–1998. The dominance of major airports declined as the air transport system expanded to medium and small cities. The centroid of passenger volume migrated toward southeast, consistent with the expansion of economic growth in southeast coastal areas. The rule of distance decay in air traffic was more applicable to China in 1998 than in 1985 as the market economy worked its way into China's air transport system. The East Region had a much higher share of air passengers than its share of population and GDP, followed by the West and the Middle Regions, reflecting an interesting “flyover” effect. By 1998, a hub‐and‐spoke air transport system was clearly in place in China.