The genesis of the northern Kettle Moraine, Wisconsin

Interpreting past glacial dynamics from the glacial record requires that the depositional environments of glacial sediments and landforms be understood. In the case of interlobate deposits, models that incorporate various components of pro, supra and subglacial deposition have been developed and tested in the northern Kettle Moraine (nKM), Wisconsin; a large interlobate deposit that formed between the Green Bay and Lake Michigan lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation. In this paper, we interpret a new genesis for the nKM using sediment analysis and distribution along with landform distribution. In Sheboygan County, the nKM consists of two steep-sided, high-relief, hummocky ridges separated by a low elevation and low-relief central axis. Gravel in the bounding hummocky ridges is well-sorted and well-rounded. Some bedding is collapsed. Large, isolated moulin kames are restricted to the axis area and composed of relatively poorly sorted, more angular gravel and diamicton. The distribution of these different sediments and landforms are explained by the accumulation of supraglacial debris that insulated the ice below the axis of the nKM, while the melting of cleaner ice on either side formed channels on the ice surface. As deglaciation proceeded, a substantial thickness of well-rounded, stream-deposited sand and gravel accumulated on ice in the bounding channels. Eventual collapse of this sediment formed the two hummocky ridges. Poorly sorted debris along the axis fell and slid into moulins and larger collapse areas in the ice. Thus, differential debris insulation and ice ablation controlled the mainly supraglacial deposition of this part of the nKM.     

The Trade and Industries of Western South America

Abstract

Geography, long the neglected step-child in the field of social studies education, evinces signs of emerging as one of its key integrating elements. Its prominent inclusion and embellishment in both national and state standards and state assessments bodes well for its future. Higher education's role in this endeavor is paramount. The successful understanding, integration, and alignment of geography standards require the fashioning of exceptional university alliances. Inter-departmental mutuality of purpose and effort can, indeed, produce the next generation of caring and competent geography educators.     

The Trade and Industries of Western South America

Abstract

Most discussions of humidity involve a number of scientific terms which are not easily understood and data obtained from instruments which are not readily available. This article demonstrates how a simple graph can be effectively used in explaining the concept, measurement, and use of humidity. The graph is based on information available to most people—temperature and relative humidity. Terms associated with humidity are so common that educators should provide students with the opportunity to understand the terms and their practical applications. The activities suggested here might be successfully used by teachers in the upper elementary grades as well as at higher educational levels.     

The Trade and Industries of Western South America

Abstract

This research was based on an instructional module developed and used to investigate whether GIS can be used to enhance fourth grade students' geographic knowledge and map skills. Another goal was to identify challenges the teachers and the students face using GIS.

Findings from the study suggest that using GIS in the classroom helps students improve their geographic knowledge and maps skills. In addition, this study found that the students' geographic content knowledge tended to improve gradually and the knowledge transferred to the subsequent lessons, while certain map skills tended to develop in a more specific manner.     

20世纪90年代以来广东省的产业集中及机制分析

文章通过对广东省20世纪90年代以来工业和第三产业的地域及行业集散状况进行定量分析,得到以下结论:在此期间,广东省工业及第三产业均向珠江三角洲经济发达城市区集中,而珠三角与粤东、粤西、粤北地区之间的差距不断扩大,工业和第三产业在行业分布上也呈现向少数行业集中的趋势。作者认为,产业基础、市场竞争和集聚效益是广东省90年代以来产业集中的主要形成机制,并提出一方面应鼓励竞争能力强、科技含量高的产业向珠江三角洲优势区集中,同时引导部分区位弹性较大、处于产业链低端的产业向粤北、粤西等边缘区适度转移分散,缓解中心区与边缘区之间产业发展的不平衡局势。