Book Reviews

Abstract

Educational Foundations of Trade and Industry.—Fabian Ware. 7 × 4 1/2, in. New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1901. Pp. xiv + 300. Price, $1.20.

Observations and Exercises on the Weather.—Laboratory Work in Physical Geography and Meteorology by James A. Price, A.M., Instructor in Physiography in the Fort Wayne High School, Indiana. 10 × 8 in. New York, American Book Co., 1902. Pp. 60. Price, 30 cents.

Harriman Alaska Expedition.—Two volumes. 10 × 7 in. New York. Doubledar, Page & Co., 1901. Pp. xlii + 184-200; 15 landscapes in color lithography, 25 color lithographs of birds, mammals and flowers, 85 photogravures, all full-page; 240 pen drawings in the text, and 5 maps. Text by John Burroughs and eleven others. Price, $15.

A Laboratory Manual of Botany.—Outlines and Directions for Laboratory and Field Work in Botany in Secondary Schools. Otis W. Caldwell, Ph.D., Professor of Botany in the Eastern Illinois State Normal School. 7 × 5 in. New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1902.

Grammar School Geography.—Alexis Everett Frye, recently Superintendent of Schools of Cuba. Large quarto, cloth. Boston, Ginn & Company, 1902. Pp. viii + 195 and 8. List price, $1.25.     

BrdU标记法探讨糖尿病大鼠H2S与细胞外基质积聚的关系

目的 探讨硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H₂S）与糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）大鼠肾细胞外基质过度积聚的关系。方法 21只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组（对照组）、糖尿病肾病组（DN组）、硫化氢干预组（DN+H₂S组）。链脲佐菌素（STZ）法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,DN+H₂S组给予NaHS治疗8周,其他组给予同等剂量的0.9%生理盐水治疗。观察3组大鼠肾脏病理改变、BrdU阳性细胞和α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）分布差异。结果 与对照组比较,DN组大鼠尿蛋白量、相对肾重均明显增多,病理呈典型的DN改变,BrdU阳性细胞比值、肾小球α-SMA表达和分布显著增多（P<0.01）;应用NaHS治疗后,大鼠肾脏DN改变明显减轻（P<0.01）,BrdU阳性细胞比值、肾小球α-SMA表达和分布与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 H₂S可以抑制DN大鼠肌性成纤维细胞增殖,减少α-SMA表达和分布,减缓DN大鼠的肾小球细胞外基质积聚。     

儿童贵重药片规格合理性研究

目的 研究儿童贵重药片常用剂量,为药片最适包装规格提供参考。方法 根据2013年1月~2016年9月间儿童医院住院患者常用的几种贵重药片各剂量使用情况进行分析,分析现有规格使用率及最高使用率药品剂量,以确定需要生产的儿童药片剂量规格。结果 儿童医院常用的单价 >10元的片剂药品共5种,其中希舒美片剂因有儿童专用的干混悬剂剂型,不列入研究范围。其余4种药品单片价格均 >50元,且斯沃片和威凡片单片价格 >300元。莱立康片和威凡片现有规格剂量可以满足儿科临床需求,而斯沃片和全可利片整理使用率均 <10%,不能满足儿科临床实际需求。需要增加100mg规格的斯沃片和7.8mg规格的全可利片。结论 现有的儿童用贵重片剂不能完全满足儿科临床需求,需要进行适当的剂量调整。     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Elementary Physical Geography.—William Morris Davis. Boston, Ginn and Company, 1902. Pp. xviii + 401, with 19 plates and 190 figures. $1.25.

The Desert.—John C. Van Dyke. 7×5 in. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. 1901. Pp. 233, full page photogravure frontispiece. Price, $1.25 net.     

The Utilization of Wastes and By-Products

Abstract

Commercial Geography. By Jacques W. Redway. Size, 6 × 3 8/4 inches. Pp. viii and 406. Chas. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1903.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Carpenter's Geographical Reader: Europe.—Frank G. Carpenter. 7 1/4 × 4 3/4. New York, American Book Company, 1902. Pp. 456; numerous illustrations and twelve maps. Price, 70 cents.

Argonaut Letters.—Jerome Hart. Payot, Upham & Go. 1901.

Pyrenees, Through the High.-Harold Spencer and H. Llewellyn Smith. A. D. Innes & Go., London, 1898.

Tibetans in Tent and Temple, with the.-Susie Carson Rijnhart, M.D. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1901.     

中国西北水资源利用及生态环境安全

1 Introduction In the 21st century, water resources will become the international and strategic resource instead of petroleum (Kang et al., 1994a, b). At present, the freshwater resources crisis all over the world has made people aware that although water…     

Modeling the morphology of gully cross sections in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley

Abstract

Characterizing gully cross sections (GCs) is essential for calculating the volume and erosion rate of the gully. However, little research has focused on modeling the morphology of GCs. This study investigated 456 GCs with a laser distance meter located at the mouth, middle, and head of 152 gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley of China; mapped them with AutoCAD software; fitted them with 2nd–6th degree polynomial functions, and discussed the correlation between the coefficients and the morphology of GCs. The results showed that: (1) using a 2nd-degree polynomial function (y = ax² + bx + c) to describe the morphology of GCs produced a better result than other polynomial functions; (2) the coefficient a of 2nd-degree polynomial function was correlated with depth (r = ?0.226, p < 0.01), gradient (r = 0.545, p < 0.01), and activities; and (3) the symmetry axis (?b/2a) of 2nd-degree polynomial function increased with gully change from left-deflection to right-skewed, and the absolute value showed the asymmetrical degree (r = 0.216, p < 0.01). This study will not only help to understand the morphology and evolution of gullies, but will also provide a scientific basis for prevention of gully erosion.     

An Approach To The Editing Of Massive Computerized Data Sources

Based on interviews with corporate executives, this paper examines several decisions to locate pulp and paper mills in British Columbia during the 1960's and early 1970's. It emphasizes locational evaluations of regions, communities, and sites interpreted as parts of wider investment decision processes and longer-run corporate strategies. Relationships between initial locational decisions and post-locational assessments and adjustments are also identified.     

Books in Brief

Abstract

Edgar T. Thompson and Everett C. Hughes, Editors. RACE—INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1958. Also London: Collier-Macmillan, Ltd., 619 pages, bibliography, index of contributors. $7.50

THE WORLD BOOK ENCYCLOPEDIA. Fiftieth Anniversary Edition. Chicago, III.: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1966. 20 volumes.

John C. Bollens and Henry J. Schmandt. THE METROPOLIS: ITS PEOPLE, POLITICS, AND ECONOMIC LIFE. New York: Harper and Row, Inc., 1965. xvi + 643 pages, with table of contents, maps, bibliography and indexes. $7.50.

Kirtley F. Mather. THE EARTH BENEATH US. New York: Random House, 1964. 320 large pages (8 1/2 × 11 inches), 240 photographic illustrations (116 in color), index. ($12.95) $15.00.

J. R. V. Prescott. THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRONTIERS AND BOUNDARIES. New York: Hillary House Publishers, Ltd., 1965. 190 pages. $3.00.

Virginia M. Rowley. J. RUSSELL SMITH, GEOGRAPHER, EDUCATOR, CONSERVATIONIST. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1964. 247 pages. $6.00.     

Reviews

Abstract

An Elementary Commercial Geography. By Cyrus C. Adam. Size, 7 1/2 × 5 inches. Pp. xii, 351. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1903.

Geographen-Kalender. By Dr. Hermann Haack. In collaboration with Dr. Wilhelm Blankenburg, Professor Paul Langhans, Professor Paul Lehmann, and Hugo Wichmann. First year, 1903-1904. Size, 4 × 6. Pp. xv. and 320 and 124 and 64 and 15 maps Price, 3 marks. Gotha: Justus Perthes. 1903.     

The Delta of the Mississippi

Abstract

The fallacy of assuming that one can improve the status of geography by calling it a science is a subset of a larger sophistry of categorization. Some people, for example, seem to think that it is useful to categorize a society as 'rural' or 'commercial' or 'peasant' or 'capitalist,' as if thereupon and forevermore thereafter one could confidently assume that it had automatically acquired all the traits and attributes that have ever been ascribed to all other societies that have been so categorized. Putting something in a pigeonhole does not alter its character, and it would be far better to try to understand the actual character of something than to assume that one knows anything at all about it merely because one has attached a name to it     

Reviews

Abstract

North American Exploration: A Continent Defined, Volume 2, John Logan Allen, editor, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 1997. 480 pp. Illustrations, maps. ISBN 080321023x. $75.00 (Cloth).

North American Exploration: A Continent Defined, Volume 3, John Logan Allen, editor, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 1997. 656 pp. Illustrations, maps. ISBN 0803210434. $75.00 (Cloth).

Space, Gender, and Knowledge, Linda McDowell and Joanne P. Sharp, editors, New York, NY John Wiley & Sons. 1997. 468 pp. ISBN 0470236698. $34.95 (paper).

The Japanese City, P.P. Karan and Kristin Stapleton, editors, Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. 1997. 264 pp. ISBN 0813120357. $31.95 (cloth).

Education, Environment and Economy: Reporting Research in a New Academic Grouping, Frances Slater, David Lambert, and David Lines, editors, London, England: Institute of Education, University of London. 1997. 210 pp. Figures., ISBN 0854734996. £11.99 (paper).

The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation, James L. Newman New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1997., 252 pp. Maps., ISBN 0300072805. $15.00 (paper).     

Reviews

Abstract

Handbook of Climatology. Part I. General Climatology. By Dr. Julius Hann. Translated with the Author's permission from the second revised and enlarged German edition, with additional references and notes, by Robert De Courcey Ward. Size, 9 × 51/2. Pp. xvi and 437. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1903. Price $3.00.

How We Are Fed. A Geographical Reader. By James Franklin Chamberlain Size, 41/2 × 6. Pp. xii and 214. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1903. Price 40c. Professor Chaniberlain's How We Are Fed covers a field which has hitherto     

The development of an interactive multi-scale GIS

Abstract

This paper presents the development of the first geographical information system (GIS) that may be used to manipulate a single dataset at a very large range of scales (different detail levels). The design of this multi-scale GIS is fully integrated in the open DBMS Postgres and the open GIS GEO + + . Besides the system design, this paper will also give details of the implementation in the Postgres DBMS environment of three generalization tools: 1. the BLG-tree for line and area simplification, 2. the Reactive-tree for selection based on importance and location, and 3. the GAP-tree for solving problems when using the other two structures for an area partitioning. Together with the geographical frontend, the DBMS forms the flexible basis for the realization of powerful GIS applications. The implementation has been successfully benchmarked with two large datasets: World Databank II and DLMS DFAD. The response times improve by one to two orders of magnitude.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Longmans' New School Atlas.-George C. Chisholm and C. H. Leete. New Edition. Longmans, Green & Co., 1901. PIS. 40. Index.

The World Almanac and Encyclopedia.-The New York World. 20 × 14 cm. New York, 1902. Pp. 540. Paper, 25 cents. Cloth, 50 cents.

The: Illinois Glacial Lobe.-Frank Leverett. Being the thirty-eighth Monograph of the U. S. Geological Survey: 20×23 cm. Washington, the Government Printing Office, 1899 (1901). Pp. xxi, 817. Price $1.60.     

Book Notices

Abstract

The Story Of Cotton And The Development Of The Cotton States:—By Eugene Brooks, Pp. 370; Rand, Mcnally & Co., Chicago And New York, 1911.

Highroads Of Geography, Volumes 1 And 2. Thomas Nelson And Sons, New York And London.

Productive Farming By Kary Cadmus Davis, Ph. D. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. 7/12 × 345 Pp.     

The evolution of the transboundary Evros river delta (Northeast Aegean Sea) under human intervention: a seven-decade analysis

ABSTRACT

The Evros deltaic plain (North Aegean Sea, Greece) covers an area of 188 km² and is shared by Greece and Turkey by its current main channel. This paper investigates deltaic plain evolution during the last seven decades (1945–2017), taking into consideration human interventions and their impacts on deltaic processes. Outcomes indicate that the construction of more than 25 major dams in the Evros River catchment resulted in >80% reduction in fluvial suspended load. Moreover, the alignment and relocation of the main distributary channel to the southeast was accompanied by the transformation of >40% of the deltaic plain to agricultural land. The combination of human interventions supports the coastline advance of the active main mouth (current rate of 3.9 *10^?3 km²/yr), retreat of the old (abandoned) Evros mouth (current rate 7.7 *10^?3 km²/yr), and signs of remarkable vulnerability in the middle mouth area.     

Measuring erosion rates on exposed limestone residuum using erosion pins: a 10-year record

Abstract

Erosion rates in residual limestone soils in a humid climate were measured for 10 years at one site, and for 4 years at another site, using erosion pins. Erosion pins were placed in gully floors and on convex divides between adjacent gullies, on abandoned land where vegetation had been removed. We measured an average erosion rate of 20 mm yr^?1 over 10 years at one site and only 5 mm yr^?1 over 4 years at another site where chert gravel was common on the surface. The 10-year average erosion rate of divides (26 mm yr^?1) was significantly greater than the average erosion rate of gullies (14 mm yr^?1), suggesting control by different processes, some of which may be seasonal. In winter, it was observed that frost action produced a thin layer of loose soil on the surface of divides. In summer, a hardpan developed on divides, as the soil loosened by winter frosts was transported to gullies, likely by rainsplash or dry ravel. The diffusive processes of frost action, rainsplash, and dry ravel appear to shape the convex divides in this study. Down-cutting of gullies requires channelized flow produced by intense rainfall, which is more common in summer for this location.     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.