DESERTIFICATION IN CHINA: STATUS, TRENDS, AND STRATEGIES

boncati0uofDcsendcahoninchhaboenificationisoneofthem0stseriotisenvirorunedlissuesoneafth.TheInteInaonalConedontoC0mbatbeeftifiCationswtinforberl994addressed[4]thadeSenificationislandhardation,resultingfromvariousfaders,indudingdiInaticvariationsandhuInana…     

Land-use planning in China:Past,present, and future

Under the framework of ecological civilisation, the formulation of territorial spatial planning(TSP) and improvement of spatial governance systems are of great practical significance. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, land-use planning(LUP) has experienced profound changes, and tremendous research efforts have been made in that field. However, systematic studies on LUP history are scarce.To bridge the existing gap, this study traced back to the emergence of LUP, described its...     

Fear,crime, and space: The case of Viçosa,Brazil

Crime is both a factual and perceptual component of the urban landscape, seemingly both a societal pathology and the consequence of economic disparity between social groups. Crime has a spatial structure that can be revealed by mapping. Urban crime has a spatial multiplier effect that changes the values and perceptions of how people see urban space, and which jeopardizes the quality of life of a city's inhabitants. In this research we examine the question of whether the geography of actual criminal acts is echoed by peoples' perceptions of crime, what might be termed their “spaces of fear”. We ask how the fear of crime is associated with reported urban crime. Urban crime incidents have been increasing in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We assembled crime information about Viçosa from two sources: first, crime as reported to the police and second, crime as perceived by city residents and measured by surveys and interviews. Reported criminal acts reveal a clustered geography, focusing particularly on the Downtown area, where there is a concentration of urban wealth and potential victims are more numerous. Offenses against property were focused on Downtown, while offenses against the person were located mostly in peripheral areas. The widespread feeling of insecurity in the city's neighborhoods, reflecting the fear of becoming a victim of violence and crime, was common throughout the city. Results confirmed the conclusion of past studies showing that the fear of violence and crime are not directly related to increasing numbers of criminal reports. Sites with higher incidence of crimes are not places with higher levels of fear. Rather than being geographically explainable “spaces of fear”, the spatial distribution of the fear of violence and crime appears to be unrelated in Viçosa, and neither is clustered or dispersed in any measurable way.     

Contaminated aquatic sediments: Historical records,environmental impact,and remediation,Milwaukee, USA,June 14–16, 1993

Conference AnnouncementsSpecialized Conference

Contaminated aquatic sediments: Historical records, environmental impact, and remediation, Milwaukee, USA, June 14–16, 1993     

Maps,Numbers, Text,and Context: Mixing Methods in Feminist Political Ecology∗

This research tests the spatial mismatch hypothesis by comparing the employment probabilities of central city versus suburban African American males in nine metropolitan areas. Treatment effects models are used to control for the effects of both individual characteristics and residential self-selection on the probability of employment. A positive effect of suburban residential location on employment is found for the residents of Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, and Washington, while no effect is found for the residents of Cleveland, Houston. Jackson, Memphis, and Newark. The general conclusion to be drawn is that the spatial mismatch effect is contingent on the particular characteristics of each metropolitan area. Preliminary analysis shows that metropolitan areas with a spatial mismatch effect are large in terms of total population and total land area, and have less efficient transportation systems.     

通达性:概念,度量及应用

在西方,通达性被广泛用于解释社会现象的空间变化。该文从通达性的概念、度量方式及其主要应用领域三个角度来介绍西方在通达性这一研究领域的进展。     

Interdisciplinary,Cross-Cultural Research: Double Trouble∗

U.S. housing policy strengthens the local specificity of capital through support for homeownership and the mortgage lending industry. As access to capital and homeownership rates have grown, predatory lending has emerged as a significant danger to homeowners and their surrounding communities. The geographic distribution is not well understood, likely due to the unavailability of mortgage data to identify instances of predatory lending. This article examines the spatial distribution of predatory lending in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, using public mortgage and property data. Predatory lending is spatially clustered within the city, suggesting a spatial component of abusive lending patterns not previously addressed. U.S. housing policy and intervention strategies designed to prevent and reduce the incidence of predatory lending should address the spatial aspects of predatory lending to target efforts and prevent weakening local connections between capital and communities.     

Business Services,Productivity, and Wages: Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Michigan Counties, 1977–1997

This article investigates the growth of business services (SIC73) in Michigan and models the relationship between the industry and local economic conditions in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. The research makes four conclusions. First, SIC73 measures explain variance in manufacturing productivity. Second, SIC73 indicators explain variation in manufacturing and overall wages. Third, these relationships vary between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. Despite growth in rural regions, SIC73 indicators more effectively predict wages and productivity in metropolitan counties. Hence, the localized benefits associated with SIC73 industries are more strongly associated with metropolitan economies. Fourth, the interdependencies that have developed between SIC73 industries and the manufacturing sector decrease over time in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan contexts. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.     

Human-Environment Patterns of Metropolitan Spatial Restructuring:Atlanta,Georgia and Shanghai,PRC,1950-2000

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｄｅｌｓｏｆｍｅｔｒｏｐｏｌｉｔａｎｓｐａｔｉａｌｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｌａｒｇｅｌｙｄｅｒｉｖｅｆｒｏｍｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓｕｎｄｅｒａｍａｒｋｅｔｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ .Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｗｏｒｌｄ ｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｉｎｍｏｒｅ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ＿ｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｄｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｒｅｍａｉｎｕｎｄｅｒ＿ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄ.Ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒｃｏｍｐａｒｅｓｔｈｅｕｒｂａｎｓｐａｔｉａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｅｘｐｌｏｓｉｖｅｍ…     

Think regionally,act locally?: gardening,cycling, and the horizon of urban spatial politics

In the contemporary American urban renaissance, formerly fringe efforts to produce place, conducted by longtime residents and “urban pioneers” alike, now shape mainstream urbanism. Gardening and bicycling are constitutive of contemporary excitement about the city, representing the reinvigoration of the urban neighborhood following the depredations of suburbanization. This paper draws on research in California cities to offer a sympathetic critique of these leading edges of progressive urbanism, arguing that advocates’ overwhelming focus on the local creates a scalar mismatch between the horizon of political action and the problems they hope to address. Even as supporters of gardening and cycling understand themselves as implicitly allied with struggles for the right to the city, their work to produce local space is often blind to, and even complicit in, racialized dynamics of accumulation and exclusion that organize metropolises. The result is a progressive urbanism largely disconnected from broader left struggles for spatial justice.     

A Review of “Economic Geography: Places,Networks, and Flows”

Landing a rescue helicopter in a wilderness environment, such as Yosemite National Park, requires suitable areas that are flat, devoid of tree canopy, and not within close proximity to other hazards. The objective of this study was to identify helicopter landing areas that are most likely to exist based on available geographic data using two GIScience methods. The first approach produced an expert model that was derived from predefined feature constraints based on existing knowledge of helicopter landing area requirements (weighted overlay algorithm). The second model is derived using a machine learning technique (maximum entropy algorithm, Maxent) that derives feature constraints from existing presence-only points; that is, geographic one-class data. Both models yielded similar output and successfully classified test coordinates, but Maxent was more efficient and required no user-defined weighting that is typically subject to human bias or disagreement. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed and the comparison reveals important considerations for a variety of future land suitability studies, including ecological niche modeling. The conclusion is that the two approaches complement each other. Overall, we produced an effective geographic information system product to support the identification of suitable landing areas in emergent rescue situations. To our knowledge, this is the first GIScience study focused on estimating the location of landing zones for a search-and-rescue application.     

Emerging Asias: Transnational Forces,Developmental States,and “Asian Values”

Discussions of East Asian developmental states and Asian values discourse have been deformed by national-territorial frameworks that limit scholars' ability to highlight transnational phenomena. Such limits can be overcome by adopting a “Pacificist” perspective, one that highlights the transnational collaborative efforts of Pacific ruling class members, from both Asia and the United States. Such a Pacificist approach has the virtue of highlighting phenomena of transnational class formation that help account for the emergence of both developmental states in East Asia and Asian values discourse, and it also suggested the importance of attending to other kinds of emerging actors in Asian development politics, such as labor and democracy movements.     

普者黑:田园喀斯特,荷韵彝水乡

普者黑喀斯特国家湿地公园位于我国云南省文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县境内,是国家AAAAA级旅游景区、国家级风景名胜区。2021年7月中旬,笔者跟随学校代表队参加文山公益支教助研活动暨现场地理研学比赛,在普者黑景区进行了野外考察和参观,被当地壮丽开阔的自然美景所深深吸引。     

Comments On Mather,Field, Kalkstein,And Willmott'S “Climatology: The Challenge For The Eighties”

Abstract

Measuring land-cover change is an essential part of sustainable conservation planning. This project uses Landsat MSS and ETM+ data to document forest cover change in the Toledo District, Belize, from 1975 to 1999 and provides an initial assessment of why these changes took place. Supervised and subpixel classification methods were employed. The results showed an aggregate forest loss of almost 10 percent, which is approximately 36,000 ha. Deforestation expanded significantly in the most populous Mayan areas of central Toledo District and along the Guatemalan border. Subpixel classification results showed that in 1999 the most densely forested areas were in northern Toledo District in the Maya Mountains.