利用多级模糊评判综合预报地震强度

文中把多级模糊评判数学模型应用到地震综合预报工作中,选取地震活动性和定点前兆共14个因子作为因素集合,把地震强度分为四个范围作为评语集合,以华北8次5级以上地震资料为基础,根据各个因素和地震强度的统计经验和前兆异常的形成过程建立综合评判矩阵和综合预报地震强度的评判模型,用20个样本检验的结果为:内符合检验报准的概率为87.5％,外推检验报准的概率为81.9％。通过可靠性分析得到用该方法预报地震强度的信度。本文的方法在1989年10月19日大同6.1级地震的预报过程中见到了实效。结果证明多级模糊评判方法在综合预报中具有定量化和实用化的意义。     

大中城市震后趋势快速判定软件系统的编制

大中城市震后趋势快速软件系统是用于某一显著的地震发生后，输入该地震发生后一段时间的地震序列，用以判定未来某一时段内后续地震的震级范围，系统包括了5大功能模块，数据格式转换模块，样本矩阵和待判短阵建立模块，分类矩阵建立模块，模糊软聚类模块和屏幕／打印机输出模块。     

祁连山地震带两次中强地震前的加卸载响应比异常

研究了祁连山地震带两次中强地震前的加卸载响应比异常特征，讨论了基于天然地震序列的样本条件对加卸载响应比计算结果的影响，提出处理序列中4．0级以上地震的新方法。     

查表法设计地震活动模糊预测预警系统

模糊数学方法在地震学研究,特别是在地震预测工作中起到过重要的作用。近年发展起来的模糊查表法是模糊数学中新出现的一种新的模糊系统有效方法,在智能控制、机器学习、序列建模、综合预测中获得了广泛的应用,取得了显著效果。基于此,把该方法引入地震活动趋势预测和预警研究工作中:首先介绍了模糊查表法的方法与原理,然后基于该方法和由最大震级序列形成的多维样本建立了华北地区及主要地震活动带最大震级时间序列的趋势预测和预警模型,并对获得的模型进行了内符检验,最后对建模方法和计算结果进行了详细讨论。综合分析认为,该方法原理简单直观,计算结果稳健,建模与预测精度较高,外推泛化能力较强,可以作为地震趋势预测和预警的一种有效方法。     

加卸载响应比在震群研究中的应用

在震群特性研究中引入加卸载响应比理论,选以新疆８２个震群为研究样本,以加卸载响应比≥２．０作为判定前兆震群的指标,对样本的震群特性进行了分析判定。结果表明,判定前兆震群的２６个震群中有２０个对应了其后一年内发生的５级以上地震,异常报率为７６．９％。     

塘沽18井多种地下流体前兆异常的综合识别与分析

分别使用模糊识别法、统计识别法及速率识别法对塘沽１８号井天然气逸出量、溢油量和水位三项肖净观测数据进行综合分析处理，识别出震中距５００Ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ≥４．５级地震前的中短期前兆异常，并对异常特征进行了综合分析，得出了相应的经验关系式。据对已发生的地震样本进行统计检验的结果，中期或短期映震率可达８０％以上。结果表明，利用单井多项前兆对比观测可提高地震综合预报的能力，并为前兆机理及地震孕育过程的研究提     

地震序列较强余震灰色及最小二乘拟合预测方法的应用研究

在收集、整理1966年～2002年8月我国(主要为大陆地区)183个5级以上地震序列资料的基础上，应用灰色预测和最小二乘拟合预测方法，对每一地震序列较强(显著)余震发震时间进行“硬性”检验预测。结果表明，2种预测方法对7级以上地震序列和6级地震序列的较强(显著)余震具有较好的预测效能，预测效能分别为76．2％和64．7％；而对5级地震序列预测效果则不甚明显。因此，灰色预测和最小二乘拟合预测方法主要着眼于对大(强)地震的较强(显著)余震预测，可望在地震现场大(强)震应急工作中发挥积极作用。     

福建地区地倾斜中短期前兆异常识别及映震效果初探

对福建地区10年来的倾斜资料，统一用调和分析、差分分析、卡尔曼滤波和最大相关系数方法进行系统处理，提取异常信息，统计分析它们与该地区MS5级以上地震的关系，并对这几种方法进行评价。结果是：地倾斜固体潮M2波γ因子异常与地震的对应率为46％(P=54％)，差分分析方法识别的异常与地震对应率为23％(P=42％)，卡尔曼滤波方法识别的异常与地震的对应率为30％(P=34％)，最大相关系数分析方法识别的异常与地震对应率为19％(P=37％)。     

TIP中期地震预报方法CN算法在河南省及邻区的检验与应用

应用ＴＩＰ中期地震预报方法中的ＣＮ算法，对河南省及其邻区发生的中等地震进行了性检验。结果表明内符效果较好，被检验的中等地震中有８０％地震前出现了ＴＩＰ，ＴＩＰ警戒时段占研究时间的２３．３％，综合计算报准率Ｒ值为０．５９。说明该算法对中等地震原中期预报具有实用意义。     

六级以上强震后半年内有无五级以上地震的模糊聚类分析

根据３６个初选问题的Ｗａｌｌｅｎ评分，精选出１０项能突出表现地震序列的特征参数作为指标，采用ＦＣＭ模糊聚类方法对地震序列进行分类，在分类过程中，将地震序列分为两类：Ｉ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内还有震级为Ｍ≥５．０的强震发生；Ⅱ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内无Ｍ≥５．０地震。以中国大陆地区１９９６年以来的２６次Ｍ≥６．０强震序列建立震后判别模型，然后以近期发生的８次强震序列进行了外推检验。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.