1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量方法在安图金星金矿床中的应用及效果

通过1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量方法在安图县金星金矿勘查区的实施,发现了一批具有找矿意义的土壤地球化学金异常。根据元素地球化学特征和土壤地球化学特征分析,结合地质成矿条件,确定有望找矿区段,并进行了槽探工程揭露,发现了金(银)矿化体,取得了较好的找矿效果。实践证明1/万不规则测网土壤地球化学测量找矿方法在本区是行之有效的。     

Prediction of Compressional, Shear, and Stoneley Wave Velocities from Conventional Well Log Data Using a Committee Machine with Intelligent Systems

Measurement of compressional, shear, and Stoneley wave velocities, carried out by dipole sonic imager (DSI) logs, provides invaluable data in geophysical interpretation, geomechanical studies and hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. The presented study proposes an improved methodology for making a quantitative formulation between conventional well logs and sonic wave velocities. First, sonic wave velocities were predicted from conventional well logs using artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, and neuro-fuzzy algorithms. Subsequently, a committee machine with intelligent systems was constructed by virtue of hybrid genetic algorithm-pattern search technique while outputs of artificial neural network, fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy models were used as inputs of the committee machine. It is capable of improving the accuracy of final prediction through integrating the outputs of aforementioned intelligent systems. The hybrid genetic algorithm-pattern search tool, embodied in the structure of committee machine, assigns a weight factor to each individual intelligent system, indicating its involvement in overall prediction of DSI parameters. This methodology was implemented in Asmari formation, which is the major carbonate reservoir rock of Iranian oil field. A group of 1,640 data points was used to construct the intelligent model, and a group of 800 data points was employed to assess the reliability of the proposed model. The results showed that the committee machine with intelligent systems performed more effectively compared with individual intelligent systems performing alone.     

基于改进遗传算法一神经网络的玄武岩构造环境判别及对比实验

通过岩浆岩的地球化学特征判别岩浆形成的大地构造环境和岩浆源区的化学性质是地球化学全岩分析最重要的应用之一。该方法利用全岩地球化学数据,包括主量元素、微量元素和同位素组成数据,对给定岩浆岩(玄武岩、花岗岩等)的大地构造环境进行判别。作为人工智能技术在地球化学研究领域中的新尝试,机器学习判别方法逐渐成为经典判别图解法的补充研究手段。然而,高维数据特征筛选和繁多未知参数确定是影响算法分类准确性的两个主要因素。为此,提出一种遗传算法优化神经网络耦合判别方法(GA-NNDM)。该方法利用特征选择、参数确定和分类性能之间的反馈联系,将分类准确率、所选特征数量和特征代价作为适应度函数,通过迭代演化寻求最佳特征子集和未知参数,从而达到减少特征、优化参数和提高性能的目的。此外,根据公开玄武岩样品地球化学数据,通过K折交叉验证等方法设置纵向、横向比较实验来验证GA-NNDM在玄武岩构造环境判别方面的准确性、稳定性和外延性。仿真实验结果表明,GA-NNDM具有优良的判别效果和泛化能力,其总体分类准确率能达到90%。因此,GA-NNDM值得在地球化学领域做进一步推广应用。     

“三江”地区北段区域地球化学元素组合异常提取及其找矿意义

由于地球化学元素携带了某种矿化信息,因此元素地球化学异常往往是指示矿床存在的一种直接标志。随着勘查地球化学的深入发展,有关矿致地球化学异常圈定方法已成为人们关注的焦点。利用"三江"北段1∶20万地球化学数据,运用R型因子分析,查明该区不同矿化类型的指示元素组合,以因子得分为综合指标,采用泛克里格剩余值圈定地球化学异常。结果得到2种元素组合:Ag-Zn-Pb-Sb-Bi组合(与热液型铅锌银矿床有关)和Mo-Cu组合(与斑岩型钼矿床有关)。圈定的组合异常与已知的矿床点在空间上具有很好的对应关系,说明利用R型因子分析与泛克里格法相结合圈定元素组合异常的方法能够较好地确认地球化学元素组合异常,并提示异常与矿化类型之间密切相关的规律性,为"三江"北段地区找矿提供信息。     

西藏驱龙铜矿区及其外围找矿前景地球化学评价

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿床的发现是近年我国地勘行业找铜工作的重大突破之一。在发现找矿线索、确定成矿类型和评价找矿前景的过程中,勘查地球化学起了举足轻重的作用。1∶20万区域化探异常圈定了Cu-Mo矿化的范围,异常追踪查证工作确定了Cu-Mo矿化类型和找矿的有利地段。通过测区系统的地球化学勘查工作,结合地质构造资料,认为驱龙地区存在典型的斑岩铜矿床地球化学异常模式,矿化体剥蚀程度很浅,是找寻以斑岩型Cu-Mo矿化为主的超大型铜钼矿床的良好远景区。     

勘查地球化学数据挖掘与弱异常识别

我国积累的大量高质量、多元素、多尺度的地球化学数据,为矿产勘查与环境评价提供了有效的数据支撑。如何对这些数据进行二次开发和再利用,提取有价值的地球化学异常信息并带动找矿突破,是缓解当前矿产资源短缺的重要途径之一。在覆盖区和深部的找矿实践中,由于矿体埋深和覆盖层的影响,往往在表生介质中形成弱小的地球化学异常,识别和评价弱小地球化学异常是当前勘查地球化学数据处理的重要方向之一。本文围绕地球化学异常信息的提取和评价,主要从以下几个方面讨论了相关的国内外研究进展和发展趋势:勘查地球化学数据处理与异常识别方法和模型,勘查地球化学数据闭合效应的影响及其解决方案,基于大数据和机器学习的勘查地球化学数据处理以及弱小地球化学异常的识别和评价。研究发现,在地质环境的约束下,基于大数据思维和机器学习相结合的方法,注重地球化学空间分布模式与已发现矿床的相关关系,同时使用所有地球化学变量能有效刻画具有非线性特征的地球化学空间分布模式,可识别出传统方法无法识别的异常,为开展地球化学空间模式识别与异常提取提供了新的途径。     

基于RCGA的PPC模型在化探异常识别与提取中的应用

为了进行地球化学异常的识别与提取,针对化探数据的特点,本文提出了一种将高维降维技术——投影寻踪分类(PPC)模型与实数编码遗传算法(RCGA)相结合的计算方法,分析了运用RCGA-PPC模型进行化探异常识别与提取的关键技术问题,并在MATLAB环境下开发了该方法的软件应用模块。以云南个旧地区水系沉积物地球化学数据为例,选取区域内Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cd等主要成矿元素及与成矿关系密切的9种元素作为计算变量,利用RCGA-PPC模型对其进行处理和异常识别。研究表明:RCGAPPC模型中最佳投影值较高的地区与该区域实际矿床(点)吻合情况较好。该模型对化探异常的识别能力较强,是一种有效的化探多元素综合异常识别与提取方法。     

Models of Spatial Structures of Regional Multi-element Geochemical Anomalies over Copper-Polymetallic Orefields

Regional stream sediment surveys at a 1:200,000 scale reveal positive and negative regional multi-element geochemical anomalies over medium to large copper-polymetallic orefields of different genetic types in China. Regional geochemical anomalies of orefield refer to those geochemical anomalies that are related to metallogenesis of an orefield in a certain area. The anomaly area is typically 10 to 100 km2. The regional multi-element anomalies related to mineralization can be divided into three groups, that is, the ore-element anomaly association, indicator element anomaly association, and metallogenic environmental element anomaly association. Their common spatial distributions over ore deposits or orefields possess unique structures.The model of spatial structure of regional multi-element geochemical anomalies (RAGSS) of an orefield delineates structural feature possessed by orderly spatial distributions of different groups of multi-element anomaly associations related to orefield metallogenesis. It is     

人工神经网络方法与鲁西金伯利岩物化探异常筛选

摘 要　 分析对比了传统模式识别方法 （贝叶斯‚费舍尔方法） 与人工神经网络方法的应用 效果‚根据已有的地球物理资料‚结合金刚石原生矿的成因模式‚从金伯利岩产出的地质环 境、指示矿物、地球物理和地球化学异常等方面提取了20种用于识别金伯利岩物化探异常的 特征‚运用人工神经网络方法对鲁西地区1∙2×10 4 km 2 的物化探异常进行识别和筛选‚从中 选出了10个一二类远景异常点供查证。     

基于SAMCF法的攀西地区水系沉积物铂族元素异常提取

攀西地区是我国重要的铂族元素地球化学省,具良好的铂族元素(PGE)成矿地质条件;攀枝花-西昌一带有一个与峨眉山玄武岩分布范围基本吻合的Pt、Pd区域地球化学异常。本文根据不同地层单元水系沉积物中Pt、Pd元素地球化学特征,用子区中位数衬值滤波(SAMCF)法提取铂族元素异常,圈出多处Pt、Pd衬值异常区。结合有关铂族元素矿床地球化学特征,通过水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,初步优选出8个铂族元素异常找矿远景区和19个Ⅱ类异常区,为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿提供依据。     

川西斑岩型铜矿找矿中地球化学异常的筛选与查证

川西乡城-稻城-得荣地区，切割深，地貌条件特殊，地表地球化学环境变化复杂，梯度变化小，找矿标志不明显，找矿难度大．运用传统的地球化学数据处理方法，可能漏掉部分异常强度不大而可能成矿的异常，而采用衬值滤波技术便可提取相对弱小的异常信息．在系统总结该区地球化学特征基础上，进行异常筛选与查证，取得较好的找矿效果与经验．     

蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法──以金龙山微细浸染型金矿为例

金矿化作用伴围岩蚀变，且多受断裂控制，反映在地球化学上出现某些元素的异常。在已发现一害矿化体并掌握一般控制矿特征的地区，利用已有工程在蚀变带内连续捡块采样，分析有关批示元素，总结有关的地球化学指标，建立地球化学预测模式，对已知矿体及外围异常进行了地球化学评价。     

Application of singularity mapping technique to identify local anomalies using stream sediment geochemical data,a case study from Gangdese,Tibet, western China

Identifying geochemical anomalies from background is a fundamental task in exploration geochemistry. The Gangdese mineral district in western China has complex geochemical surface expression due to complex geological background and was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. The results illustrate that weak anomalies are hidden within the strong variance of background and are not well identified by means of inverse distance weighted; neither are they clearly identified by the C–A method if this method is applied to the whole study area. On the other hand, singularity values provide new information that complements use of original concentration values and can quantify the properties of enrichment and depletion caused by mineralization. In general, producing maps of singularities can help to identify relatively weak metal concentration anomalies in complex geological regions. Application of singularity mapping technique in Gangdese district shows local anomalies of Cu are not only directly associated with known deposits in the central part of the study area, but also with E–W and N–E oriented faults in the north of the study area. Both types of anomalies should be further investigated for undiscovered Cu mineral deposits.     

安徽马头地区斑岩型钼铜矿异常结构研究

利用元素质量平衡计算方法,将元素含量转换成迁移量,直观展现出由元素迁移量构成的原生异常,根据异常的空间分布规律,总结出了由成矿地球化学环境指示元素(Na2O、Ba、Sr)负异常、矿化剂元素(S)正异常、成矿元素(Mo、Cu)及其伴生元素(Ag、As、Sb、W等)正异常构成的马头斑岩型钼铜矿原生异常结构,利用原生异常结构可以对深部成矿前景进行判断和评价;地表岩石(屑)测量结果表明研究区地表同样存在异常结构,且对原生异常结构有很好的继承性,利用地表异常结构可以指明找矿方向、成矿有利地段和矿床产出位置。上述研究成果的取得,不仅丰富和充实了地球化学勘查方法技术,为其他同类型矿床的地球化学勘查提供了参考案例,同时对勘查地球化学应用基础理论而言也是有益的尝试。     

地球化学调查数据在地质背景、成矿条件分析中的应用:以中国西北干旱荒漠区为例

1:5万矿产地质调查中通常会优先部署地球化学调查工作,采样密度一般大于8点/km2,并分析多达38项地球化学指标,其主要目的是发现"矿致异常",指导矿产勘查工作.而研究表明,区域地球化学数据是地表物质化学组成的直接反映,所以不仅包含了与成矿有关的异常信息,更包含了丰富的地质信息.在本次工作中应用中国西北干旱荒漠景观区1:5万地球化学调查数据成功识别了工作区地质体单元的分布.相比1:20万地质底图,通过clr-PCA分析提取出的1:5万地球化学数据信息展现了更多的细节:（1）地质体单元可以更为细致地划分为多个次级单元;（2）侵入体单元可以进行期次或岩相划分;（3）可为地质体单元的归属提供依据.本项研究结果成功指导了后续开展的1:5万地质调查工作,并对最终的1:5万地质图进行了验证,此外还提供了多处有利找矿线索.      

蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法——以金龙山微细浸染型金矿为例

金矿化作用伴随围岩蚀变,且多受断裂控制,反映在地球化学上出现某些元素的异常晕.在已发现一定矿(化)体并掌握一般控矿特征的地区,利用已有工程,经科学的组合采样(主要在蚀变带范围内连续拣块采样),分析有关指示元素,总结有关的地球化学指标,建立地球化学预测模式(从元素异常特征或线金属量、地球化学指标或元素比值、逐步回归方程估值等三方面),对已知矿(化)体及外围异常进行地球化学评价研究.这就是蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法.该方法在秦岭南坡金龙山微细浸染型金矿上的应用有较好的效果.本方法的预测是半定量或定性的,回归分析估值是近似定量的,同时也是有效的,低成本的.     

一种研究区域化探资料的新方法及其应用

介绍了一种对区域化探资料进行二次开发研究的方法。这个方法综合运用了常规物化探数据处理的方法技术、经验公式等 ,对元素的原始含量数据进行处理 ,将地球化学信息与地质背景信息融为一体 ,形成一种新型的地球化学综合信息图示资料 ,可屏蔽三分之二强的非矿及大量岩性异常 ,使其与矿床和矿化相关的异常信息一目了然 ,达到快速、有效的提取和利用有用信息的目的     

Multivariate statistical techniques applied to pisolitic laterite geochemistry at Golden Grove, Western Australia

Multivariate statistical procedures are applied to pisolitic laterite geochemistry in a study of the Golden Grove massive sulphide district. The objective is to optimize identification of geochemical anomalies caused by base metal mineral deposits.The statistical approach used in this paper depends upon geochemical data for appropriate reference groups (or training sets) being available. The target group consists of orientation data from pisolitic laterite about the Gossan Hill Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposit. A group representing background sequence was selected by combining three subareas in a geochemically quiet part of the prospective acid volcano-sedimentary sequence.A multi-element allocation procedure was set up using data from the reference groups. The exploration samples are then allocated, one sample at a time, to either one of the reference group categories, using the probability of group membership. A map showing the relative probability values for each sample site is the final product for interpretation, aided by ancillary use of an index of typicality.The allocation procedures were carried out using different element combinations, these being based on a procedure for subset selection to give maximum separation of reference groups, and on geochemical insight. Whilst many versions of the allocation procedure gave positive identification of the anomaly related to the blind Scuddles Cu-Zn deposit, allocation using only Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag did not. The results emphasize the importance of pathfinder elements in geochemical studies in weathered terrain.The allocation procedure using the most appropriate element combinations provided more positive identification of the main areas of known mineralization than had the previously used empirically derived methods of Smith and Perdrix (1983). The formal allocation procedure has the following additional advantages: results are not markedly affected by a very high value for any single element since robust procedures are incorporated into the analysis; better discrimination appears to be possible for weaker anomalies; separation of target from background can be optimized by formal calculations instead of by trial and error; and better suppression of background variation results.     

漳州地热普查区地球化学异常的讨论

本文以漳州热田为例,通过对该区的地质及构造特征、地下热水分布、水化学特征及土壤地球化学异常的分析对照,论证了化探工作在地热勘查中的应用效果。同时,对热田的化探异常成因进行了初浅的探讨。