一株自太湖微囊藻上分离到的细菌的生长及磷代谢

磷是引起湖泊水华爆发的关键元素,微囊藻（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓ）是太湖水华的主要藻种,为了研究磷在湖泊水体低级食物链（细菌、浮游动植物等）中的代谢,以一株自太湖微囊藻上分离的假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）Ｘ菌株为试验菌,研究了磷形态及生长因子对其生长的影响,结果表明无机磷浓度对Ｘ菌生长的影响不大,而ＡＴＰ对Ｘ菌的生长有抑制作用;在含有无机磷和有机磷的培养基中,Ｘ菌优先利用无机磷盐,Ｘ菌     

干旱荒漠区寡营养细菌及其生态特性的研究

从新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的下层(沙漠层)分离到一株寡营养细菌(Oligotrophic bacteria),编号为:SGB-5,G+;细胞大小在(0.328～0.746)×(0.171～0.240)μm;菌落圆形,直径5mm,白色光滑,隆起明显;兼性好氧;该菌最适生长的碳量为15 mg/L培养基;生长温度范围为10～50℃,最适生长温度为37℃;最适pH为7.0～9.0;该菌在生长过程中分泌大量的黏多糖,黏多糖的化学组分为阿拉伯糖、X糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及甘露醇,其摩尔比为:1∶14∶19∶6∶14;室内培养72 h黏度可达6300 mpa.S.将黏度为1200 mPa.S的菌体培养液喷洒在流沙表面后,能够形成可以黏连沙粒的约2～6 mm厚的寡营养细菌结皮层,该结皮层不仅能够固沙而且具有一定的减缓土壤中水分蒸发的效果.     

干旱荒漠区寡营养细菌及其生态特性的研究

从新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的下层(沙漠层)分离到一株寡营养细菌(Oligotrophic bacteria),编号为SGB-5,G+;细胞大小在(0.328～0.746)×(0.171～0.240)μm;菌落圆形,直径5mm,白色光滑,隆起明显;兼性好氧;该菌最适生长的碳量为15 mg/L培养基;生长温度范围为10～50℃,最适生长温度为37℃;最适pH为7.0～9.0;该菌在生长过程中分泌大量的黏多糖,黏多糖的化学组分为阿拉伯糖、X糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及甘露醇,其摩尔比为1∶14∶19∶6∶14;室内培养72 h黏度可达6300 mpa.S.将黏度为1200 mPa.S的菌体培养液喷洒在流沙表面后,能够形成可以黏连沙粒的约2～6 mm厚的寡营养细菌结皮层,该结皮层不仅能够固沙而且具有一定的减缓土壤中水分蒸发的效果.     

五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定

有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种．     

一株产碱性磷酸酶附生菌对微囊藻生长的影响

为研究产碱性磷酸酶(ALP)细菌对微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)从有机磷中获得磷营养的影响,从微囊藻群体中分离获得一株产ALP附生菌Y6,通过ITS分子鉴定该菌属赤杆菌属(Erythrobacter).探讨该菌在有机磷条件下对微囊藻生长及生理代谢的影响,结果表明:(1)细菌发酵液中ALP活性与Y...     

美人蕉(Canna indica)内生细菌促生能力及其强化水体的净化作用

从美人蕉(Canna indica)植物体内分离内生细菌.通过测定内生细菌产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、铁载体、固氮、溶磷能力筛选出3株内生细菌C01、C16、C20.本试验的目的为评价接种内生细菌能否促进美人蕉种子萌发和幼苗生长,并通过小型浮床水质净化试验,评价接种内生细菌后的美人蕉对水体中营养物质的去除效果.结果表明:C01、C16、C20促进了美人蕉种子的萌发、生长,C16试验组萌发率为83.3%,显著高于对照组31.1%; C16显著提高了植株的株高和根长,分别比对照组高出23.33%、40.44%.水质净化实验阶段,C16试验组总磷、总氮的去除率分别达到88.4%、96.9%,分别比对照组高出26.4%、15.6%.最终,C01、C16试验组生物量、根长都显著高于对照组.C16试验组植株体内可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白显著高于对照组317.3%、97.8%.经鉴定,C01为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens),C16为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.),C20为欧文氏菌(Erwinia sp.).     

一株耐冷异养硝化菌的分离鉴定及脱氮特性

利用异养硝化培养基,冬季从南四湖人工湿地底泥中分离筛选到一株具有较高脱氮性能的菌株Z01.经形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌株为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）,命名为Pseudomonas sp.Z01.实验探究得到菌株Z01的最佳初始投菌量为7%,最适温度、pH和盐度分别为15℃、6.0~8.0和0.3%,最佳碳源为葡萄糖.在最适生长条件下,通过氨氮去除试验发现该菌株对模拟污水中氨氮的去除率有一定提高,是异养硝化培养基中氨氮去除效率的1.1倍.此外,该菌株对模拟废水中总氮和COD也具有较好的去除效果.研究表明,菌株Z01在冬季污水处理中硝化脱氮具有良好的应用前景和很大的发展空间.     

武汉东湖几丁质分解菌生态研究

对武汉东湖水柱和沉积物中几丁质分解菌的种类组成、数量分布及动态的研究结果表明:几丁质分解菌中.放线菌居于优势,在水柱中约为总数的50—72.3％;在沉积物中约为63—88.5％。经鉴定的102株放线菌中,链霉菌属(Steptomyces)占总数的70.6％;链孢囊菌属(Streptosporangium)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、小多孢菌属(Micropolyspora)分别为8.8％、9.8％和10.8％。细菌中主要是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),占鉴定菌株数的42％,其次为沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)和短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)的一些菌株。在数量分布上,沉积物中高于水柱2—3个数量级;东湖Ⅰ站高于Ⅱ站。随着季节更迭,水温上升,其数量亦有相应变化。对菌株分解几丁质的能力和其它生物活性作了比较,并就所得结果进行了讨论。     

多层螺旋CT胸部扫描参数的优化研究

目的:比较16层螺旋CT的4种不同胸部的扫描技术参数,探讨胸部检查最适合的扫描参数。资料与方法:回顾性分析2003年6月至2011年4月间CT检查采用此4种扫描参数的患者100例,肺部低剂量检查和常规剂量检查均分别采用1.5mm×16(24mm)及0.75mm×16(12mm)宽探测器进行扫描;有效mAs分别为20mAs及100mAs;管电压、扫描周期及重建层厚等均相同,为120kV、0.5s、5mm。再分别重叠50%重组2mm及1mm的最薄层图像用于三维后处理用,对照分析其影像及后处理重建图像的质量。结果:4种扫描检查方法所得的肺部影像正常结构及所显示的病灶均无明显差异,图像质量优良;采用较宽探测器和低剂量扫描方案的扫描时间及X线剂量均明显减少,所产生的X线辐射也大幅减少。结论:胸部CT扫描采用宽(1.5mm)探测器和低剂量扫描方案进行时,其辐射剂量(CTDIvol)只为窄(0.75mm)探测器和常规剂量扫描方案的20%,但能提供相近的诊断信息。     

阿尔金北缘断裂雁丹图、长草沟河流阶地与构造抬升

宽谷及宽谷阶地的形成与流域内的构造抬升活动密切相关。文中在考察阿尔金北缘断裂东段雁丹图与长草沟宽谷的基础上 ,结合古气候资料 ,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来两地河流阶地所反映的构造抬升。雁丹图自约 16 1kaBP以来发育了 3级堆积阶地 (T1,T2 与T3) ,并出露埋藏主要宽谷。 3级阶地面年龄分别约为 16 1ka ,12 8ka ,6 2ka ,反映了 3次构造抬升的存在 ,代表了 3次构造抬升发生的时间。雁丹图自约 16 1kaBP以来的构造抬升速率约为 4 8～ 4 5mm/a ;12 8～ 6 2kaBP间的抬升速率约 6 4mm/a ;6 2kaBP以来为 3 1mm/a。长草沟在 7kaBP以来有 4级阶地发育 (T3,T2 ,T′1与T1) ,均为堆积阶地 ,并出露埋藏宽谷。其中T3与T2 出露埋藏主要宽谷 ,T′1与T1出露埋藏次要宽谷。T3,T2与T′13级阶地的阶地面年龄分别约为 7ka ,3ka,2 5ka。 4级阶地反映 2次构造抬升 ,一次在约 7kaBP ,一次在 3kaBP左右。自 7 0kaBP以来长草沟的抬升速率约为 5 9mm/a ,在 7～ 3     

椎基底动脉延长扩张症的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT平扫对椎基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)的诊断价值。方法复习2658例病人头颅CT平扫结果,测量其中可显示的基底动脉(BA)的直径、分出大脑后动脉的高度及走行位置,检出符合Smoker等定义的VBD病例。结果2658例全部按常规8mm多层CT容积扫描并行3mm重建,2379例能清楚显示BA,共发现16例符合Smoker等定义的VBD的病例,其CT与临床表现与文献报道相似。结论头颅多层螺旋CT平扫后行3 mm重建图像89.50%可显示BA,对其进行测量可以诊断VBD。     

Trace Metals in Selected Benthic Invertebrates from Belgian Coastal Waters (1981–1996)

Mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and chromium were assessed in brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), swimming crab (Liocarcinus holsatus), hermit crab (Pagurus bernhardus), starfish (Asterias rubens) and cut trough shell (Spisula subtruncata) from ten sampling stations off the Belgian coast, including three dredge spoils disposal sites. Calculations of time trends indicated that on the whole concentrations of trace metals had significantly decreased since 1981, also on dredged material dumping sites. Starfish and hermit crab were found to be the most promising benthic indicator species for metal contamination. Globally, the location of the sites, including the dredge spoils disposal zones, showed to be of little influence on the concentrations of trace metals.     

Seismotectonic Model and CN Earthquake Prediction in Italy

—The choice of the regions is essential in the application of the algorithm CN, therefore a seismotectonic criterion for their definition is tested. In order to take into account the geodynamic complexity characterising the Italian peninsula, we established to strictly follow the seismotectonic zones, including in each region only zones with similar seismogenic behaviour and the transitional zones connected to them. Three regions have been successfully defined in this way, corresponding approximately to the North, Centre and South of Italy. The reduction of the space-time uncertainty and the increase of the stability of prediction results obtained with this regionalisation, with respect to the previous applications of CN in Italy (Keilis-Borok et al., 1990; Costa et al., 1995, 1996), can be interpreted as a validation of the seismotectonic model.     

Non-destructive assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure by fluorimetric analysis of crab urine

The detection of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites by fluorescence spectrophotometry is particularly effective as a practical means to assess PAH exposure in decapod crabs. However, the practical application of this technique has thus far only been tested for the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas) and only a few field studies have been conducted in heavily polluted areas. The present study evaluated the adaptability of this method as a rapid, cost-effective and non-destructive biomonitoring tool for the New Zealand crab species, Macrophthalmus hirtipes (stalk-eyed mud crab). A field gradient could be detected among the sites and different input sources of PAH contamination could be discerned through the differentiation of pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH signatures. The present study shows that the fluorescence screening method is sensitive to relatively low levels of PAH contamination and more broadly applicable to smaller crab species than C. maenas, for which the technique was developed.     

Variations in Phosphorus Speciation in Response to Simulated Riparian Zone Enhancement with Red Mud to Treat Reclaimed Water

Variations in phosphorus speciation in two sets of simulated riparian zones with and without Perennial ryegrass were compared. Each set consisted of four units, each measuring 700 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm, which were enhanced with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% red mud (RM) by weight. The levels of total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the effluent were analyzed, and phosphorus fractionation in the media were also determined after the systems had been operational for 3 months. The results showed that the unit received 2.5% RM had the highest rate of phosphorus removal, including TP, TDP, SRP, particulate phosphorus (PP), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were present at the average concentrations of 0.17, 0.10, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.03 mg/L in the effluent. Sequential phosphorus fractionation showed that calcium‐bound phosphorus (Ca–P) was the major component, indicating that the addition of RM induced aluminum/iron‐bound phosphorus (Al/Fe–P), which was intensely bioactive, to form intractable Ca–P, which further inhibited the release of phosphorus from the media. However, the presence of P. ryegrass had little effect on the removal of phosphorus. Therefore, RM, when used directly in riparian zones at a suitable concentration, is a novel and low cost additive material that can be used to remove phosphorus from reclaimed water.     

Palinspastic restorations for the south Tien Shan mountains and Tajik depression based on paleomagnetic data

In terms of plate tectonic concepts, horizontal movement are responsible for the formation of fold belts, and modern structures are interpreted by the position of the belt relative to the zones of plate collision. Paleomagnetic data allow the reconstruction of the former positions of these zones relative to a geographic grid, their pre-deformation patterns being important to the solution of problems in fold belt tectonics (Van der Voo et al., 1980; Khramov et al., 1982).Fold structures within the south-western spurs of the Tien Shan Mountains and the intermontane basins separating them were the first to be studied (Rzhevsky, 1966). Paleomagnetic studies aimed at understanding the tectonic setting of the region have been undertaken during the ensuing years and also cover adjacent areas of Central Asia (Khramov et al., 1982).In this paper an attempt is made to summarize some paleomagnetic results, produced palinspastic reconstructions of the region and produce a framework to help understand the formation of one of the crucial parts of the Alpine-Himalayan belt.     

Zones of activation and volcanism

The zones of tectono-magmatic activation (TMA) that bound and traverse the major volcanogenic belts in the Russian Northeast were previously thought to be satellites of these belts. We even suggested an appropriate term, “perivolcanic zones” [Sidorov et al., 1978]. However, these supra-subduction and their perivolcanic zones are generally radically different from the deep-seated TMA zones of the Chukchi or Omsukchan types in that they are less deep and are short-lived. In contrast to volcanogenic belts, which are characterized by numerous small volcanic features with numerous mineralization occurrences of base and noble metals among regional propilitization fields, it is exactly in the zones of activation of these types that long-lived, volcano-plutonic centers with major mineralization fields are formed.     

Earthquake swarms in the Kamchatka subduction zone and estimation of possible tsunami generation locations

An analysis of the space-time locations of earthquake swarms in the Kamchatka subduction zone showed that the source zones of these earthquake swarms, as well as of the epicenters of most tsunami-generating earthquakes, are confined to the seamounts in the barrier ridge between Kamchatka and the deep-sea trench. The ??dot clouds?? of hypocenters of practically all earthquake swarms dip toward the trench on seismic sections that are oriented across the subduction zone trend; this fits the auxiliary focal solution of tsunami-generating earthquakes as was first noticed by L.M. Balakina and is in agreement with the model experiment carried out by L.I. Lobkovskii et al. We discuss a likely scenario for the generation of reverse-thrust blocks whose movements are accompanied by earthquake swarms and by tsunami-generating earthquakes. We estimate the locations of the most probable tsunami generation.     

Investigations on the Effects of Temperature on the Degradation of Cellulose by Bacteria from Aquatic Environments in Different Climatic Zones

Two strains of cellulose-degrading bacteria isolated from aquatic environments in two different climatic zones were studied with regard to the effects of temperature on their growth rate and degradation of cellulose. It was found that the strain which had adapted to higher temperatures is able to achieve higher absolute cellulose degradation rates due to its higher temperature optimum (ca. 35 °C) and the correspondingly high growth and degradation rates at this temperature. On the other hand, the strain adapted to lower temperatures (temperature optimum around 25 °C) exhibits a higher growth rate and more intensive degradation capabilities at the low temperatures registered for these waters.     

Large strain deformation studies using polycrystalline magnesium as a rock analogue. Part I: grain size paleopiezometry in mylonite zones

The results of large strain deformation studies of polycrystalline magnesium are reported. Shear zones develop at temperatures below 0.65 Tm for strain rates between 10^?4?10^?5 s^?1. The zones are characterised by small recrystallised grains and are analogues of mylonite zones in crustal and mantle rocks. Their development is marked by a stress drop but the recrystallised grains in the zones do not re-equilibrate and remain equilibrated to the peak stress. However, the recrystallised grains in the areas bordering the shear zones undergo a strain dependent coarsening and their sizes re-equilibrate to the relaxed stresses at natural strains of 1. The geological implications of these results are discussed.