Activity of water during granulite metamorphism around Anakapalle,Vishakhapatnam District,A.P.

A refined mathematical equation is proposed to quantify the ambient activity of water during granulite fades metamorphism. The thermodynamic calculations point to the low activity of water during metamorphism in the area around Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam district, A.P. Carbonic metamorphism seems to be responsible for the low activity of water during this metamorphism. Calc-silicate rocks in the area, could have been the source of the CO₂.     

Reply: Middle Pleistocene sedimentation at Pakefield,Suffolk, England: a response to Lee et al. (2006) P. L. Gibbard,A. Moscariello,H. W. Bailey,S. Boreham,C. Koch,A. R. Lord,J. E. Whittaker,C. A. Whiteman

Journal of Quaternary Science Published online 9 August 2007. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1118 The above paper was incorrectly titled. The correct title should be: Comment: Middle Pleistocene sedimentation at Pakefield, Suffolk, England J. R. LEE, J. ROSE, I. CANDY and R. W. BARENDREGT (2006) Journal of Quaternary Science 21 : 155–179 The error will be corrected prior to print publication.     

南京市地基稳定性区划图

为了城市土地的合理使用，保证建筑物的安全，目前在城市岩土工程问题中对土地的合理利用研究和评价方法不断涌现。本文根据南京市的基岩岩性、地貌特征、覆盖层厚度和第四纪松散沉积物分布情况，划分为五个基本类型，各个分区具有不同的工程地质特征。     

A history of vegetation and fire, 6,600 B.P. to present, County Sligo, western Ireland

Dodson, John R. & Bradshaw, Richard H. W. 1987 06 01: A history of vegetation and fire, 6,600 B.P. to present, County Sligo, western Ireland. Boreas , Vol. 16, pp. 113–123. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
Two lake sites on metamorphic rocks with small catchments and one mor humus deposit have been analysed to assess the relative influences of fire, man and climate upon the regional and local vegetation of the Lough Gill region of County Sligo. The vegetation of the area was dominated by mixed woodland from 6,600 B.P. to 600 B.P. The first evidence of human impact on the forests was around 5,400 B.P. in the form of clearance for pasture. The intensity of human impact varied between sites, and there were periods of forest recovery as well as decline. From 600 B.P. widespread forest destruction took place, and pasture with heathland became predominant. Pinus sylvestris had a major presence until about 5,400 B.P. It declined from this time and had a patchy distribution by 2,000 B.P. The decline of Pinus was linked with the expansion of treeless peatland in what are presumed to be wet periods, and Pinus recovery in drier periods. Fire may have encouraged the spread of heathland at the expense of Pinus . Arbutus unedo pollen was found at Slish Lake as early as 1,900 B.P., suggesting that it is native to this area. Isolated trees survive today at woodland edges. Charcoal particles occurred in all the profiles. Fire was particularly associated with heathland communities, and may have been used as a management tool to improve grazing conditions. Some of the phases of woodland decline correlate strongly with charcoal input suggesting forest destruction by fire.