伊洛河流域典型地区森林景观格局动态

以野外调查资料和1983~1999年森林资源分布图为主要信息源,用ARC/INFO作为空间信息处理工具,采用斑块数、平均斑块面积、破碎化指数、斑块伸长指数、分数维、稳定度等指标分析了近20年来伊洛河流域中部典型地区的森林景观格局动态。结果表明,(1) 研究区内森林总面积在增加,斑块数量迅速增大,由556块增至1 494块。其中以刺槐林、经济林和杨树林斑块数量增加最多。景观破碎化程度明显加大。(2) 森林景观要素中灌木林、刺槐林、经济林、杨树林、栎林等斑块的面积有所增加,而非林地、荒草地、疏林、油松林等斑块的面积有所减小;除杨树林外,各森林类型斑块的平均面积都在减小。 (3) 研究区内沟谷植被覆盖面积共减少了220 827.9 hm²;丘陵森林覆被面积由1983年的161 870.4 hm²增加到1999年的312 599.7 hm²,增加了93.1%;斑块数目由79块增加到758块,增加了860%。而丘陵地区斑块平均面积却大大减小;山地森林覆被面积有所减少,由1983年的375 348.6 hm²减小到1999年的338 733.9 hm²,而斑块数却大幅度增加,由1983年的432块增加到1999年的1 127块,增加了695块。(4) 研究区南北山坡森林景观格局变化明显不同,这与南北坡土地类型不同、人类活动方式不同和地形地势的差别有关。     

台吉乃尔盐湖景观格局变化遥感分析(1990~2015年)

以1990年、2005年、2015年台吉乃尔盐湖区Landsat遥感影像作为数据源,从景观学角度分析了台吉乃尔盐湖区近25年来景观格局的动态变化。借助遥感和地理信息技术提取各类景观的信息,然后选取景观斑块平均面积(MPS)、景观破碎度指数(FN)、香浓多样性指数(SHDI)进行计算分析,同时研究了不同景观类型的面积变化情况。结果表明:1)台吉乃尔盐湖区景观空间格局以荒漠景观为主要特征,自然景观所占的比重明显高于人为景观,人为景观所占比重呈增加趋势;2)1990～2005年间,干盐滩、盐湖、荒漠为湖区主要景观,景观面积变化与景观格局变化主要受控于气候因素的影响,总体上各类型景观的变化幅度较小,但景观多样性有提高;3)2005～2015年间,干盐滩、荒漠为湖区主要景观,盐湖大面积减少,景观面积变化与景观格局变化主要受控于人类活动的影响,景观多样性降低。     

近20年来伊洛河流域典型地区森林景观格局动态

Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999,six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin.These indices include patch number,mean patch area,fragment index,patdch extension index,etc,The results showed that;(1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area,The fragment degree became very high.(2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes,The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999 ,The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest ,non- forest shrub forest ,sparse forest ,and Quercus species forest in creased rapidly,but that of economic forest became zero ,The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted.(3)The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomprhic regions.From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area,the gross number and the density of patch,diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines,but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased ,In hilly region,both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999,but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly,In mountain region,even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999 ,the patch number was increased greatly,the mean area of all patch types was reduced ,the extension index,diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased.Furthermore,because of different types of land use,human activtiy and terratin ,the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different.According to these analyses,the main driving forces,such as the policies of management,market economy,influence of human activities etc.are brought out.     

Forest landscape patterns dynamics of Yihe-Luohe river basin

Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.     

Perfection and complexity in the lower Brazos River

The “perfect landscape” concept is based on the notion that any specific geomorphic system represents the combined, interacting effects of a set of generally applicable global laws and a set of geographically and historically contingent local controls. Because the joint probability of any specific combination of local and global controls is low, and the local controls are inherently idiosyncratic, the probability of existence of any given landscape is vanishingly small. A perfect landscape approach to geomorphic complexity views landscapes as circumstantial, contingent outcomes of deterministic laws operating in a specific environmental and historical context. Thus, explaining evolution of complex landscapes requires the integration of global and local approaches. Because perfection in this sense is the most important and pervasive form of complexity, the study of geomorphic complexity is not restricted to nonlinear dynamics, self-organization, or any other aspects of complexity theory. Beyond what can be achieved via complexity theory, the details of historical and geographic contexts must be addressed. One way to approach this is via synoptic analyses, where the relevant global laws are applied in specific situational contexts. A study of non-acute tributary junctions in the lower Brazos River, Texas illustrates this strategy. The application of generalizations about tributary junction angles, and of relevant theories, does not explain the unexpectedly high occurrence or the specific instances of barbed or straight junctions in the study area. At least five different causes for the development of straight or obtuse junction angles are evident in the lower Brazos. The dominant mechanism, however, is associated with river bank erosion and lateral channel migration which encroaches on upstream-oriented reaches of meandering tributaries. Because the tributaries are generally strongly incised in response to Holocene incision of the Brazos, the junctions are not readily reoriented to the expected acute angle. The findings are interpreted in the context of nonlinear divergent evolution, geographical and historical contingency, synoptic frameworks for generalizing results, and applicability of the dominant processes concept in geomorphology.     

白洋淀湖沼湿地系统景观格局演变及驱动力分析

以白洋淀湖沼湿地系统为研究对象,分析了1979年、1991年、2000年和2006年4个时期白洋淀湖沼湿地系统景观格局演变过程及其湿地景观格局指数的动态变化,并剖析白洋淀湖沼湿地系统格局演变的驱动力。研究结果表明,研究期内湿地面积呈减少趋势,由1979年的404.5 km²缩减到2006年的338.4 km²,且减少部分大多转化为耕地;同时,各景观类型分布趋于集中分布,但景观多样性降低。1979-2006年期间,1979-1991年时段内的湿地景观格局指数变化最快,之后变缓。近30年内耕地斑块面积、边界密度和面积加权平均邻近指数最大;建设用地的斑块数量最多,斑块密度最大;各湿地景观类型的平均分维数都接近1,形状都比较简单。引起湿地系统景观格局演变的主要原因包括气候、水文过程以及社会经济和政策等因素。     

西辽河流域历史早期的文化景观格局

考古发现表明 ,西辽河流域自历史早期以来 ,先后演绎了多期文化 ,文明一直延续至今。本文根据大量的野外考古调查资料 ,在典型考古遗址、教来河流域、敖汉旗三个空间尺度上建立了本区历史早期文化景观的DEM模型 ,分析了赤峰全境历史早期文化遗址点的水平分布格局 ,从四个不同的空间尺度探讨了西辽河流域历史早期文化景观的演变过程 ,概括出本区历史时期文化景观垂向变迁和水平变迁两种模式 ,为进一步深入研究本区人地系统的相互作用机制提供了基础。     

三江平原抚远县景观格局变化研究

基于RS和GIS技术,应用集成地形图与遥感影像(MSS和TM)数据,获得抚远县6期景观类型图;通过计算各景观类型的相对变化率、转入和转出贡献率,应用景观格局分析方法,对1954~2005年三江平原抚远县湿地农田化过程进行分析。结果表明,1986年以后,耕地成为抚远县面积最大的景观类型;1954~2005年,各景观类型中耕地的相对变化率最大,1995~2000年间其相对变化率达到10.50;湿地的相对变化率在1976~1986年最大,为1.31%,湿地转出变为耕地的贡献率较大,这主要是湿地大面积被开垦为耕地的结果。景观指数在过去50多年间都发生了明显变化,最大景观形状指数(LSI)出现在1995年,为36.99;最大Shannon多样性指数(SH-DI)出现在1986年,为1.45;最大斑块聚集度指数(CONTAG)和斑块指数(LPI)出现在2005年,分别为64.14和53.35;最大斑块周长—面积分维数(PAFRAC)出现在1954年,为1.54。大规模农业开发与景观指数变化规律存在密切关系。     

广州市城市植被景观多样性分析

城市植被是城市的绿色生命线,对改善和美化城市景观生态环境起着重要的作用。言路在分析广州市植被景观现状的基础之上,应用景观生态学原理,结合具体情况和考虑研究的可操作性,选取多样性指数、优势度、分离度和破碎度四个指标,从景观的类型多术性、格局多样性和斑块多样性三个方面,对广州市城市植被景观进行多样性分析。结果表明,随着人类活动的加强,城市植被景观类型多样性降低,景观类型趋于单一;景观斑块多样性增大,嵌     

1990 年以来广州市土地覆被景观的时空梯度分异

取1990 年、1995 年、2000 年和2005 年4 个时相覆盖广州市的TM 遥感影像为数据源, 经非监督分类及人工目视解译, 获得研究区各时相土地覆被类型图。以高速公路为轴线 应用缓冲区技术, 形成南北和东西两条样带, 同时以城市中心区域向外等距扩展而形成辐射状梯度圈。通过样带和梯度圈剪裁形成土地覆被类型图, 计算土地覆被类型图的景观指数, 分析广州市15 年间土地覆被动态过程, 揭示区域景观动态的方向和梯度分异特征。数量结构与样带研究结果表明: 广州市因经济发展而使土地覆被景观恶化的趋势已得到一定程度的遏制, 城市发展逐步进入理性控制阶段, 但是存在方向分异, 东西样带上的土地覆被景观的多样性持续下降, 斑块破碎化程度加剧; 辐射梯度圈研究结果显示, 向外围扩展的城市化过程使广州市呈现出多个次级中心的格局, 对城市土地覆被景观的干扰强度自中心城区向郊区递减, 方向分异不显著; 东南方向的辐射梯度圈内土地覆被景观的分维数和多样性指数变化特征表明, 自2000 年始, 经济发展已开始侵占南部海域。     

丘陵地区土地可持续利用的景观生态评价

景观生态学以人与景观的相互关系为着眼点，既注重景观系统的功能特征，又注重景观系统的稳定性和持续性，与土地可持续利用概念具有高度的一致性。以位于桂东南丘陵地区的广西横县为例，以土地可持续利用为目标，将土地利用持续性评价与景观生态学原理相结合，从景观生产力、景观受胁度与景观稳定性3方面构建土地利用可持续性的景观生态评价指标体系，包括水土流失面积比、地均工农业产值、景观破碎度和生产力多样性等14项指标，对丘陵地区土地持续利用的景观生态学评价方法和程序进行探讨和分析。     

Relationship between landscape heterogeneity and plant species richness on the Mexican Pacific coast

The present study aims to use landscape heterogeneity as a predictor of plant species richness in a tropical dry landscape area in the coast of Michoacán, Mexico. To understand the relationship between species richness and landscape, a three-step approach was followed: first, landscape spatial heterogeneity was measured by classifying landscape types according to their attributes (i.e., environmental, soil and topographic variables). Second, several diversity standard indices were used to explore biological diversity and to select the best one explaining the relationship between landscape heterogeneity and plant species richness, for this study area. Third, from the obtained results it was possible to calculate biodiversity values on the basis of landscape heterogeneity. The results indicate that it is possible to predict more than 61% of species richness through an indicator of landscape heterogeneity (H′; Shannon–Weaver diversity index). This procedure may be useful in terms of land use, conservation, and management of protected areas, mainly in areas with high biodiversity but with limited biological data, since it allows to obtain an approximation of the spatial distribution of species richness, even with scarce biological information.     

人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究——以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例（英文）

Using multitemporal Landsat TM/OLI images at a 10-year interval,in this study,we(1)extracted information of spatial location,length,and sinuosity of coastline and landscape configuration,diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshan Bay(XB),China and Tampa Bay(TB),USA from 1985 to 2015;(2)constructed indices of artificial coastlines and human disturbance on bay area landscapes;and(3)explored and discussed the impacts of human activities on changes of coastlines and landscape types in the two bay areas.Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points.(1)During the past 30 years,the lengths of natural coastline in XB and TB shrank,while the lengths of their artificial coastline increased first and then maintained stable.Since there were different influences of human activities on coastlines and landscape types between the two bay areas,XB experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity,while,in TB,there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged.(2)The intensity of human activities in XB was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995,and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995.However,in the time period,the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastlines in XB.In TB area,although the intensity of human activities was enhanced,the degree of enhancement slowed down from1985 to 2015 and the impacted areas of human activates were concentrated in several coastal city areas.(3)The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both XB and TB generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005.However,during the period of 2005 to 2015,the average patch area of landscapes disturbed by different degrees of human activities in XB changed differently,while in TB it almost did not change.(4)From 1985 to 2005,the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in XB gradually increased,while in TB,changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied.From 2005 to 2015,the changes in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas were from weak to strong,whereas the indices of landscape diversity in XB and TB increased first and then decreased.(5)The landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both XB and TB gradually increased from 1985 to 2005,while from 2005 to 2015,in both bay areas,the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.     

Soil–landform development of a part of the fold belt along the eastern coast of Bangladesh

The evolution of landforms and soils from the Jaldi and Maiskhali anticlines and adjoining areas in a part of the coastal region of the north–south trending fold belt of Bangladesh during the Late Quaternary Period has been investigated. Based on the degree of soil development and luminescence dating, eight soil geomorphic units have been deciphered and grouped into four members (I–IV) of a morphostratigraphic sequence for the study area. Various soil geomorphic units included in different member/sub-members are: Member I—river floodplains and active tidal flats (< 500 years); Member II—distal Piedmont Plains and old tidal flats (0.5–2 ka); Member III—proximal Piedmont Plains (6–10 ka); and Member IV—Mainland Higher and Lower Hillocks and Island Hillocks (> 15 ka). Member IV is further subdivided into Sub-member IVa—Island Hillocks (15–18 ka); Sub-member IVb—Mainland Lower Hillocks (23–25 ka); and Sub-member IVc—Mainland Higher Hillocks (30–35 ka).The youngest and poorly developed soils of Member I show features related to hydromorphism. Moderately developed soils of Members II and III show a fersiallitisation stage of pedogenesis. Member IV includes ‘strongly developed soils’ with a ferrugination stage of pedogenesis. These soils also exhibit degradation and poor birefringence of argillans and ferriargillans, indicating a significant change in conditions of pedogenesis, probably related to a paleoclimatic change from a subhumid to semiarid phase (40 ka to about 16 ka) to a hot humid to subhumid phase (16 ka–present). Parent material composition and physiography also have affected the pedogenesis in the area.Based on ages and heights above the mean sea level for the five terraces recognized in the study area, the overall base-level rise rates calculated are about 3.6 mm/year (18 ka–present) for the Maiskhali Island and 2.86 mm/year (35 ka–present) for the mainland (Jaldi anticline). These base level changes represent combined effects of eustatic sea level and tectonic uplift due to folding.     

Coastline and landscape changes in bay areas caused by human activities: A comparative analysis of Xiangshan Bay,China and Tampa Bay,USA

Using multitemporal Landsat TM/OLI images at a 10-year interval, in this study, we (1) extracted information of spatial location, length, and sinuosity of coastline and landscape configuration, diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshan Bay (XB), China and Tampa Bay (TB), USA from 1985 to 2015; (2) constructed indices of artificial coastlines and human disturbance on bay area landscapes; and (3) explored and discussed the impacts of human activities on changes of coastlines and landscape types in the two bay areas. Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points. (1) During the past 30 years, the lengths of natural coastline in XB and TB shrank, while the lengths of their artificial coastline increased first and then maintained stable. Since there were different influences of human activities on coastlines and landscape types between the two bay areas, XB experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity, while, in TB, there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged. (2) The intensity of human activities in XB was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995, and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995. However, in the time period, the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastlines in XB. In TB area, although the intensity of human activities was enhanced, the degree of enhancement slowed down from 1985 to 2015 and the impacted areas of human activates were concentrated in several coastal city areas. (3) The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both XB and TB generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005. However, during the period of 2005 to 2015, the average patch area of landscapes disturbed by different degrees of human activities in XB changed differently, while in TB it almost did not change. (4) From 1985 to 2005, the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in XB gradually increased, while in TB, changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied. From 2005 to 2015, the changes in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas were from weak to strong, whereas the indices of landscape diversity in XB and TB increased first and then decreased. (5) The landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both XB and TB gradually increased from 1985 to 2005, while from 2005 to 2015, in both bay areas, the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.     

Teaching about relict, no-analog landscapes

Only a few very young landforms are the result of currently operating geomorphic processes. Because the time scale for landscape evolution is much longer than the time scale for late Cenozoic climate changes, almost all landscapes are palimpsests, written over repeatedly by various combinations of climate-determined processes. Relict glacial and periglacial landforms are widely identified in mid-latitude regions that have been traditionally described as having been shaped by the “normal” processes of fluvial erosion. Less confidently, deeply weathered regolith and associated relict landforms in the middle and high latitudes are attributed to early Tertiary warmth. However, assemblages of geomorphic processes specific to certain climatic regions, like faunal and floral assemblages, cannot be translated across latitude, so in spite of the many books about the geomorphology of specific modern climate regions, there are few sources that discuss former warm high-latitude, or cold low-latitude, low-altitude geomorphic processes that have no modern analogs. Students and teachers alike who attempt to interpret landforms by extrapolating modern climatic conditions to other latitudinal zones will find their outlook broadened, and they become better prepared to consider the geomorphic impacts of global climate change.     

Infiltration on mountain slopes: a comparison of three environments

Water is well established as a major driver of the geomorphic change that eventually reduces mountains to lower relief landscapes. Nonetheless, within the altitudinal limits of continuous vegetation in humid climates, water is also an essential factor in slope stability. In this paper, we present results from field experiments to determine infiltration rates at forested sites in the Andes Mountains (Ecuador), the southern Appalachian Mountains (USA), and the Luquillo Mountains (Puerto Rico). Using a portable rainfall simulator–infiltrometer (all three areas), and a single ring infiltrometer (Andes), we determined infiltration rates, even on steep slopes. Based on these results, we examine the spatial variability of infiltration, the relationship of rainfall runoff and infiltration to landscape position, the influence of vegetation on infiltration rates on slopes, and the implications of this research for better understanding erosional processes and landscape change.Infiltration rates ranged from 6 to 206 mm/h on lower slopes of the Andes, 16 to 117 mm/h in the southern Appalachians, and 0 to 106 mm/h in the Luquillo Mountains. These rates exceed those of most natural rain events, confirming that surface runoff is rare in montane forests with deep soil/regolith mantles. On well-drained forested slopes and ridges, apparent steady-state infiltration may be controlled by the near-surface downslope movement of infiltrated water rather than by characteristics of the full vertical soil profile. With only two exceptions, the local variability of infiltration rates at the scale of 10° m overpowered other expected spatial relationships between infiltration, vegetation type, slope position, and soil factors. One exception was the significant difference between infiltration rates on alluvial versus upland soils in the Andean study area. The other exception was the significant difference between infiltration rates in topographic coves compared to other slope positions in the tabonuco forest of one watershed in the Luquillo Mountains. Our research provides additional evidence of the ability of forests and forest soils to preserve geomorphic features from denudation by surface erosion, documents the importance of subsurface flow in mountain forests, and supports the need for caution in extrapolating infiltration rates.     

Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Kunlun Pass area and uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

There is a set of Late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass area, Tibetan Plateau, China. Paleomagnetic, ESR and TL dating suggest that they date from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Analyses of stratigraphy, sedimentary characteristic, and evolution of the fauna and flora indicate that, from the Pliocene to the early Quaternary (about 5–1.1 Ma BP), there was a relatively warm and humid environment, and a paleolake occurred around the Kunlun Pass. The elevation of the Kunlun Pass area was no more than 1500 m, and only one low topographic divide existed between the Qaidam Basin and the Kunlun Pass Basin. The geomorphic pattern in the Kunlun Pass area was influenced by the Kunlun–Yellow River Tectonic Movement 1.1–0.6 Ma BP. The Wangkun Glaciation (0.7–0.5 Ma) is the maximum Quaternary glaciation in the Pass and in other areas of the Plateau. During the glaciation, the area of the glaciers was 3–5 times larger than that of the present glacier in the Pass area. There was no Xidatan Valley that time. The extreme geomorphic changes in the Kunlun Pass area reflect an abrupt uplift of the Tibet Plateau during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. This uplift of the Plateau has significance on both the Plateau itself and the surrounding area.     

Mobility of a remobilised parabolic dune in Kennemerland, The Netherlands

A parabolic dune in the Netherlands was remobilised in December 1998 by removing vegetation and soil. The main aim of the experiment was ecological: to investigate whether permanent rejuvenation at the landscape scale is possible by restoration of natural processes. If processes can be reactivated at coarse scale, periodic rejuvenation of the landscape over the long term is possible, without the need for managers to interfere further. The experiment provides the opportunity to address another important question: can large parabolic dunes in the Netherlands be mobile in the present climate? Mobility of the dune is investigated by means of erosion pins, aerial photography and measurement of cross sections. Activity indices are derived from erosion pin recordings and correlated to weather conditions. From 1999 to 2001, displacement of the dune ranged from 0 to 12 m in east–northeasterly direction. Activity of the dune is related to wind conditions, but the relationship is strongly influenced by precipitation and therefore differs for wet and dry periods. Periods with extreme wind speeds resulted in much less geomorphic change than expected.     

干旱区绿洲景观尺度稳定性初步分析

在景观尺度上,从绿洲景观多样性、景观廊道的复杂性以及土地利用及其生态环境效应等方面探讨了绿洲景观稳定性的内涵,并对新疆三工河流域绿洲进行实例分析和应用。结果表明：(1)人工绿洲景观的稳定需要绿洲景观的多样性逐渐降低和景观廊道的复杂性增加;但天然绿洲的稳定需要增加景观的多样性和景观廊道的复杂性。(2)人工绿洲景观稳定性还可从绿洲土地利用变化方面分析,绿洲土地利用变化是人类投入大量负熵的结果,投入的负熵越多,绿洲土地利用程度越高,越有利于绿洲从低级的亚稳定状态不断向高级稳定态发展,从而实现绿洲可持续发展。但人类的投入并不总是有利于绿洲的稳定,可用土地废弃比例的变化,说明人类投入对绿洲生态环境和稳定性造成的影响,土地废弃的比例越高,绿洲生态环境的质量也就越低,绿洲的稳定性也就越低。(3)通过绿洲景观多样性、景观廊道的复杂性和土地利用状况综合评判,1978～1998期间三工河流域绿洲景观及其各部分的稳定性逐步提高。