蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩主要出露于青山群八亩地组和方戈庄组中。火山岩SiO₂含量为53.71%~69.08%,主要为安山质岩石和流纹岩,以钙碱性系列为主(σ平均3.42);富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素;具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t)=0.7051~0.7110,ε_Nd(t)=-5.16~-16.4)。根据MgO含量和Mg^﹟值,可将安山质火山岩划分为高镁(Mg^﹟>60)和低镁(Mg^﹟<60)两个系列。高镁安山质岩石的MgO、Cr、Ni及不相容元素的含量明显高于低镁安山质岩石,且具有相对高的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t)和较低的ε_Nd(t)值,Sr-Nd同位素组成趋向于EMⅡ型富集地幔端元。低镁安山质岩石地球化学特征类似于埃达克岩,其同位素组成介于EMⅠ型富集地幔端元与华北麻粒岩相下地壳之间。流纹岩具有较低的MgO、Cr、Ni含量和明显的负Eu、Sr异常,同位素组成类似于扬子中、上地壳。研究表明,蒙阴盆地高镁安山质岩石由曾遭受俯冲扬子陆壳熔体改造的华北岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成,且岩浆在上升 过程中经历了华北下地壳物质一定程度的混染或混合作用;低镁安山质岩石主要由华北下地壳部分熔融形成;流纹岩为岩石圈伸展减薄背景下仰冲至华北克拉通之上的扬子中、上地壳部分熔融的产物。地质现象显示,郯庐断裂带的伸展活动控制着蒙阴断陷盆地的发育,与蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩的成因有着密切的联系,在华北克拉通破坏中可能起到了重要的作用。     

郯庐断裂带东侧滁州盆地早白垩世高镁埃达克质火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

郯庐断裂带东侧滁州盆地内晚中生代火山岩以安山岩为主。本文对其中3件样品中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS测年,获得年龄分别为128±3Ma、128±2Ma、128±2Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。火山岩Si O_2含量为60.48%~66.20%,富钠、富碱(σ=2.34~4.97),属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。岩石均富集Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素。样品具有高的Sr(944×10~(-6)~1213×10~(-6))含量及高Sr/Y(80.0~113)和(La/Yb)N(23.8~29.7)比值,低Yb(0.70×10~(-6)~0.92×10~(-6))和Y(8.84×10~(-6)~11.8×10~(-6))含量,且Mg O(2.39%~3.48%)和Mg~#(43~61)较高,表明其具有高镁埃达克质岩的特征。火山岩(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i变化范围为0.70564~0.70579,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-15.7~-14.0,全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成与大别晚中生代加厚下地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆岩的特征相类似。滁州火山岩中锆石具有较高的氧逸度(Ce4+/Ce3+=38~1260,Eu/Eu*=0.68~1.20)和较低的锆石Ti温度(613~728℃),暗示滁州火山岩形成于相对高氧逸度和低温条件下,类似于长江中下游地区(LYRB),明显不同于郯庐断裂带南段(STLF)。受古太平洋板块俯冲流体/熔体交代改造的滁州盆地岩石圈地幔,具有含水、高氧逸度的性质。岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融形成含水、高氧逸度的岩浆,并与下扬子含金红石和石榴子石加厚下地壳部分熔融产生的岩浆混合,从而形成滁州盆地早白垩世高镁埃达克质火山岩。     

沂沭断裂带高桥盆地早白垩世火山岩的地球化学及岩石成因

沂沭断裂带内高桥盆地早白垩世火山岩SiO2含量为51.97%～68.94%;由玄武粗安岩、 粗面岩和流纹岩组成;都属于碱性岩。岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素;相对亏损Nb、 Ta、 Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素;并具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。钾质粗面岩具有高稀土Cr、 Ni含量、 La/Yb、Sr/Y和Th/U高比值;这类似于华北克拉通东南缘早白垩世富集岩石圈来源的基性岩（如方城玄武岩、 沂南辉长岩）;其可能主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融。与之相比;钠质玄武粗安岩具有低Cr、 Ni含量 、 87Sr/86Sr（t）、 Th/U和高εNd（t）值;表明它可能由岩石圈地幔熔体与软流圈物质混合而成。沂沭断裂带高桥盆地火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展背景下;沂沭断裂带的活动可能诱使软流圈物质的上涌;导致岩石圈地幔升温发生部分熔融;并为软流圈物质的上升提供了通道。     

沂沭断裂带北段早白垩世高钾钙碱性火山岩地球化学特征与岩石成因

沂沭断裂带内发育了大量的中生代火山岩,其成因研究对剖析断裂带活动规律具有重要意义。本文对断裂带北段潍坊、安丘、鄌郚地区中生代火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。探讨了沂沭断裂带中生代火山岩成因及其形成的地球动力学过程。断裂带北段火山岩年龄集中在131~124Ma之间,喷发于早白垩世。岩石为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩,包括玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩、英安岩。火山岩富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。稀土元素含量高（∑REE=140.5×10^-6~433.1×10^-6）,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土（∑LREE/∑HREE=9.8~31.0）,无明显的Eu负异常。火山岩具有富集且变化范围较大的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.708054~0.711692,ε_Nd（t）值为-15.3~-7.4,（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=17.213~17.962,（²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=15.425~15.590,（²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=37.597~38.365。研究表明,高钾钙碱性火山岩的源区与区域基性岩源区一致,均为富集岩石圈地幔。玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩经基性岩浆分离结晶作用形成,英安岩则遭受了华北下地壳强烈混染。三叠纪末期,由于扬子板块向华北克拉通俯冲,扬子地壳析出的流体/熔体交代了华北古老岩石圈地幔,形成富集岩石圈地幔。早白垩世,受古太平洋板块俯冲和后撤作用,富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆,岩浆在上升过程中发生分离结晶作用,受沂沭断裂深切作用影响,部分地区遭受华北下地壳混染,最终形成区内各类高钾钙碱性火山岩。

     

Multistage evolution of a volcanic suite in the Eastern Mecsek Mountains, Southern Hungary

Summary This paper proposes a magmagenetic model for the Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocksuite from the Eastern Mecsek Mountains in Southern Hungary based on both major and trace element analysis as well as mineralogical investigations.Trace element patterns of these volcanic rocks refer to a parental melt that originated from a re-enriched mantle. Relatively low Cr, Ni, and Mg# even in the least fractionated olivine-clinopyroxene basalts indicate fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene prior to the ascent ofolivine-clinopyroxene basaltic magmas which is evident by glomeroporphyritic clinoproxenes with forsterite-rich olivines. Subsequent fractionation of some more 35% of the olivine-clinopyroxene basaltic magma resulted in the formation ofplagioclase basaltic magmas which are devoid of olivine. Instead plagioclase and opaques became the dominant crystallizing phases. After about 60% fractionationmugearites formed from the residual melt. These are depleted in Ni and Cr as well as in Fe, Ti, and V indicating the fractionation of additional Fe-Ti oxides.Tephriphonolitic dike-rocks formed by further fractionation totalling 70–80%, with apatite and feldspar as additional fractionating phases. Finally, thephonolites represent 15–20% residuum of the olivine-clinopyroxene basaltic melt which these calculations started with. They are characterized by strong depletion of Ti and V and all compatible elements; Zr/Hf ratios increase due to clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxide fractionation, P and middle rare earth elements are depleted due to apatite fractionation, and Sr, Ba, and Eu are depleted due to feldspar fractionation. Incompatible trace elements such as rare earth elements, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Rb reach maximum concentrations in the phonolites, yet their distribution patterns resemble still those of olivine-clinopyroxene basalts confirming their cogenetic relationship.The suggested crystallization sequence of olivine + clinopyroxene Fe-Ti oxides plagioclase indicates a high-pressure regime (> 5Kbar) in the magma chamber. Corroded and rimmed clinopyroxene-phenocrysts and the comparison of rims with matrix minerals suggest stepwise pressure release due to adiabatic ascent of magma batches and crystallization under varying conditions.The rocks are classified as within-plate alkali basalts and their fractionation products. Magma genesis is suggested to have been triggered by rifting of the passive European continental margin. Consequent compression indicated by uplift and erosion of the surface, however, prohibited the bulk magma from further ascent causing high-pressure fractionation with only small magma batches reaching the surface.

---

Mehrphasige Entwicklung der Magmenabfolge im östlichen Mecsek-Gebirge, Süd- Ungarn

Zusammenfassung Anhand von Haupt- und Spurenelementanalysen sowie mineralogischen Untersuchungen wird ein magmagenetisches Modell für die Abfolge der Vulkanite im östlichen Mecsek-Gebirge (Süd-Ungarn) vorgeschlagen.Spurenelementverteilungsmuster dieser Vulkanite weisen auf eine Ausgangsschmelze aus einem wiederangereicherten Mantel hin. Relativ niedrige Cr- und Ni-Gehalte und niedrige Mg#, selbst in den am wenigsten fraktionierten Olivin Clinopyroxen-Basalten, zeigen eine Fraktionierung derOlivin-Klinopyroxen-basaltischen Magmen noch vor deren Aufstieg an, was durch glomerophyrische Klinopyroxene mit Forsterit-reichen Olivinen bestätigt wird. Die folgende Fraktionierung von weiteren 35% des Olivin-Klinopyroxen-basaltischen Magmas führte zuPlagioklas-basaltischen Magmen, die Olivin-frei sind. Statt Olivin wurden Plagioklas und Erzphasen die vorherrschenden kristallisierenden Phasen. Nach etwa 60% Fraktionierung bildeten sich aus der RestschmelzeMugearite. Diese sind an Ni und Cr sowie an Fe, Ti und V verarmt, was auf die zusätzliche Fraktionierung von Fe-Ti Oxiden zurückgeführt wird.Tephriphonolith-Gänge bildeten sich durch weitere Fraktionierung (70–80%), wobei Apatit und Feldspat als fraktionierende Phasen zunehmend wichtiger wurden. DiePhonolithe repräsentieren eine Restschmelze von 15–20% bezogen auf die Olivin-Clinopyroxenbasaltische Schmelze, die den Berechnungen zugrunde liegt. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine starke Verarmung an allen kompatiblen Elementen sowie Ti and V, durch steigende Zr/Hf-Verhältnisse aufgrund von Klinopyroxen- und Fe-Ti-Oxid-Fraktionierung, durch Verarmung an P und mittleren Seltenerdelementen durch Apatit-Fraktionierung und durch eine Abnahme von Sr, Ba und Eu durch Fraktionierung von Feldspäten aus. Inkompatible Spurenelemente wie die Seltenerdelemente, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta und Rb erreichen in den Phonolithen Höchstwerte. Ihre Verteilungsmuster ähneln jedoch noch immer jenen der Olivin-Klinopyroxen-Basalte, was ihre kogenetische Beziehung bestätigt.Die ermittelte Kristallisationsfolge Olivin + Clinopyroxen Fe - Ti - Oxide Plagioklas spricht für Drucke > 5 Kbar in der Magmenkammer. Korrodierte Clinopyroxen-Phänokristalle mit Anwachssäumen, sowie der Vergleich der Anwachssäume mit Matrixmineralen, sprechen für einen schrittweisen Druckabfall durch adiabatischen Aufstieg einzelner Magmenschübe und Kristallisation unter sich ändernden Bedingungen.Diese Gesteine werden als Intraplatten-Alkalibasalte und deren Fraktionierungsprodukte klassifiziert. Wahrscheinlich wurde die Magmenbildung durch Dehnung im passiven Kontinentalrand Europas ausgelöst. Nachfolgende Kompression, angezeigt durch Hebung und Erosion der Oberfläche, verhinderte jedoch den weiteren Aufstieg der Magmen. Dies bewirkte eine Hochdruck-Fraktionierung, und nur kleine Magmenschübe konnten die Oberfläche erreichen.

     

松辽盆地南部早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其成因

对松辽盆地南部早白垩世火石岭组和营城组火山岩进行的岩石地球化学研究表明,火石岭组火山岩主要以玄武质粗面安山岩和粗安岩为主,存在少量粗面英安岩,其Si O2=53.8%~68.6wt%、K2O+Na2O=7.70%~9.59%、Mg#=26.72~33.89,以富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(LILEs,如Rb、Ba、Th、U等),亏损重稀土和高场强元素(HFSEs,如Nb、Ta、Ti、P等)为特征,这些特征与俯冲带火山岩类似。营城组火山岩以流纹岩为主,存在少量的玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩和英安岩,基性端元具有低硅(Si O2=49.3%~56.6%)、低碱(K2O+Na2O=4.57%~6.60%)、富镁(Mg#=33.49~59.51)的特征,主要属于钙碱性系列,暗示其原始岩浆主要来源于地幔;酸性端元的Si O2=65.4%~74.9%,K2O+Na2O=3.23%~7.75%,低镁(Mg#=21.76~39.18)。营城组火山岩稀土配分型式呈右倾型,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土和高场强元素,与俯冲环境火山岩相似。其中,营城组流纹岩地球化学特征类似A型花岗岩,暗示形成于伸展环境。结合区域研究成果,认为松辽盆地南部早白垩世火山岩的形成与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下的俯冲作用有关。火石岭组火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘环境,营城组火山岩的形成与岩石圈拆沉作用引发的伸展背景有关。     

非洲乍得盆地火山岩地球化学特征及成因

钻井揭示了乍得盆地中新生代有大量玄武岩喷发,主要为橄榄拉斑玄武岩,少数为石英拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,乍得盆地玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,且未受到陆壳物质的混染;岩石明显富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf具正异常。晚白垩世玄武岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i比值（0.704167~0.706564）高于古近纪玄武岩（0.703545~0.705380）,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i比值（0.512451~0.512703）低于古近纪玄武岩（0.512690~0.512847）;晚白垩世玄武岩ε_Nd(t)u值变化范围较大（-1.4~3.5）,且明显低于古近纪玄武岩（2.6~5.6）。两者具有相似的Pb同位素比值,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.14~18.96,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.56~15.62,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.33~38.88。乍得盆地玄武岩主要来自于亏损地幔DM和富集地幔EMⅡ两种端元组分混合产生的,石榴石橄榄岩的母熔体可能是本区玄武岩产生的源区,是地幔高度部分熔融的结果（15%左右）。乍得盆地玄武岩的地幔组份随时间的演化可能与中生代以来中、西非地区软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄作用密切相关。     

七宝山早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

七宝山晚中生代火山岩位于郯庐断裂带山东段管帅盆地东缘,出露于青山群八亩地组中。本文通过对火山岩样品TYS48和TYS52中锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb测年,获得其年龄分别为120.1±0.6Ma和118.5±1.1 Ma,显示该区火山岩为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。研究区火山岩SiO2含量为56.02％～66.45％,富钠、富碱、偏碱性（σ平均为4.01）,为一套高钾钙碱性系列的火山岩。与区内埃达克质岩相比,除TYS49样品外,其余样品均具有较低的MgO含量为（0.52％～2.02％）和Mg#（16～42）。地球化学特征显示,火山岩富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土元素,具有弱的Eu负异常（δEu平均为0.85）; 具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成：87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7084～0.7098,εNd(t)=-20.4～-16.2,206Pb/204Pb(t)=16.44～17.19,207Pb/204Pb(t)=15.39～15.47, 208Pb/204Pb(t)=36.82～37.65。研究表明,在郯庐断裂带伸展活动和岩石圈减薄背景之下,软流圈物质上涌使得地温升高而造成下地壳部分熔融,熔融的下地壳与岩石圈地幔相互作用形成了七宝山火山岩。断裂带的存在与活动,对华北克拉通可能具有破坏作用,使得岩石圈的稳定性和整体性遭到破坏,从而成为华北岩石圈减薄中的有利位置。     

七宝山早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

七宝山晚中生代火山岩位于郯庐断裂带山东段管帅盆地东缘,出露于青山群八亩地组中.本文通过对火山岩样品TYS48和TYS52中锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb测年,获得其年龄分别为120.1±0.6 Ma和118.5±1.1 Ma,显示该区火山岩为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物.研究区火山岩SiO2含量为56.02％～66.45％...     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Kuril island arc

Newly obtained precise analytical data on trace elements and radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes testify to anomalous geochemical characteristics of mafic and intermediate Quaternary lavas in Paramushir (in the north of the Kuril arc), Kunashir and Iturup (in the south) islands, which are the largest three islands of the Kuril island arc. The high K and LREE concentrations in the volcanic products in Paramushir Island resulted from the southward expansion of the mantle thermal anomaly of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the involvement of melts related to the melting of oceanic sediments in magma generation. The depleted characteristics of the mafic volcanics are explained by the relatively young tectono-magmatic events during the opening of the Kuril backarc basin. The Kuril island-arc system developed on a heterogeneous basement. The northern islands are a continuation of the volcanic structures of southern Kamchatka, which were formed above an isotopically depleted and hot lithospheric mantle domain of composition close to that of the Pacific MORB type. The southern islands were produced above an isotopically enriched and cold lithospheric domain of the Indian-Ocean MORB type, which was modified in relation to relatively young backarc tectono-magmatic processes. Although issues related to the genesis of the transverse geochemical zoning were beyond the originally formulated scope of our research, the homogeneous enough isotopic composition of the rear-arc lavas in the absence of any mineralogical and geochemical lines of evidence of crustal contamination suggests an independent magmatic source.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of late proterozoic volcanic rocks from north-western Africa

The Upper Proterozoic volcanism of northwestern Africa is characterized by the predominance of calc-alkaline rocks. Volcanics with tholeiitic affinities and alkali basalts are rare. The geochemistry and the relative proportions of calc-alkaline rocktypes in the Silet zone (Algeria) and the Ouarzazate formation (Morocco) are similar to those of recent island arc suites where basalts are most abundant while in the Tassendjanet and Gara Akofo zones (Algeria) they resemble contintal margin volcanic suites with a predominance of andesites. The volcanic rocks have undergone low-grade metamorphism which strongly affected alkali and alkali-earth elements and also to a smaller degree, the less mobile elements such as REE, Zr, Hf, Nb, and P. The geochemistry of the calc-alkaline rocks point to a complex origin involving low-pressure fractional crystallization, crustal contamination and derivation from a source already enriched in LILE.     

西乡群三郎铺组和大石沟组火山岩U-Pb定年及岩石成因研究

三郎铺组不整合上覆于孙家河组之上,与大石沟组呈连续过渡关系,两者均为一套火山沉积岩系。三郎铺组火山岩主要为玄武岩和流纹岩,大石沟组火山岩包括玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩。大石沟组流纹岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示流纹岩形成时代为803.0±5.3Ma,属新元古代岩浆作用产物。元素地球化学和三郎铺组特有的陆相火山岩结构表明火山岩形成大陆板内伸展环境,属亚碱性火山岩系。三郎铺组玄武岩和流纹岩组成双峰式火山岩套,微量元素比值对模拟结果表明玄武岩浆来源于岩石圈地幔中原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融,部分熔融程度约为7%; 三郎铺组流纹岩浆源岩可能为白勉峡组下部的玄武质岩石,岩浆起源于斜长石稳定的下地壳源区或部分熔融形成的原生岩浆在上升过程中,经历了较为显著的斜长石结晶分异作用过程。大石沟组玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩具有相同的微量元素比值、ε(t)值和t_DM,为同一母岩浆分离结晶的产物。玄武岩浆起源于原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩约10%的部分熔融,玄武岩浆分离结晶后残余岩浆比例约70%时形成安山岩浆,残余岩浆比例约20%~30%时产生流纹岩浆; 分离结晶的主要矿物包括斜长石和铁钛氧化物。三郎铺组和大石沟组均是新元古代晚期大陆裂谷作用的岩浆响应。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks of the Neoarchaean Sukumaland Greenstone Belt, northwestern Tanzania

The late Archaean volcanic rocks of the Rwamagaza area in the Sukumaland Greenstone Belt consists of basalts and basaltic andesites associated with volumetrically minor rhyodacites and rhyolites. Most basalts and basaltic andesites yield nearly flat patterns (La/Sm_CN = 0.89–1.34) indicating derivation by partial melting of the mantle at relatively low pressure outside the garnet stability field. On primitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams, the basalts and basaltic andesites can be subdivided into two groups. The first group is characterised by moderately negative Nb anomalies (Nb/La_pm = 0.51–0.73, mean = 0.61 ± 0.08) with slight enrichment of LREE relative to both Th and HREE. The second group is characterised by nearly flat patterns with no Nb anomalies (Nb/La_pm = 0.77 ± 0.39). The observed Nb and Th anomalies in the Rwamagaza basalts and basaltic andesites, cannot be explained by alteration, crustal contamination or melt–solid equilibria. Rather, the anomalies are interpreted, on the basis of Nb–Th–La–Ce systematics, as having formed by partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle consisting of variable mixtures of components derived from two distinct sources. These sources are depleted mantle similar to that generating modern MORB and an LREE-enriched and HFSE-depleted source similar to that feeding volcanism along modern convergent margins.The rhyolites are characterised by high Na₂O/K₂O ratios (>1) and Al₂O₃ (>15 wt.%), low HREE contents (Yb = 0.24–0.68 ppm) leading to highly fractionated REE patterns (La/Yb_CN = 18.4–54.7) and large negative Nb anomalies (Nb/La_pm = 0.11–0.20), characteristics that are typical of Cenozoic adakites and Archaean TTG which form by partial melting of the hydrated basaltic crust at pressures high enough to stabilize garnet ± amphibole. The Rwamagaza basalts and basaltic andesites are geochemically analogous to the Phanerozoic Mariana Trough Back Arc Basin Basalts and the overall geochemical diversity of Rwamagaza volcanic rocks is interpreted in terms of a geodynamic model involving the interaction of a depleted mantle, a melting subducting oceanic slab in a back arc setting.     

西昆仑山中元古代长城系火山岩地球化学

西昆仑山长城系塞拉加兹塔格群为一套火山-沉积岩组合,其火山岩主体为基性岩,在顶部出现少量酸性富Na的流纹英安岩。基性火山岩SiO2=47.77%～49.56%,Na2O K2O=4.64%～5.42%,Na2O/K2O=2.32～8.46,ΣREE=74.29×10-6～137.35×10-6La/YbN=6.5～10.0La/SmN=2.35～2.91微量元素经N-MORB标准化后的配分模式与板内碱性-拉斑玄武岩的相近多种不相容元素HFSE比值及相应的图解表明玄武岩形成于大陆板内裂解背景。酸性火山岩SiO2=70.01%～72.72%Na2O K2O=7.83%～8.27%ΣREE=402.97×10-6～826.55×10-6,(La/Yb)N=11.58～30.68,(La/Sm)N=5.1～10.5,δEu为0.31～0.32,稀土配分模式具有A型花岗岩特征。火山岩的沉积学、地球化学特征综合分析显示火山岩形成于大陆裂解背景。     

南秦岭耀岭河群裂谷型火山岩锆石U—Pb年代学

南秦岭耀岭河群以变质基性火山岩为主,夹少量酸性火山岩和碎屑岩。基性火山岩和凝灰岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为808Ma±6Ma和746Ma±2Ma,表明耀岭河群主体形成于南华纪,西峡-淅川一带所谓的“武当岩群”明显年轻于中元古代武当岩群,应该属于耀岭河群。耀岭河群大陆裂谷型火山岩是全球Rodinia超大陆在新元古代晚期南华纪裂解过程中的产物,反映秦岭造山带和Rodinia超大陆的形成演化密切相关。     

大兴安岭中部柴河——蘑菇气地区早白垩世中性火山岩岩石成因及构造背景

大兴安岭中部柴河—蘑菇气地区早白垩世中性火山岩岩相学研究表明,其主要岩石组合为安山岩、英安岩、安山质晶屑凝灰熔岩、凝灰角砾熔岩等,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示其形成于140~130Ma之间。岩石主量元素具有富钾钠、富铝,贫镁的特点,属高钾钙碱性岩石。相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,无明显的Eu异常,微量元素主要富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、K、LREE)和Ba、Sr元素,亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、P、Ti)。地球化学特征指示,这些早白垩世中性火山岩来源于新元古代和古生代期间新增生的下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,并可能受到早先俯冲事件带来的流体的影响,形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合陆壳加厚之后的岩石圈伸展环境。     

特提斯喜马拉雅带中段东部三叠纪火山岩的地球化学和岩石成因

三叠纪火山岩分布于特提斯喜马拉雅带中段东部,古地理上位于大印度北东部.分别采用原子吸收分光度法、ICP-MS和全岩同位素稀释法对三叠纪火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素进行了分析,并用来研究其成分特征和成因.岩相学和地球化学指标显示三叠纪火山岩为玄武岩,MgO含量均很低（范围在4.27%～7.72%）,属于演化岩浆.早三叠世热马组和中三叠世桑康组具有较高的TiO2、TFeO和P2O5含量,稀土元素总量和轻重稀土元素的分馏程度均较高,Ti/V、Ti/Y、Zr/Y比值较高,富集高场强元素（如Nb、Zr等）,地球化学特征与峨眉山高Ti玄武岩相似,以更富集La、Ce、Zr、Hf等元素而有别于夏威夷碱性玄武岩,它们属大陆边缘裂谷背景的具有OIB型地球化学特征的碱性玄武岩;晚三叠世涅如组玄武岩以较低TiO2、TFeO和P2O5含量为特征,稀土元素总量和轻重稀土分馏程度均较低,高场强元素（如Nb、Zr等）丰度很低,为大陆边缘裂谷背景的具有E-MORB地球化学特征的拉斑玄武岩.三叠纪玄武岩Nd同位素组成随时间从轻度富集到亏损（εNd（t）=-1.2→-0.5→4.4）,指示岩浆源区具有从轻度富集到亏损的演化趋势.不相容元素（如La/Sm、La/Ta以及（Th/Ta）PM、（La/Nb）PM等）指示热马组和桑康组玄武岩遭受了一定程度下地壳混染,而涅如组没有遭受地壳混染.热马组和桑康组玄武岩还显示岩石圈地幔物质的印记,并与石榴石相二辉橄榄岩的低度部分熔融有关,而涅如组玄武岩除了具有E-MORB特征外,还与尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩的较高程度部分熔融有关.它们被解释为上涌的软流圈地幔物质与岩石圈地幔物质混合后在不同程度的拉张背景下发生减压熔融的产物.特提斯喜马拉雅带的三叠纪裂谷作用很可能具有主动裂谷作用的性质,较小规模的火山岩浆作用可用裂谷带之下上涌的地幔物质由于传导作用而变冷或正在孕育的地幔柱成因模式来解释.     

南秦岭早古生代碱性岩地球化学特征及其成因机制：研究进展与展望

南秦岭地区在早古生代经历了大规模且持续性的碱性岩浆活动,其丰富的碱性岩石记录为探索深部地幔物质组成、壳内岩浆演化过程以及地球动力学演化机制提供了珍贵的地质载体。文章基于团队近期对于区域上典型碱性岩的地球化学分析结果和成因机制探讨,旨在对南秦岭早古生代碱性岩浆的源区和演化过程进行全面地约束。南秦岭早古生代碱性岩石类型主要包括一套成分从碱性玄武质向粗面质变化,呈双峰式分布的碱性火山- 侵入岩组合,以及少量与碱性硅酸岩（角闪辉石岩、正长岩）- 碳酸岩共生杂岩体。岩相学、年代学和地球化学证据显示这些碱性岩具有相同的地幔源区,其中演化程度较低的镁铁质端元记录了南秦岭早古生代交代岩石圈地幔的部分熔融事件,交代介质主要为硅酸盐熔体。演化程度较高的碱性岩端元（粗面- 正长岩、碳酸岩）来源于初始镁铁质组分的岩浆分异过程,其中粗面- 正长岩类主要受到以长石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用控制。中生代热液交代过程主要记录在北大巴山东部和武当地块西南缘的早古生代碱性岩体中,热液交代作用促进了碳酸岩杂岩体中稀土元素的富集成矿。副矿物年代学和独居石Nd同位素特征反映了热液可能形成于岩体本身的再活化事件,晚三叠世秦岭地区的造山运动可能对此过程具有促进作用。     

青藏高原北部可可西里地区新生代钾质火山岩地球化学特征及成因

青藏高原北部可可西里地区分布的中新世钾质火山岩(7.77～17.82Ma)主要为粗面安山岩、粗面岩和少量次火山相的流纹斑岩.主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,该套钾质火山岩强烈富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb-Ta-Ti元素,具有较高的87Sr/86Sr:0.707346～0.714915,较低的εNd值:-3.70～-6.97,和较高的放射性成因Pb同位素组成(207Pb/204Pb=15.65～15.76,208Pb/204Pb=38.98～39.35,206Pb/207Pb=18.67～18.78).上述特征指示岩浆源区可能是与古俯冲消减物质有关的EMⅡ型富集地幔.三大岩类的地球化学成分变异表明:该钾质火山岩系列是富集地幔(金云母-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和金云母-石榴石二辉橄榄岩)低度部分熔融产生的母岩浆经过较强结晶分异形成的,其中流纹斑岩在岩浆后期可能经历了更为复杂的地壳混染和结晶分异过程.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in East Junggar,North Xinjiang: Implications for post-collisional magmatism and geodynamic process

Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Batamayineishan Formation overlie unconformably the molasse deposits and the ophiolitic mélanges and are restricted in narrow zones along both sides of the Kalamaili orogenic belt in North Xinjiang, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. These rocks demonstrate the post-collisional setting in East Junggar commenced in Tournaisian and also mark an important transitional period from the final amalgamation to late Paleozoic voluminous juvenile granitoids in East Junggar. The volcanic rocks are composed of basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyte and rhyolite. Both mafic and felsic rocks are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements, light rare earth elements and depletion in Nb and Ta, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and high, positive ɛ_Nd(t). Three groups of mafic rocks have been identified: Shoshonitic group 1 has the highest MgO, CaO, Ni and Cr and the lowest Na₂O, Al₂O₃, La, Ba, La/Yb and Ba/Th with primary magma features; group 2 calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline mafic rocks have the lowest K₂O, P₂O₅, Th and Th/Nb, and the highest TiO₂; and group 3 (shoshonitic to potassic alkaline) has the highest K₂O, P₂O₅, La, Ba, La/Yb and Th/Nb, and the lowest TiO₂. The A-type-like felsic rocks were derived from the differentiation of the mafic magma. Geological and geochemical evidences indicate that the Batamayineishan Formation was generated from the process of slab breakoff (detachment). Group 1 samples are produced by decompressional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere mainly composed of spinel and garnet (50:50) lherzolite which has been enriched by overlying metasomatized lithosphere during ascent. Group 2 is derived from 5–10% partial melting of shallower spinel-bearing lithospheric mantle induced by the hot rising asthenosphere, where the contribution of slab-derived fluid is predominant. Low partial melting (3–5%) of the mantle wedge and/or thickened lithospheric mantle enriched by slab-derived components generates group 3. Slab breakoff as an important geodynamic process accounts for the post-collisional magmatism between 343.5 Ma–330 Ma, providing a model for post-collisional crust–mantle interaction in the CAOB.