Early Permian plutons from the northern North China Block: constraints on continental arc evolution and convergent margin magmatism related to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Recent zircon dating identified several late Carboniferous to early Permian hornblende gabbro–diorite–quartz diorite–granodiorite–tonalite–granite plutons in lithological assemblages at the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) that were previously regarded as Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic. Our geochronological results indicate that emplacement of these plutons was a continuous process during the late Carboniferous to early Permian, from 324 ± 6 to 274 ± 6 Ma, and lasted for at least 50 Ma. In this paper, the early Permian components with compositions from gabbro to granite within the intrusive complex were studied. The early Permian plutons exhibit calc-alkaline or high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous geochemical features and highly variable SiO₂ contents. They have no significant Eu anomaly in their REE patterns, and in primitive-mantle-normalized spidergrams they display depletion in Th, U, Nb, Ta, P and Ti, and enrichment in Ba, K, Pb and Sr. The granitoid bodies within these plutons display I-type and adakitic geochemical signatures. The early Permian rocks exhibit low whole-rock initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0.70520 to 0.70615 and have negative whole-rock ε _Nd(t) values ranging from −17.4 to −9.3 and zircon ε _Hf(t) values of −23.2 to −10.5. The gabbros exhibit higher ε _Nd(t) values from −11.1 to −9.3 and ε _Hf(t) values from −16.5 to −10.5, and one granodiorite exhibits an even lower ε _Nd(t) value of −17.4 and zircon ε _Hf(t) values of −23.2 to −15.1. Geochemical, Sr–Nd and in situ zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggest that the hornblende gabbros were derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle, and the diorite and quartz diorite were generated from a gabbroic magma by fractional crystallization, coupled with differential assimilation of ancient lower crustal material. The granodiorite was likely derived from partial melting of ancient lower crust with involvement of some mantle components. Involvement of both lithospheric mantle and ancient lower crust in the generation of the early Permian plutons indicates strong crust–mantle interaction in the northern NCB. Petrological associations as well as geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic results show that the early Permian plutons were emplaced along an Andean-type active continental margin during southward subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the NCB. Integration of our results with previously published data for late Carboniferous and late Permian to middle Triassic intrusions suggests that the continental arc on the northern margin of the NCB existed for at least 50 Ma during the late Palaeozoic, and final amalgamation of the Mongolian arc terranes with the northern NCB likely occurred during a period from ~270 to ~250 Ma, i.e, in the late Permian to earliest Triassic.     

中祁连党河南山-木里地区早古生代火山-沉积岩系锆石U-Pb年代学、物源示踪及其地质意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

造山带内与板块俯冲-碰撞过程相关的一系列沉积盆地对于重建造山带演化历史具有重要意义。本文以党河南山-木里地区早古生代火山-沉积岩系为研究对象,对其开展沉积序列、锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素及碎屑物源综合分析,研究结果表明:(1)该火山-沉积岩系从底部吾力沟组到中部盐池湾组,整体上表现为弧后盆地的演化特征,顶部多索曲组具有向前陆盆地演化的特征;(2)获得吾力沟组玄武安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为472±10Ma,限定盐池湾组和多索曲组沉积时代分别为467~450Ma和450~440Ma;(3)盐池湾组碎屑锆石年龄谱系和锆石ε;(t)组成说明盐池湾组碎屑物质主要来源于中祁连岩浆弧;而多索曲组的早古生代碎屑物质主要来源于伴生的火山岩或南祁连花岗岩,前寒武纪碎屑物质主要来自于中祁连。综合分析与汇聚板块边缘相关的沉积盆地特征和前人研究资料,本文认为党河南山-木里地区的早古生代火山-沉积岩系可能形成于弧后盆地及其闭合过程的前陆盆地环境。     

西南三江造山带早古生代岩浆事件及其对原特提斯大洋演化的响应

西南三江造山带由多条缝合带及其间多个大小不等的中间地块构成,大地构造位置处于欧亚板块和印度板块结合部位的特提斯构造域东段。在福贡县马吉乡古当河片麻状花岗岩、保山怒江坝镇西片麻岩、永德变质流纹岩、漕涧花岗岩岩体、西盟花岗片麻岩、澜沧基性-中基性火山岩中分别获得SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为465±5 Ma、512±7 Ma、510±16 Ma、441~457 Ma、454~456 Ma、456~459 Ma,结合前人的西南三江地区早古生代岩浆岩年龄数据,昌宁-孟连特提斯大洋东西两侧都有中—晚奥陶世侵入岩,岩石地球化学特征表明,侵入岩具岛弧特征。昌宁-孟连特提斯大洋西缘的保山地块内部及东部有寒武纪火山岩,具双峰式特征,为拉张环境形成,表明特提斯大洋在寒武纪还在扩张。至中奥陶世,构造体制开始转变,大洋板块向东、西两大陆开始俯冲,在其大陆边缘形成岛弧。     

西天山造山带晚古生代构造演化和成矿作用

西天山是我国重要的内生金属矿床集中区,其矿种包括有铜、镍、钼、铁、金、锌等,这些矿产在前寒武纪和显生宙的地质历史中分别形成了大量的成矿体系。通过对西天山成矿地质背景和成矿类型的研究,厘定了5种内生金属矿床类型：1）岩浆型铜镍矿床;2）斑岩铜钼矿床;3）火山岩型铁矿床;4）浅成低温热液型金矿床;5）造山型金铜矿床。典型矿床有菁布拉克铜镍矿床、达巴特铜钼矿床、喇嘛苏铜矿床、敦德铁锌矿床、备战铁矿床、阿希金矿、伊尔曼得金矿床和卡特巴阿苏金矿床等。从构造上看,这些矿床的发育与西天山造山带的增生和汇聚作用密切相关。矿床的形成经历了3个主要阶：早志留世,南天山洋北向俯冲于伊犁—中天山地块之下,形成与铜镍矿床有关的菁布拉克岩体;早-晚石炭世,由于北向俯冲作用,形成了斑岩型铜金矿床、低温热液型金矿床和火山岩型铁矿床;晚石炭世早期,南天山洋壳可能被消耗殆尽,导致了塔里木克拉通与南天山造山带的碰撞。大花岗岩体广泛分布于北天山增生楔和伊犁—中天山地块,并伴随造山型的金矿床形成。     

Mineralogical constraints on the origin of Neoproterozoic felsic intrusions,NW margin of the Yangtze Block,South China

Felsic intrusions in the Hannan region at the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block mainly include the ca. 730 Ma adakitic Erliba and Wudumen plutons and the ca. 760 Ma calcic-alkali Xixiang and Tianpinghe bodies. These four intrusions were considered to have been formed by melting of the newly formed lower mafic crust. However, the two generations of granitoids have different lithologies and mineral compositions. Thermobarometry calculations reveal that the Erliba and Wudumen granitoids formed under approximately similar emplacement pressures (2.96–3.11 kbar) and temperatures (787–789°C). The Xixiang emplaced body was intruded at high pressure (?3.54 kbar) and low temperature (?676°C), whereas the Tianpinghe pluton solidified at low pressure (?2.00 kbar) and high temperature (～747°C). The four intrusions have similar oxygen fugacity ranges near the nickel-nickel oxide buffer, suggesting oxidized parental magmas. The Erliba and Wudumen are estimated to have been generated under pressures higher than 12 kbar, the Xixiang under a pressure of >10 kbar, and the Tianpinghe under a pressure of >6 kbar. Thus, the petrology and geochemical differences among these four felsic intrusions probably mainly resulted from variations of depth and degrees of partial melting. The whole-rock and mineral compositions have arc affinities, suggesting that they were formed in an active continental margin.     

北祁连地区早古生代弧岩浆作用及变质作用事件:以门源-柯柯里地区为例

位于祁连地块北缘的门源-柯柯里杂岩体出露一套早古生代高级变质岩,其中长英质片麻岩的矿物组合以石榴子石+夕线石+黑云母+长石+石英为特征,变基性岩以石榴子石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+石英为特征,具有典型的高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相组合特征。岩相学观察、相平衡模拟和地质温压计估算结果显示门源地区石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和石榴角闪岩的峰期变质作用的温压条件分别为780℃、9.0kbar和790℃、8.4kbar。相平衡模拟揭示石榴黑云斜长片麻岩经历了近等压降温的逆时针P-T轨迹,可能反映了处于中地壳的岩石经历了与洋壳俯冲相关的弧岩浆岩和弧火山岩所带来大量的热所导致的高温变质及随后的等压冷却过程。锆石U-Pb定年显示门源-柯柯里地区2个高级变质岩的变质年龄和1个闪长岩的弧岩浆作用年龄分别为495±2Ma、493±3Ma和495±3Ma,表明门源-柯柯里一带共同经历了北祁连洋壳俯冲导致的500Ma左右的弧岩浆作用和变质作用。门源-柯柯里高温低压变质带和其北侧百经寺-清水沟一带出露的HP/LT变质岩组成了双变质带,并指示了北祁连洋早古生代时期的向南俯冲。     

南祁连哈拉湖地区早古生代岩浆侵入事件及其构造热演化历史SCIEI北大核心CSCD

南祁连增生杂岩带作为祁连造山带的构造单元之一,是研究祁连造山带与柴达木地块构造演化及二者耦合关系的关键地区,得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。前人对南祁连增生杂岩早古生代以来的构造热演化历史研究相对较少,且缺少相对准确的年代学数据约束。本文通过对南祁连增生杂岩带哈拉湖地区阿腊郭勒岩体二长花岗岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征、锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄测试及热历史模拟,并结合野外地质调查和构造演化特征,揭示南祁连增生杂岩带哈拉湖地区的构造热演化历史和山脉隆升过程。结果显示:(1)南祁连哈拉湖地区在中志留世发生一期岩浆侵入事件(425~429Ma),其形成的岩体具有壳源花岗岩特征,产出于同碰撞的构造环境,说明该期岩浆事件是与祁连洋洋壳俯冲结束后的柴北缘地区大陆碰撞过程中的岩浆活动有关;(2)该岩体经历了中志留世至晚泥盆世的岩浆侵位与快速冷却阶段以及晚泥盆世-侏罗纪的构造平稳与缓慢冷却阶段;(3)早白垩世以来的中低温冷却和快速隆升的构造热演化历史。此外,祁连山地区自始新世以来经历了多期与印度欧亚-板块碰撞有关的构造变形。     

祁连山新元古代中—晚期至早古生代火山作用与构造演化

祁连山地区的新元古代中—晚期至早古生代火山作用显示系统地时、空变化,其乃是祁连山构造演化的火山响应。随着祁连山构造演化从Rodinia超大陆裂谷化—裂解,经早古生代大洋打开、扩张、洋壳俯冲和弧后伸展,直至洋盆闭合、弧-陆碰撞和陆-陆碰撞,火山作用也逐渐从裂谷和大陆溢流玄武质喷发,经大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地火山活动,转变为碰撞后裂谷式喷发。850~604 Ma的大陆裂谷和大陆溢流熔岩主要分布于祁连和柴达木陆块。从大约550 Ma至446 Ma,在北祁连和南祁连洋-沟-弧-盆系中广泛发育大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地型熔岩。与此同时,在祁连陆块中部,发育约522~442 Ma的陆内裂谷火山作用。早古生代洋盆于奥陶纪末(约446 Ma)闭合。随后,从约445 Ma至约428 Ma,于祁连陆块北缘发育碰撞后火山活动。此种时-空变异对形成祁连山的深部地球动力学过程提供了重要约束。该过程包括:(1)地幔柱或超级地幔柱上涌,导致Rodinia超大陆发生裂谷化、裂解、早古生代大洋打开、扩张、俯冲,并伴随岛弧形成;(2)俯冲的大洋板片回转,致使弧后伸展,进而形成弧后盆地;(3)洋盆闭合、板片断离,继而发生软流圈上涌,诱发碰撞后火山活动。晚志留世至早泥盆世(420~400 Ma),先期俯冲的地壳物质折返,发生强烈的造山活动。400 Ma后,山体垮塌、岩石圈伸展,相应发生碰撞后花岗质侵入活动。     

Middle Paleozoic convergent orogenic belts in western Inner Mongolia (China): framework,kinematics, geochronology and implications for tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Based mainly on field geological observation and geochronologic data, six tectonic units have been recognized in western Inner Mongolia (China), including, from south to north: North China Craton (NCC), Southern Orogenic Belt (SOB), Hunshandake Block (HB), Northern Orogenic Belt (NOB), South Mongolia microcontinent (SMM), and Southern margin of Ergun Block (SME), suggesting that the tectonic framework of the CAOB in western Inner Mongolia is characterized by an accretion of different blocks and orogenic belts. The SOB includes, from north to south, fold belt, mélange, arc-pluton belt, and retroarc foreland basin, representing a southern subduction–collision system between the NCC and HB blocks during 500–440 Ma. The NOB consists also of four units: arc-pluton belt, mélange, foreland molasse basin, and fold belt, from north to south, representing a northern subduction–collision system between the HB and SMM blocks during 500–380 Ma. From the early Paleozoic, the Paleo-Asian oceanic domains subducted to the north and the south, resulting in the forming of the SOB and the NOB in 410 Ma and 380 Ma, respectively. This convergent orogenic system, therefore, constrained the consumption process of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in western Inner Mongolia. A double subduction–collision accretionary process is the dominant geodynamic feature for the eastern part of the CAOB during the early to middle Paleozoic.     

中祁连西段肃北、石包城地区早古生代花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对中祁连西段肃北、石包城地区花岗岩进行了精确的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学成分分析。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年表明,肃北岩体和石包城岩体侵位年龄均属早古生代,分别为415±3Ma和435±4Ma。地球化学分析表明,随着SiO2含量的增加,TiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Fe2O3、Mg#等的含量相应下降,这表明该套岩石是角闪石和斜长石的分离作用控制下岩浆分异的产物。肃北岩体稀土元素总量较高,∑REE介于118.7×10-6～202.2×10-6之间,轻稀土相对富集,(La/Yb)N=11.1～16.5,具微弱δEu异常。石包城岩体稀土元素总量较低,∑REE介于19.7×10-6～59.0×10-6之间,轻稀土相对富集,(La/Yb)N=6.68～44.8,δEu正异常而呈倒"V"型。岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Sr等,亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素以及P和Ti。在微量元素判别图解上,肃北岩体所有岩石投影点落后碰撞区域,石包城岩体的岩石投影点落在岛弧区。结合区域地质背景,石包城岩体可能产出于洋壳俯冲的岛弧环境,而肃北岩体是加里东造山作用晚期陆陆碰撞后的产物。     

塔里木盆地东北缘早古生代构造格局及演化

塔里木盆地东北缘构造带包括了新疆东天山及甘肃—内蒙北山广大地区。本区早古生代塔里木板块与哈萨克斯坦板块的对接带展布于由西段阿其克库都克断裂带向东与石板井—小黄山蛇绿混杂岩一线。晋宁运动(800 Ma)本区经历了广泛的岩浆热事件,西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块与塔里木板块曾一度合并到罗迪尼亚超大陆之上。南华—震旦纪古大陆解体,哈萨克斯坦板块及塔里木板块块断区以多岛群体弥散于古亚洲洋内。塔里木板块东段的陆缘区,震旦—寒武纪显示海湾型沉积区。奥陶纪沿花牛山—五峰山—帐房山一线裂解为裂谷带,晚奥陶世末前碰撞期岩浆活动导致裂谷关闭。早、中志留世,古亚洲洋洋壳板片沿着尾亚南—芨芨台子山—白云山—月牙山—洗肠井一线向南俯冲,构筑了公婆泉火山岛弧带及相匹配的红柳河—牛圈子—碱泉子弧后盆地。晚志留世的碰撞初期花岗岩浆运动极为活跃。泥盆纪进入主碰撞期,造山阶段的岩浆热事件波及到隆升中的造山带,在其南缘沉陷为火山-磨拉石前陆盆地。     

青藏高原东南缘滇西早古生代早期造山事件

野外观察、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素分析结果表明:青藏高原东南缘滇西芒市地区存在奥陶系底砾岩与前寒武-寒武系之间的地层不整合;龙江眼球状片麻岩锆石边部U-Pb年龄约为502 ～ 518Ma,代表原岩花岗岩结晶时代;继承性锆石核部具有与拉萨地体相似的年龄谱,说明早古生代早期腾冲地体与拉萨地体属于统一陆块;锆石边部具有负的、变化范围较大的εHf(t)值(-15.7 ～-2.0),结合眼球状片麻岩野外、岩相学特征及区域构造背景说明原岩花岗岩来源于古老地壳部分熔融,并伴随不同程度幔源物质的注入,可能为岩浆弧的一部分.综合野外观察及锆石同位素研究结果,明确了青藏高原东南缘存在早古生代早期造山事件.与喜马拉雅、拉萨、羌塘等地体的同一时代构造事件对比,认为青藏高原东南缘滇西地区早古生代早期造山带为形成在冈瓦纳大陆北缘的安第斯型造山带的一部分,为认识冈瓦纳大陆北缘早古生代演化提供新的证据.     

扬子板块北缘新元古代构造属性的岩浆事件制约

黄陵地区新元古代侵入杂岩可为研究扬子板块北缘新元古代构造演化过程及其深部动力学机制提供关键信息。依据岩石组合及分布特征,可将黄陵杂岩划分为黄陵庙岩套、三斗坪岩套、大老岭岩套和晓峰岩套四个单元。本文以黄陵杂岩的围岩崆岭杂岩中花岗片麻岩、黄陵庙黑云母花岗岩和三斗坪闪长岩为研究对象,在系统的野外地质和岩石学研究基础上,开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析。结果表明,崆岭杂岩花岗片麻岩原岩年龄为1978±13 Ma,且记录了2.5 Ga的构造-热事件。黄陵庙黑云母花岗岩和三斗坪闪长岩分别形成于815±9 Ma和813±6 Ma,与黄陵庙岩套和三斗坪岩套的侵位时限基本一致。综合分析本次研究结果与前人资料,认为黄陵杂岩主要形成于863～794 Ma,为新元古代早期岩浆活动的产物。通过综述区域地质和地球化学研究资料,认为黄陵杂岩形成于新元古代早期活动大陆边缘的构造环境,提出扬子板块北缘在新元古代早期经历了长期的俯冲-增生造山过程。     

辽西义县组玄武岩中环带状单斜辉石的成因及其对岩浆演化的约束

辽西四合屯地区早白垩世义县组玄武岩包含大量具环带结构单斜辉石。本文对这些单斜辉石进行了系统的矿物学、主微量元素和原位Sr同位素分析,并探讨了义县组玄武岩的岩浆成因和演化历史。四合屯义县组玄武岩中的单斜辉石主要发育正环带结构,少量为反环带结构。反环带单斜辉石核部主要为透辉石,并具有低的Mg^#(65.5~79.7)和Cr₂O₃(< 0.48%),以及高的Na₂O (0.34%~1.33%)和Al₂O₃(1.02%~3.20%)。它们具有轻稀土元素富集的配分型式,具有明显的Eu和Sr负异常,说明其与斜长石平衡过。在Mg^#-Na₂O/Al₂O₃相关图中,反环带单斜辉石核部总体落入华北古老下地壳麻粒岩中单斜辉石的成分范围,因此其可能是来自下地壳麻粒岩的捕虏晶。反环带单斜辉石幔部和正环带单斜辉石核部主要为普通辉石,它们具有高度一致且变化范围相对窄的化学组成,包括高的Mg^#(84.7~89.2)和Cr₂O₃(0.13%~1.41%),以及低的Na₂O (0.17%~0.48%)和Al₂O₃(1.44%~2.57%)。它们的轻重稀土元素强分馏,与玄武岩全岩组成吻合。利用单斜辉石和基性岩浆之间Fe-Mg及微量元素的分配系数,我们计算了与反环带单斜辉石幔部和正环带单斜辉石核部平衡的岩浆组成,结果表明它们与剔除橄榄石捕虏晶的全岩组成达到平衡,因此这部分单斜辉石是岩浆成因的斑晶。它们相比全岩具有变化范围较宽和整体略高的原位⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值(0.7058~0.7085)。岩浆成因单斜辉石结晶温压计算结果(1171~1221℃、0.54~1.08GPa)表明义县组玄武岩的岩浆演化主要发生在下地壳浅部(18~36km)。四合屯义县组玄武岩具有壳幔双重属性,捕虏晶矿物的同化混染和下地壳榴辉岩的拆沉作用并不能合理解释其大陆下地壳属性。本次研究中反环带单斜辉石核部捕虏晶具有较高的HREE含量,它们可能作为源区残留相记录了华北东部古老下地壳在中生代的部分熔融过程,该过程中对应的熔体相则可以解释义县组玄武岩的下地壳属性。因此,我们认为四合屯义县组玄武岩是壳幔相互作用(岩浆混合)的结果。义县组玄武岩的主体来自受俯冲洋壳改造的岩石圈地幔,在下地壳岩浆房或幔源岩浆上升过程中存在少量下地壳来源酸性熔体的混合作用。

     

青藏高原北缘早古生代板块构造演化和大陆深俯冲

青藏高原北缘北祁连山和柴达木盆地北缘分别发育有2类不同的高压和超高压变质带.北祁连山为典型的环太平洋型俯冲带,榴辉岩锆石的SHRIMP年龄为464 Ma±5 Ma.而柴北缘为典型的大陆俯冲型变质带,片麻岩锆石中的柯石英证明柴北缘是一超高压变质带.石榴橄榄岩中的超硅石榴子石和橄榄石中的钛铁矿等出溶反映其形成深度大于200 km.柴北缘榴辉岩的原岩具有MORB和OIB的特征,并与北祁连山榴辉岩的年龄相同,代表早古生代祁连洋俯冲变质的时代.而含柯石英片麻岩的锆石和石榴橄榄岩超高压变质年龄均为423 Ma,代表大陆地壳深俯冲发生的时间.北祁连山和柴北缘很可能是一个俯冲带从大洋俯冲到大陆碰撞的不同阶段的产物.     

黔西水城—紫云地区晚古生代裂陷槽盆充填和演化

研究了贵州西部古生代发育起来的北西向水城-紫云裂陷槽盆的充填序列和演化.根据地层的岩性特征、接触关系、垂向序列和形成的构造背景等,将该槽盆的充填过程划分为3个序列:深水盆地非补偿沉积到浅海陆棚沉积,是以张裂作用为主的构造作用的产物;槽盆→槽盆边缘→槽盆边缘斜坡(下斜坡)→台缘斜坡,为张裂兼走滑复合构造机制作用下的产物;台缘斜坡环境的海进序列到海退序列,受走滑作用影响明显.根据影响和控制盆地的构造、沉积和岩浆作用等多种因素,将该槽盆的发展演化分为4个阶段:隆起剥蚀阶段、地壳拉伸变薄阶段、断裂沉陷阶段和地幔柱作用阶段.     

华南东段早古生代造山带研究

对华南东段早古生代沉积环境、火山岩、超镁铁岩—镁铁岩年代、韧性变形运动学、早古生代造山带特色等方面进行了研究。研究结果表明,震旦纪—奥陶纪期间(680～440Ma)的沉积岩以泥砂质碎屑岩为主体,岩层中浅海相沉积构造发育;缺乏鲍玛层序,不含火山熔岩和爆发火山碎屑岩;原定早古生代玄武岩实为杂砂岩。结合沉积岩地球化学成果,认为本区早古生代为被动大陆边缘浅海—半深海沉积环境。对区内部分镁铁岩和火山岩作SHRIMP岩浆锆石U-Pb定年,年龄集中在860～800Ma之间。韧性变形运动学研究表明,武夷山南东麓从北西向南东逆冲推覆,北麓从南向北逆冲推覆,剖面上呈花状构造样式。稍后发生了韧性走滑剪切作用。对糜棱岩的云母矿物作40Ar-39Ar定年,年龄集中在430～390Ma之间。与国内外典型加里东期造山带相比,华南早古生代造山带具有鲜明的地域特色,造山机制大致可与西欧比利牛斯造山带相比。     

An early Paleozoic Subduction Channel in the North Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China: Structural,Petrological and Chronological Constraints

Detailed geological mapping, structural, petrological and chronological investigation allow us to place new constraints on the tectono‐thermal evolution of the North Qilian high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic belt. The North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt manly consists of eclogite, blueschist, metasedimentary rocks and serpentinite. Most of eclogites and mafic blueschists occur as lenses within metasedimentary rocks, and minor eclogites within serpentinite. Petrological and geochemistical data indicate that the protoliths of eclogite and mafic blueschist includes E‐, N‐MORB, OIB and arc basalt. Geochronology and Lu‐Hf isotope of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks indicate the detritus materials are derived from Qilian block and likely deposit in continental margin or fore‐arc basin. Zircon U‐Pb datings show that the protolith ages of eclogites vary between 500 Ma and 530 Ma, and the metamorphic age of eclogite between 460 and 489 Ma. The detrital zircon ages of metasedimentary rocks distribute between 532 and 2700 Ma. The structural data show that the deformation related to the subduction during prograde is recorded in eclogite blocks. In contrast, the dominant deformation structures are characterized by tight fold, sheath fold and penetrative foliation and lineation, which are recorded in various rocks, reflecting a top‐to‐the‐south shear sense and representing the deformation related to the exhumation. The petrological data suggest that the different rocks in the North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt equilibrated at different peak metamorphic conditions and recorded different P‐T path. Synthesizing the structural, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data suggest a subduction channel model related to oceanic subduction during Paleozoic in the North Qilian Mountains. The different HP/LT metamorphic rocks formed in different settings with various protolith ages were carried by the subducted oceanic crust into different depth in subduction channel, and experienced independent tectono‐thermal evolution inside subduction channel. The North Qilian HP/LT mélange reflects a fossil oceanic subduction channel.