山柞镇旬地区盆地体制与金属成矿关系

山柞镇旬地区现今构造格架是在后泥盆纪秦岭造山过程中奠定的，秦岭北鄂尔多斯板块左行旋转，扬子地块向北挤压及左行旋转，使秦岭微板块沿商丹和勉略两条长寿深大断裂发生大规模的左行走滑，主要形成EW向的柞(水)—山(阳)断裂，镇(安)—板(岩镇)大断裂；伴随佛坪地块的隆滑而产生的NW—NWW向公(馆)—白(河)断裂、旬河断裂，形成和控制了山柞、旬阳热水盆地和镇安—青山隆起以及沿旬河的裂陷，控制了柞山镇旬地区金属成矿带的分布和最终矿床的形成。     

Scaling Caribbean (in)dependence

Recently there has been much ado about the territorial implications of globalization. Geographers have made a significant contribution to these debates, pointing to the tension between forces of deterritorialization and those of re-territorialization. In particular, there is a growing body of work in political and economic geography that draws attention to processes of re-scaling where, at the same time as scales such as the nation-state appear threatened, new scales of economic, political and social regulation emerge. Much of this literature, however, focuses on the ability of already powerful states to re-scale their activities and manage the border crossing abilities of global capital. In this paper I examine the process of supra-national regional integration in the Caribbean as an example of re-scaling and re-territorialization in a post-colonial context. I draw attention to the historic permeability of Caribbean states and argue regionalism in the Caribbean needs to be viewed as part of a longer process of defining economic, political and cultural independence in what, for post-colonial states, has always been an interdependent world economy. This analysis suggests that while new scales can be understood as spatialized attempts to manage changing global economics, they are also ambivalent productions, and as such, sites of resistance as well as domination and regulation.     

Chironomidae (Diptera) in paleoecology

A comprehensive review of chironomid paleoecology is provided, with a discussion of relevant aspects of chironomid biology. The systematics, ecology, morphology, and taphonomy of chironomids are specifically addressed, as is the application of chironomid remains in investigations of lake ontogeny, anthropogenic eutrophication and acidification, paleosalinity, and paleoclimate.     

Incidence of piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN) andGlugea hertwigi (Weissenberg) in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax mitchill) in selected Massachusetts streams

Smelt (Osmerus mordax) from six rivers along the coast of Massachusetts were examined for the microsporidianGlugea hertwigi and piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN), a viral blood disease. Of the 485 smelt sampled, 13.4% were affected byGlugea. Incidence ranged from 18.0% in the Town River to 0% in the Parker River. PEN was observed in all river systems. Incidence ranged from 97% in the Jones to 61% in the Parker River. Individual intensity of infection was low, with the majority of fish having less than 1% of their erythrocytes affected. The highest intensity for an individual specimen was 4.68%.     

Larval settlement behavior in the jellyfishAurelia aurita (Linnaeus) (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae)

The distribution of sessile marine invertebrates is often the consequence of the selection of a suitable substrate by motile larvae. Motile planulae larvae ofAurelia aurita (Linnaeus) are exposed to an artificial substrate in the laboratory to determine if they possess the capacity both for specific orientation and for discrimination of surface texture at time of attachment. More than 90% (P<0.001) of the planulae fasten to the underside of objects. As a result, developing scyphistomae hang with the oral surface downward as commonly encountered in the field. The effect of surface texture on planula attachment is equivocal; this may reflect an indifference to surface texture, a limited capacity to locomote across rough substrate, or a mechanism of response sensitive only to large surface irregularities. These results are compared with those obtained for the planulae ofCyanea capillata (Linnaeus). The planular effected orientation of the scyphistoma may be generally true for coastal representatives of the Semaeostomeae, and perhaps for other shallow water Scyphozoa (including the Class Cubozoa).     

攀西裂谷内陆盆地自由热对流应力分析及盆地沉降

康滇地区裂谷作用已得到证实,但形成这种地堑地垒的格局有多种解释,以传统的地质力学分析为主。笔者借以热力学的自由热对流原理来加以论述：攀西巨厚的火山岩体在下覆异常地幔热作用下,发生自由热对流,引起热量散失,使地壳沉降与隆起不均衡,生成地堑地垒的格局。自由对流单元的侧向迁移,使盆地形成非对称性。     

Multiple sources for mineralizing fluids in the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) mineralization (Uzbekistan)

Mineral assemblages present within the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) quartz-vein mineralization have been investigated for their cathodoluminescence behaviour, chemical composition and noble gas isotope systematics. This inventory of methods allows for the first time a systematic reconstruction of the paragenetic relationships of quartz, scheelite, sulphides and native gold within the gold mineralization at Charmitan and provides the basis to utilise noble gas data in the discussion of sources and evolution of ore-forming fluids. The vein quartz is classified into four generations based on microscopic and cathodoluminescence investigations. Quartz I shows intense brittle deformation as associated scheelite I. Undeformed scheelite II overgrows scheelite I and has lower light rare earth element and higher intermediate rare earth element contents as well as higher strontium concentrations. Scheelite II is associated with the economic gold mineralization and formed during re-crystallisation and re-precipitation of material which was partly re-mobilised from early scheelite I during infiltration of gold-bearing fluids. Early stage native gold inclusions are often associated with stage 2 sulphides, scheelite II and bismuth tellurides and contain Ag (3.6–24.4 wt.%), Hg (≤1.0 wt.%) and Bi (≤0.2 wt.%). Later stage electrum grains occur in association with stage 3 sulphides and sulphosalts and contain Hg (<0.8 wt.%) and elevated Sb concentrations (up to 3.0 wt.%). Noble gas isotope data (³He/⁴He: 0.2-0.4 Ra) for hydrothermal ore fluids trapped in the gold-related sulphides and sulphosalts (stage 2 pyrite and arsenopyrite; stage 3 pyrite, sphalerite, galena and lead sulphosalts) suggest that diverse fluid sources were involved in the formation of the Charmitan gold deposit. These data are indicative of a small, but significant input of fluids from external, deep-seated (mantle and possibly lower crust) sources. A decrease in the input of mantle helium and an increasing role of crustal helium from early to later stages of the mineralization is suggested by the measured ³He/⁴He and ⁴⁰Ar*/⁴He ratios. Sulphides from ore veins in meta-sedimentary rocks contain higher portions of meteoric fluids than those in intrusive rock types as indicated by their lower ³He/³⁶Ar ratios. The ³He/³⁶Ar ratios in the meta-sedimentary rocks agree well with ratios typical of gold mineralizations in the Tien Shan gold province completely hosted by meta-sedimentary sequences, indicating intense fluid-wall rock interaction.     

(Mis)adventures in Rumsfeld space

Ewald’s recent genealogy of constructions of risk in Western societies argues that the 1980s saw an important paradigm shift to the “precautionary principle”. Critical scholars have taken up this idea as a lens through which to interpret the Bush administration’s ‘war on terror’. I argue that 11 September 2001 actually brought about qualitative changes to this paradigm. Bush’s pre-emptive doctrine is driven, and perhaps even more importantly, continually justified to the US population, by what might be called the “trans-precautionary principle”, a move from “decisionism” to “actionism”, and a new radicalization of the way fear is produced and managed. Donald Rumsfeld’s famous typology of different articulations of knowledge and ignorance offers an excellent analytical window onto the connections between ignorance, fear and geopolitical action in this new regime. In the latter part of the essay, his four modes of knowledge/ignorance are arrayed, for heuristic purposes, in an abstract spatial grid organized along dimensions of the specificity and possession of knowledge. This allows a ‘mapping’ of some of the Bush administration’s more controversial strategies in the ‘war on terror’, as a set of different pathways through Rumsfeld Space.     

Imprecise (fuzzy) information in geostatistics

A methodology based on fuzzy set theory for the utilization of imprecise data in geostatistics is presented. A common problem preventing a broader use of geostatistics has been the insufficient amount of accurate measurement data. In certain cases, additional but uncertain (soft) information is available and can be encoded as subjective probabilities, and then the soft kriging method can be applied (Journel, 1986). In other cases, a fuzzy encoding of soft information may be more realistic and simplify the numerical calculations. Imprecise (fuzzy) spatial information on the possible variogram is integrated into a single variogram which is used in a fuzzy kriging procedure. The overall uncertainty of prediction is represented by the estimation variance and the calculated membership function for each kriged point. The methodology is applied to the permeability prediction of a soil liner for hazardous waste containment. The available number of hard measurement data (20) was not enough for a classical geostatistical analysis. An additional 20 soft data made it possible to prepare kriged contour maps using the fuzzy geostatistical procedure.This paper was presented at MGUS 87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 14 April 1987.     

Magnetic tunnels (wormholes) in astrophysics

We consider models of a wormhole (i) maintained by an electromagnetic field, taking into account quantum vacuum corrections to the equation of state, (ii) maintained by a combination of the magnetic field and phantom energy, with a spherically symmetrical equation of state, and (iii) with a magnetic field and phantom matter with an anisotropic equation of state. It is shown that the quantum corrections and the density and exoticity of phantom energy or matter can be as small as is desired. For an external observer, the entrance to the tunnel appears to be a magnetic monopole of macroscopic size. The accretion of ordinary matter onto the entrance to the tunnel may result in the formation of a black hole with a radial magnetic field. We consider the possibility that some active galactic nuclei and Galactic objects may be current or former entrances to magnetic wormholes. We consider the possible existence of a broad mass spectrum for wormholes, from several billion solar masses to masses of the order of 2 kg. The Hawking effect (evaporation) does not operate in such objects due to the absence of a horizon, making it possible for them to be retained over cosmological time intervals, even if their masses are smaller than 10¹⁵ g. We also discuss a model for a binary system formed by the entrances of tunnels with magnetic fields, which could be sources of nonthermal radiation and γ-ray bursts.     

Serpentine Jade (Bowenite) in Korea

INTRODUCTIONA new gem- quality serpentine deposit was discovered in1995 in Booyo area,about 2 5 0 km southwest of Seoul,Korea(Fig.1) and is being mined by the Booyo Nokok (meaninggreen jade) Mining Company.After the Booyo material isfashioned into rings,beads,cabochons,pendants and ear-rings,they are traded on the domestic market under the nameof “Booyo precious serpentine”.The green Booyo bowenite(serpentine jade) has gained high reputation in the countryand a much higher value tha…     

Kimmeridgian protoglobigerinids (Foraminifera) from Crussol (SE France)

A detailed investigation of the protoglobigerinids from the Kimmeridgian section of the Montagne de Crussol, SE France is presented. This monotonous succession of predominantly carbonate beds represents peri-platform hemipelagic deposits, well dated by ammonites. Three species were determined in thin sections and in isolated forms after extraction by acetolysis. Favusella? parva (Kuznetsova) is the most common species occurring in almost the entire succession from the Orthosphinctes to the Beckeri zones. Favusella hoterivica (Subbotina) has been retrieved less frequently from the Platynota to the Beckeri zones, and it is its oldest occurrence. The rare Globuligerina bathoniana (Pazdrowa) occurs only in the Late Kimmeridgian. Based on our study and the review of the literature a palaeogeographical map was plotted, showing that most of the protoglobigerinid occurrences are in deep water facies of the northern margin and central part of the Tethys. These records demonstrate the presence of Globuligerina bathoniana, G. oxfordiana (Grigelis), Favusella hoterivica, F.? parva and Compactogerina stellapolaris (Grigelis) in the Kimmeridgian.     

Hydrothermally altered and (copper) mineralized porphyritic intrusions in the Serbo-Macedonian Massif (Greece)

Within the pre-alpidic consolidated Serbo-Macedonian Massif several paleogene hydrothermally altered porphyritic stocks have been found and investigated. The subvolcanic activity was ascertained to be confined to three main centers. Hydrothermal alterations within the stocks and as haloes in the surrounding country rock are widespread, the phyllic and the propylitic alteration facies being predominant, whereas the potassic facies seems to be lacking. Geochemical investigations in the Krousia Mountains and in the Eastern Chalkidiki traced in some of the altered stocks and alteration haloes a sulfide mineralization of porphyry copper type with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and some gold. The economic value of this metallogenic province is not yet fully established.     

背斜-水动力复合油(气)藏油(气)水界面产状

基于Hubbert的油(气)等势面坡度与水头关系的公式和达西定律, 推出了油(气)等势面坡度与水流的渗滤速度的关系式.根据此关系式, 讨论了各种情形水流速度与油气等势面坡度的关系.以此为基础, 认为未被油气充满转折端的背斜-水动力油气藏平面的油水界面由于水流速度大小和方向变化通常应该为曲面; 对被油气充满转折端的背斜-水动力油气藏倾斜的油水界面在不同方向剖面上倾斜不同: 圆柱状背斜横剖面油水界线水平、斜向剖面界线倾向相反, 倾伏背斜的横剖面可能同向倾斜但通常不在同一条倾斜的直线上.