数学地质工作的回顾与发展方向

数学地质。作为计算机技术向地质科学领域渗透的一门边缘学科,无论在地质矿产勘查、科研与管理中,都是一项适用的、有效的新技术新方法。本文着重阐述了湖南省地质矿产局系统。在物化探、区调、测绘、水文地质、环境地质、矿床地质、遥感、国土资源调查、地质资料及地质工作管理等领域,取得的一系列数学地质研究成果与计算机实用技术。它们与国内同类成果相比,处于先进水平。     

“八五”水文地质工程地质环境地质研究的主要成就与进展

本文从（１）西北地区水资源与可持续发展;（２）三峡工程地质问题及重大工程选址研究;３）“八五”环境地质研究;（４）中国地质灾害与生态地持环境;（５）全国地质环境监测与信息系统建设,（６）“八五”水、工、环、地质新领域与基础研究;（７）水工环地质市场科技成果;（８）水工环地质展望八个方面,系统全面介绍了“八五”期间水式环地质研究的主要成就与进展。     

试论非线性科学在数学地质中的地位和作用

评述了数学地质的发展现状,分析了非线性科学在数学地质中的地位和作用,根据地质数据的分形结构和混沌性质,探讨了非线性科学应用于数学地质的途径。     

地质科学在我国农业发展中的作用

面对我国人口迅速增长，要保持农业特别是粮食生长持续稳步增长，除继续加强良种培育和推广先进栽培技术外，地质科学特别是农业地质的作用不可忽视。本文着重从农业生产的地质背景、地球化学、农用矿产资源等方面介绍了地质科学在提高农作物产量和品质中的重要作用，产并对农业地质的工作阶段和工作内容进行了阐述。     

数学地质在矿山研究中的应用--判别分析归类矿体属性实例

数学地质方法为宏观地质研究提供了定量的可能。判别分析对研究未知属性矿体的归属有着重要的意义。苏州西部地区通安——潭山多金属成矿带中，小茅山铜铅锌矿段，潭山铅锌银铁矿段位于成矿带的两端，属性已知。该成矿带中有一未知属性的铜铅锌银迂里矿段，用判别分析方法对其归类。研究结果表明，未知属性的迂里矿段归属潭山多金属硫化物矿床类型，即高—中温多金属硫化物矿床类型。     

矿床勘探类型的数学地质研究

应用模糊综合评判的数学地质方法确定和划分矿床的勘探类型，有力地克服了类比法的缺欠和不足，实现了定量化。中以锰矿为例详细地介绍了该方法的计算过程。     

The Present Research and Prospect of Chinese Geosciences History

It has been over a hundred years since the birth of research on Chinese geosciences history, which was accompanied by the continuous progress of Chinese geosciences. For hundreds of years, it has grown out of nothing to brilliant performance by several generations of Chinese geologists committing their hearts and minds with the spirit of exert and strive without stop to promote the process of China's industrialization and to produce the significant impact on serving the society. The study of Chinese geosciences history reflects objectively and historically the history of geosciences in China, which has recorded, analyzed and evaluated the dynamic process sitting in the background and clue of the history of Chinese geosciences development. The study of the history of geological science has roughly experienced two stages in China. The first stage is the study of individual researchers. It spanned approximately 70 years from the early 20th century to the end of the 1970s. The research contents were mainly based on the evolution of geological organizations, the development and utilization of individual mineral species, the history of deposit discovery and the research of geological characters. The main representatives are Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao and Li Siguang, Ye Liangfu, Huang Jiqing, Yang Zhongjian, Xie Jiarong, Gao Zhenxi, Wang Bingzhang and etc. The most prominent feature of this period is the accumulation of a very valuable document for the study of the history of China's geological history and lays a foundation for the exchange of geological science between China and foreign countries. The second stage is organized group study. It took around 60 years from the 1920s to 1980s. It includes the history of Chinese geology, the history of geological organizations, the history of geological disciplines, the history of geological education, the history of geological philosophy, the history of Chinese and foreign geological science communication, the history of geologists and etc. The most chief feature of this stage is the birth of academic research institute―the establishment of the Commission on the History of Geology of the Geological Society of China.     

煤与瓦斯突出数学地质模型研究

在焦作中马村矿应用研究结果表明:由于煤与瓦斯突出的分区分带主要受地质条件控制,运用数量化理论Ⅱ,可以借助已知瓦斯突出类型的若干地质变量,建立该矿井煤与瓦斯突出的数学地质模型,并预测未知区的瓦斯突出,这可提高瓦斯突出预测的准确性和可靠性。     

Past and Future of Mathematical Geology

This is a brief review of alternative methods of problem-solving in geoscience with emphasis on the role of mathematical geology. It is desirable to maintain a clear-cut distinction between reliable facts which can be stored in data banks and concepts that can be incorporated in the speciflcations of sta-tistical models designed for specific purposes. If possible, subjective probabilities shclld be incorporated in hypotheses that are to be tested by statistical inference.     

军事地球科学：历史经验与现代挑战

军事地质学以战争和和平时期军事活动实践应用为研究领域,在军事行动、作战环境、战场情报和非战争军事行动中具有重要应用价值。军事需求应用推动军事地质学向军事地球科学创新发展。军事地球科学基于地球科学交叉学科,致力于研究解决军事活动涉及的多元自然物质属性、多层空间物理特征和多系统环境挑战。总结国外军事地质学应用研究历史经验,归类军事地球科学研究的地学环境影响历史战争、地球科学对军事活动影响、地缘安全利益与资源需求、支持军事活动的地球科学技术等重点领域,建议我国军事地球科学关键问题聚焦理论方法、典型场景和全球议题,提出现代科学挑战：(1)战场地学空间情报的智能应用;(2)陌生地域特殊环境隐匿目标的遥感侦察识别技术;(3)战场侦察的法证军事地球科学;(4)军事新能源安全保障;(5)现代战争军事地球科学。综述研究成果为提升地质工作服务国防和军队现代化能力提供了科学依据。     

Atom Probe Tomography: Development and Application to the Geosciences

Atom probe tomography (APT) is an analytical technique that provides quantitative three‐dimensional elemental and isotopic analyses at sub‐nanometre resolution across the whole periodic table. Although developed and mostly used in the materials science and semiconductor fields, recent years have seen increasing development and application in the geoscience and planetary science disciplines. Atom probe studies demonstrate compositional complexity at the nanoscale and provide fundamental new insights into the atom‐scale mechanisms taking place in minerals over geological time. Here, we provide an overview of APT, including the historical development and technical aspects of the instrumentation, and the fundamentals of data acquisition, data processing and data reconstruction. We also review previous studies and highlight the potential future applications of nanoscale geochemical studies of natural materials.