多向荷载作用下层状地基刚性桩筏基础分析

提出一种多向荷载作用下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的计算方法。基于剪切位移法,采用传递矩阵形式分析了竖向荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;引入修正桩侧地基模量,采用有限差分法分析了水平荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;基于层状弹性半空间理论,分析了多向荷载下桩顶面-土表面、土表面-桩顶面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。建立了桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到了多向荷载下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系以及桩的内力和变形沿桩身分布规律。通过与有限元对比,验证了该方法的合理性和修正地基模量的优越性,并对多向荷载作用下的桩筏基础进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,水平力将会引起桩筏基础的倾斜。     

FRP板桩墙变形计算方法探讨

FRP复合板桩弹性模量较低,在使用过程中易产生较大的变形而导致结构无法正常使用,因此设计时要考虑其变形特性。FRP复合板桩的变形包括弯曲变形和剪切变形两部分。通过一种简化的计算FRP板桩变形的方法,使FRP复合板桩设计更为方便。运用该法计算出的最大变形与有限元计算结果较为接近,表明该法具有一定的可靠性。     

卸荷式板桩高桩梁板码头结构土压力简化计算

河网地区的淤泥层一般较厚,强度较低,在这些地区新建或扩建码头时需对边坡进行大面积的开挖、换填,工程造价高,采用卸荷式板桩墙高桩梁板码头结构可以很好地解决,但目前关于这种码头结构型式的土压力计算研究非常少。借鉴遮帘板桩码头的土压力计算方法,分析探讨了该新型结构的土压力计算方法。计算中对结构进行分区处理,利用非极限状态土压力理论计算板桩河侧及灌注桩陆侧的土压力,同时考虑土拱效应和卸荷板的卸荷作用,以及平行墙理论,推导计算板桩陆侧及灌注桩河侧的土压力,最后将简化计算结果与离心模型试验结果及有限元数值分析结果进行对比,对比分析表明,该简化计算方法有一定的可行性,可供工程设计参考。     

格型钢板桩结构有限元数值分析

以有限元软件ABAQUS作为分析平台,建立波浪荷载作用下格型钢板桩结构稳定性及应力分析的三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。格型钢板桩采用壳体单元模拟,在相邻板桩之间设置铰接连接器模拟板桩之间的相对转动;土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型模拟,在格型钢板桩与其内、外土体之间设置接触面单元模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合。结合某实际工程,研究结构的破坏模式、失稳特性和应力分布特性,分析参数变化对结构稳定性和环向拉力的影响,并对格内土体的剪切变形进行分析,建议格型钢板桩锁口拉力的验算断面。结果表明,铰接连接器的设置对于结构稳定性影响不大,但对环向拉力有一定影响;格内土体的剪切变形主要发生在格体中轴处,符合太沙基法结论。     

Selection of p–y curves for the design of single laterally loaded piles

Two-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to find load–transfer relationships for translation of an infinitely long pile through undrained soil for a variety of soil-constitutive models. It has been shown that these load–transfer curves can be used as p–y curves in the analysis of single piles undergoing lateral pile head loading in undrained soils with non-linear stress–strain laws. Lateral pile response deduced from 2-D analysis input to the subgrade reaction method has been compared to the behaviour of a single pile analysed using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Good agreement between the two methods for non-linear soils suggests that the 2-D analysis may form a useful design method for calculation of p–y curves. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Semi-analytical solutions for vertically and laterally loaded piles in multilayered soil deposits

In geotechnical practice, it is of considerable importance to assess the behavior of vertical–lateral coupled loading piles in multilayered soil deposits. This study deals with a semi-analytical formulation for the performance of a pile suffering from combined vertical and lateral loads. The emphasis is on quantifying the mobilization of the subgrade reaction provided by the layered soil stratums. In the proposed method, subgrade reactions, correlated with both the accumulative axial load transfer and side resistances depending upon the pile–soil interaction, are abstracted as a series of nonlinear springs in both vertical and lateral directions. On account of this, an alternative transfer matrix method is applied to characterize the pile reaction along the depth under the identified boundary conditions atop the pile; meanwhile, the condition of static equilibrium, between two specific pile segments located at the border of soil layers, is also essential. On this basis, validation of the solution is conducted by comparing with observations from experiments and predictions obtained from other existing methods. In addition, the influence of properties in shallow soil layer and the vertical load on the lateral response of the pile is also discussed. The results indicate a reduction in the lateral displacement and the maximum bending moment within the pile with the increase in the shallow soil stiffness, but a growth with the increase in vertical load due to the “P-Δ effect.”     

斜坡桩水平循环特性模型试验及有限杆单元解

为了揭示斜坡效应和循环弱化效应共同影响下的斜坡桩水平循环特性,进行了不同循环次数、荷载幅值及坡度下的单向水平循环加载试验,并将水平静载试验作为对照,揭示了桩顶位移、桩身弯矩及地基反力等变化规律。综合考虑二阶效应及桩-土相互作用的影响,对单元刚度矩阵进行了改进,提出了有限杆单元解。将理论预测曲线等与实测曲线及幂级数法计算结果进行了对比,验证了有限杆单元解的合理性。结果表明：桩身弯矩及位移均随循环次数非线性增加,最大弯矩位置逐渐从无量纲深度z_α=1.25下移到z_α=1.75;桩顶无量纲位移y0,α与循环次数n之间的关系符合幂函数y0,α=An0.11;当荷载幅值由20 N增加到40 N时,最大无量纲弯矩由0.010增加到0.029,位置均保持在z_α=1.7附近;当坡度由30°增加到60°时,最大无量纲弯矩由0.011(z_α=1)增加到0.025(z_α=2.5)。     

非对称荷载单层对撑基坑计算方法研究

支护桩（墙）加内支撑作为基坑支护的一种重要型式,已经被基坑支护工程广泛采用。但是,由于基坑所处地质条件、周围环境和土方开挖的复杂性,给基坑支护体系的精准设计计算带来障碍。对非对称荷载作用下的单层内支撑支护设计计算方法进行了探讨。首先,基于极限土压力法分析了单层内支撑与支护桩支点铰接和固结条件下的不动点调整系数的差异性;其次,利用杆系有限单元法分析了基于位移土压力和基于《规程》给出的主动土压力这两种土压力方法计算的桩身位移、弯矩和剪力的差异性。由于非对称荷载作用于基坑支护体系,引起荷载大小侧支护桩桩身位移不同,导致荷载大小侧支护桩受到的土压力也不同,大小侧支护桩桩身内力存在较大差异现象应引起重视。提出的不动点调整系数计算方法和位移土压力计算支护桩受到的土压力计算方法更为合理。     

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤桩基土抗力及稳定性简化计算方法

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤作为新型港工结构,主要依靠桩基和自身重力维持稳定。以天津港水文地质条件为算例,建立三维弹塑性有限元模型,通过荷载-位移关系曲线,确定稳定性安全系数。分析极限状态下桩基沿环向与竖向的土压力分布,得出桩侧极限水平土抗力,并将有限元结果与美国规范API土抗力计算方法进行比较。造成防波堤结构失稳的原因主要有两个,即结构自身无法满足强度要求和土体达到极限。结构自身强度达到极限时,可用p-y曲线有限差分迭代法求取安全系数;土体达到破坏极限时,可分别假定转动点位于桩轴线上和偏离桩轴线两种情况,利用极限平衡法,建立抗倾稳定性简化计算方法。经验证,理论方法得到的稳定性安全系数与有限元结果比较接近。     

Numerical studies of anchored sheet pile wall behavior constructed in cut and fill conditions

The construction of sheet pile walls may involve either excavation of soils in front or backfilling of soils behind the wall. These construction procedures generate different loading conditions in the soil and therefore different wall behavior should also be expected. The conventional methods, which are based on limit equilibrium approach, commonly used in the design of anchored sheet pile walls do not consider the method of construction. However, continuum mechanics numerical methods, such as finite element method, make it possible to incorporate the construction method during the analyses and design of sheet pile walls. The effect of wall construction type for varying soil conditions and wall heights were investigated using finite element modeling and analysis. The influence of construction method on soil behavior, wall deformations, wall bending moments, and anchor forces were investigated. The study results indicate that walls constructed by backfill method yield significantly higher bending moments and wall deformations. This paper presents the results of the numerical parametric study performed and comparative analyses of the anchored sheet pile walls constructed by different construction methods.     

钢板桩挡墙主动土压力分布的形状效应

采用有限元数值试验,研究帽型钢板桩的截面形状对墙后主动土压力分布规律的影响。首先,对室内缩尺模型试验进行数值模拟,对比实测数据验证数值模型的有效性;然后,建立钢板桩挡墙数值模型,模拟该挡墙在不同位移模式下土压力变化和分布的规律,与平板挡墙计算结果进行对比,分析钢板桩截面形状对土压力分布的影响,进一步探讨形状效应的可能影响因素及机制。分析结果表明,钢板桩的截面形状影响墙后主动土压力的分布形式,影响程度与位移模式有关;墙体平动和绕墙底转动情况下,钢板桩挡墙凸出部分的主动土压力值大于凹处,但墙体绕墙顶转动情况下差异不明显;主动土压力的形状效应由土拱效应引起,截面高宽比对其影响显著,墙土摩擦角影响有限。     

纵横向受荷基桩变形内力的矩阵传递解

针对地基的土体屈服性状,将桩侧土体分为弹性变形区域与塑性变形区域两种情况。假定地基反力系数为3参数的一般形式,同时考虑桩身 效应并计入桩身自重、桩侧摩阻力的影响,根据地基反力法分别建立桩身弹性段和塑性段挠曲线微分方程。在解微分方程的过程中,采用矩阵传递法结合Laplace正逆变换的方法解得桩顶作用轴向力、水平力、弯矩时桩身内力和变形的矩阵传递解,并用Fortran语言编制了相应计算程序。最后将试验数据对上述方法进行验证,结果表明计算值与模型试验的实测值吻合很好,采用文中3参数地基反力法反算所得的地基参数离散性很小,研究结果具有较高的应用价值。     

反应位移法在地下综合管廊抗震设计中的应用

为探讨反应位移法在地下综合管廊地震分析中的适用性及地基弹簧刚度选取和模拟方法,采用SAP2000结构有限元软件进行地下结构地震反应分析,研究基床系数、地层剪应力计算方法对结构地震响应的影响,并与PLAXIS软件的动力时程分析结果进行对比分析。结果表明：反应位移法在地下综合管廊的初步抗震计算中可优先选用;在地基弹簧刚度计算方法中,推荐使用日本公式法和常规静力有限元法,并尽量考虑土层分层情况,若一味作均匀等效化,可能导致土体动剪切模量偏大,土层均质等效计算的结构内力值与动力时程法的结构内力偏差达到-400%~-250%;建议采用SAP2000程序中实现仅受压行为的两节点缝单元+远端固定铰支座相结合的方法模拟法向地基弹簧,采用常规土弹簧单元模拟切向地基单元。     

Active earth pressure shielding in quay wall constructions: numerical modeling

By designing a quay wall construction the calculation of the active earth pressure behind the sheet pile wall is often a problem. Measurements and FE-analyses have shown that the earth pressure on a sheet pile wall is shielded due to the dowel effect of the pile rows behind the sheet piling. In conventional calculations a higher friction angle is used to take the dowel effect into account. In this study, numerical modeling using the Coupled Eulerian?CLagrangian method has been carried out to investigate the shielding effect of pile rows on the active earth pressure in sand. The failure mechanisms have been illustrated using the shear band patterns at the limit state. Based on the Terzaghi??s arching theory a new approach has been developed to estimate the shielding effect.     

土与结构间接触面的非线性弹性-理想塑性模型及其应用

将非线性弹性理论与弹塑性理论相结合,对于土与结构间接触面提出了一种非线性弹性-理想塑性模型,用于模拟土与结构相互作用体系的变形与破坏机理。推导建立了这种接触面单元的应力-应变关系和弹塑性系数矩阵,并且讨论了这种模型在基坑开挖与支护分析应用中所面临的数值计算问题。最后针对某一基坑工程实例,应用这种接触面模型进行了数值计算与分析,结果表明,该模型能够较合理地模拟接触面上的变形机理与受力状态。     

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤稳定性简化计算方法

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤是一种重力式和桩基式混合而成的新型防波堤,具有复杂的承载机制和破坏模式。建立倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤稳定性分析的三维弹塑性有限元模型,分析极限状态下结构的位移场分布,得出其失稳模式为绕底板下且偏离桩基轴线一定距离的某点发生转动失稳。结合有限元法和极限平衡法,建立该新型防波堤的抗滑稳定性、抗倾稳定性计算的简化方法。与有限元计算结果的比较表明,建立的简化计算方法是可靠的。     

基于二维降阶Hermite插值的铁路路基动力响应2.5D有限元模拟

2.5D有限元方法在铁路路基动力响应研究领域中的应用渐趋广泛。针对其在求解随机不平顺条件下路基动力响应时计算效率显著下降的问题,构建了基于二维降阶Hermite插值的2.5D有限元路基动力响应快速计算框架。以路基在频率-波数域动力响应的基本特征为依据确定了插值原则,讨论了插值点分布和数量对插值精度的影响。研究表明：采用二维降阶Hermite插值方法可以实现随机不平顺条件下路基动力响应的快速计算。相比插值点非均匀分布,插值点均匀分布可以兼顾幅值和相位的插值精度,适应性更好。此外,该方法的计算效率仅与插值点数量相关,不受随机不平顺谐波数量的影响,在模拟随机不平顺条件下路基动力响应方面具备显著的优势。     

Seismic stability analysis of piled embankments: A multiphase approach

The seismic stability analysis of an embankment lying over a soft foundation soil reinforced by a group of vertical piles is performed within the framework of the upper bound kinematic approach of yield design. The analysis is based on a previously developed ‘multiphase’ model of the reinforced ground, which explicitly accounts for the shear and bending resistances of the piles. Making use of appropriate failure mechanisms involving shear zones across which the reinforcements are continuously deforming, along with ‘plastic hinge’ surfaces, upper bound estimates to the critical seismic coefficient of the structure are derived. The results, which are confirmed by the simulations obtained from a finite element elastoplastic code, give clear evidence of the key role played by the bending strength capacities of the piles in ensuring the stability of the pile reinforced embankment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速拓宽软土路基差异沉降数值计算及监测分析

路基差异沉降控制是软土地区高速拓宽工程中的关键性技术问题之一,本文以北方某高速拓宽工程的试验段为例,运用ABAQUS软件进行了拓宽软土路基变形的有限元数值计算,并与路基现场变形监测数据进行对比分析,数值计算与实测结果基本吻合,结论一致地反映了路堤填筑初始阶段新路基的沉降速率较大,旧路基在填筑后期才产生较明显的附加沉降变形; 路基变形在拓宽侧呈现明显的\     

门架式双排抗滑桩的弹塑性模型与计算分析

门架式双排抗滑桩的计算模型大部分将桩排间岩土体视为弹性材料,而岩土体为弹塑性材料,使得抗滑桩内力、位移计算结果与实际情况相差较大。假设桩排间岩土体为弹塑性材料,提出一种弹塑性计算模型,该模型将桩排间岩土体看作线弹性单元和塑性单元的组合,根据结构力学知识、土的本构关系和数值分析方法建立一种计算前后排抗滑桩内力的计算方法。首先,由已知的桩顶位移,并结合结构力学位移法求出桩间土总应力。根据Lade-Duncan模型导出这两个单元的基本参数,然后,结合数值分析方法计算出抗滑桩的内力,最后,结合工程实例,运用ANSYS有限元软件进行计算分析,得出门架式双排抗滑桩的内力图。对比监测数据和弹性模型计算结果表明,弹塑性模型的计算结果比弹性模型更加接近监测值。