地理信息系统(GIS)在地质学中的应用

简要讨论了地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的研究情况,重点阐述了ＧＩＳ制图技术、可视化技术、空间分析技术、遥感制图技术在地质学领域中的应用,总结了世界各国地学中ＧＩＳ的应用情况．     

应用ArcView GIS建立我国地质灾害空间信息管理系统？…

地理信息系统是一种空间信息管理系统,它依托计算机系统,集地球空间数据采集,存储,地理位置显示,检索,分析,模型于一体,是研究空间对象的理想工具本文依据美国ＥＳＲＩ公司开发的桌面ＧＩＳ系统－Ａｒｃ Ｖｉｅｗ ＧＩＳ的原理与方法,阐了建立我国地质空间信息管理系统的方法、步骤以及在Ａｒｃ Ｖｉｅｗ ＧＩＳ的支持下,系统的开发和扩展,以推动我国利用信息技术研究地质灾害,达到防灾减灾的目的。     

GIS访问网络数据库中若干技术问题的探讨

分析了几种网络计算模式的特点,针对客户机／服务器模式设计了一个地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）访问数据库的结构框架———客户端分为ＧＩＳ功能层和数据库请求层两层,服务器存放数据,并将此结构与ＥＳＲＩ公司的空间数据库引擎（ＳＤＥ）作了对比;通过比较几种数据库访问的程序实现方式,认为ＯＤＢＣＡＰＩ在开放性方面是良好的．最后给出的ＭＡＰＧＩＳ实例表明：采用上述设计思路的应用系统不但利用了原有ＭＡＰＧＩＳ的研究成果,实现了ＧＩＳ访问网络数据库的功能,而且还具有良好的开放性．     

三维地理信息系统（3D—GIS）的发展现状及趋势

地理信息系统技术已经被大量应用于资源管理,环境监测,城市规划,土地管理及交通,水利,林业等领域,但ＧＩＳ技术的发展还远没有止境。人们已经不满足于传统的二维ＧＩＳ软件平台,取而代之的是空间的,立体的三维ＧＩＳ。但由于３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ包括了第三个坐标以及从平面到立体的换算,所以增加了大量的存储量和额外的数据量,因而时至今日,真正的３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ软件还很少。本文一方面介绍了３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ的概念,特点以及发展现状     

贵州省土壤信息系统（GSIS）空间数据库的设计与建立

本文讨论了在ＰＡＭＡＰ ＧＩＳ（Ｖ４．２）支持下,贵州省土壤信息系统（ＧＳＩＳ）空间数据库的设计、构建、功能及应用。该数据库主要由三部分组成：１）基础地理信息。如数字高程的模型（ＤＥＭ）、行政区划、交通网络等;２）ＧＳＩＳ专题信息。包括土壤类型、理化性质、土地利用、农业气象等;３）统计数据。主要有社会经济概况及历史灾害等。ＧＳＩＳ空间数据库可以提供空间及属性数据查询、不同数据格式间的相互转换、土地     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

地理信息系统中的常规网络分析功能及相关算法

网络是ＧＩＳ中一类独特的数据实体,网络分析是空间分析的一个重要方面,通用型ＧＩＳ平台软件提供的网络分析功能有路径分析,资源分配、连通分析,流分析,选址等。其中的诜我功能可以使用图论中的算法来实现。拓要介绍了实现这些功能的重要算法。     

WebGIS的解决方案及开发方法

分析了ＧＩＳ的最新发展技术ＷｅｂＧＩＳ技术的概念,并对传统的ＧＩＳ技术和ＷｅｂＧＩＳ进行了比较,探讨了ＷｅｂＧＩＳ的解决方案、开发模式和使用的关键技术。     

地理信息系统中的热点问题综述

系统地总结和分析了地理信息系统中的一些热点问题,包括三维问题、时态问题、数据质量、数据交换与ＯＧＩＳ、工程学问题、ＷｅｂＧＩＳ、可视化与虚拟ＧＩＳ、面向对象ＧＩＳ、组件化ＧＩＳ以及数字地球等。     

MAPGIS在地面沉降研究中的应用

本文介绍了地理信息系统ＭＡＰＧＩＳ的特点及其在地面沉降研究中的应用,着重论述了运用ＭＡＰＧＩＳ软件编图的方法、步骤,并利用其空间分析功能对图形进行分析、检索,从而为地面沉降的综合治理提供科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861