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太阳系外行星的探测和研究在过去十几年取得了重大进展,仅2007年就发现62颗太阳系外行星,随着行星物理学、天体生物学等学科的兴起,必将掀起对太阳系外行星研究的一次浪潮.简要回顾了太阳系外行星研究的发展历史,介绍了探测太阳系外行星的主要方法和手段,并对方法本身的特点展开分析论述,列出了各种方法应用的最新进展.对已发现的270多颗太阳系外行星进行了统计分析,得出了一些预见性的结论. 相似文献
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几十年来,天文学家们一直在天空中搜寻围绕其他恒星公转的行星。但一直颗粒无收,直到1991年亚历山大·沃尔兹岑(Aleksander Wolszczan)和戴尔·弗雷尔(Dale Fral])在奇特的脉冲星PSR B1257+12周围发现了一个行星系统。4年后,米切尔·梅厄(Michel MaYor)和迪迪埃·克洛茨(D1dler Queloz)则在一颗普通的恒星飞马51周围发现了一颗木星大小的行星,它每4.2天就会绕其宿主恒星转动一周。 相似文献
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自从Maryor和Queloz于1995年在51Pegb周围发现了第1颗主序恒星系统内的行星以来,人类已经利用越来越精密的探测方法获得了更多的太阳系外行星系统的信息.截至2010年3月,人类已经探测到了431颗太阳系外行星,其中包含了45个多行星系统.从统计结果来看,系外行星系统的构型以及行星的特点与太阳系存在很多差异.研究这些系统的形成过程可以对太阳系的形成有更深刻的理解,并将推进行星系统形成理论的发展. 相似文献
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本文简要地介绍了目前太阳系外行星系统动力演化的研究现状。我们用数值模拟方法和并从分析的角度研究了GJ 876和HD 82 943。通过分析不同的共面和非共面构型 ,我们发现所有的稳定轨道都和2 :1共振有关 ,此外我们还发现在这两个系统内存在近星点共振—对应了两个行星的近星点经度之差在1 80 0或者 0 0附近秤动。这两种机制对维持行星系统的稳定性起了重要作用。 相似文献
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行星上的水是从哪里来的?科学家们正在从白矮星身上寻找证据。因其在已知生命演化的过程中所发挥的关键作用,对于研究太阳系外行星来说,寻找水是至关重要的。然而,寻找其他行星上的水目前仍是一项进行中的挑战。近十年来,在行星被白矮星瓦解和吞噬的过程中,科学家对它们的成分进行了探测。由于重元素很快就会下沉到它们富含氢和氨的表面之下,在白矮星上探测到的任何金属(除了氢和氮之外的所有元素)都必定来自落到它之上的行星残骸。得益于这个过程,相比于地球内部的成分,天文学家对死亡太阳系外行星的内部有了更多的了解。 相似文献
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2013年4月12日,国际天文学联合会(以下简称IAU)发布了一份《新闻公报(News Release)》IAU1301(以下简称(《公E1301》),标题是《行星命名权可以购买吗?——IAU对最近以来(太阳系外行星)名称的销售活动作出的回应》。IAU1301指出: 相似文献
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美国航天局的凌星系外行星巡天望远镜(Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope,简称TESS)任务由麻省理工学院的天体物理学家领导。该望远镜于2018年4月18日发射升空,主要目标就是寻找太阳系外行星. 相似文献
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随着对外太空探索脚步的加快,人类开始对与太阳系具有相似结构的恒星行星系统越来越感兴趣,因为它们有可能也拥有智慧生命。简单介绍了目前地外恒星行星系统的探测情况,分析了现在比较常用的几种探测方法的可行性和适用范围,重点讨论了利用视向速度法得到的结果及其意义。近年来,各种探索地外行星的小卫星的升空以及探测技术的进步使得大批高质量数据获得成为可能。可以预见,在未来几年内,地外恒星行星系统的探索将会进入一个蓬勃发展阶段。 相似文献
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W. Kley 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,87(1-2):85-97
We study the evolution of a system consisting of two protoplanets still embedded in a protoplanetary disk. Results of two different numerical approaches are presented. In the first kind of model the motion of the disk material is followed by fully viscous hydrodynamical simulations, and the planetary motion is determined by N-body calculations including exactly the gravitational potential from the disk material. In the second kind we only solve the N-body part and add additional analytically given forces which model the effect of the torques of the disk. This type of modeling is of course orders of magnitudes faster than the full hydro-model. Another advantage of this two-fold approach is the possibility of adjusting the otherwise unknown parameters of the simplified model.The results give very good agreement between the methods. Using two different initial setups for the planets and disk, we obtain in the first case a resonant trapping into the 3:1 resonance, and in the second case a trapping into the 2:1 resonance. Resonant capture leads to a rise in the eccentricity and to an alignment of the spatial orientation of orbits. The characteristics of the numerical results agree very favorably with those of three observed planetary systems (GJ 876, HD 82943, and 55 Cnc) known to be in mean motion resonances. 相似文献
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偏心率是描述天体运动轨道的重要参数之一, 能够为揭示天体的动力学演化提供重要线索, 进而帮助理解天体形成与演化的过程及背后的物理机制. 随着天文观测技术的不断发展, 人们对于天体运动轨道的研究已经走出太阳系, 包含的系统也从大质量端的恒星系统延伸到了低质量端的行星系统. 聚焦天体轨道偏心率研究, 回顾了目前在恒星系统(包括主序恒星、褐矮星以及致密星)和行星系统(包括太阳系外巨行星以及``超级地球''、``亚海王星''等小质量系外行星)方面取得的进展, 总结了不同尺度结构下偏心率研究的一些共同之处和待解决的问题. 并结合当下和未来的相关天文观测设备和项目, 对未来天体轨道偏心率方面的研究工作进行了展望. 相似文献
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Ji-Cheng Zhang Chen Cao Nan Song Fei-Ge Wang Xiao-Tong Zhang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2011,35(4):409
In order to make more accurate estimates of the physical parameters of extrasolar planets, the observation and research on the phenomena of transits of the 7 known stars with the planetary systems TrES-1, TrES-3, XO-2, WASP-1, WASP-2, WASP-3 and HAT-P-7 are carried out with the 1-m reflecting telescope at Shandong University Weihai Astronomical Observatory/Weihai Municipal Astronomical Observatory. The fundamental conditions of the observation and data processing are introduced, and the transit light curves as well as the parameters of some planets derived from them are given. At the same time, when the results are summarized and analyzed, the prospects for the more in-depth and detailed researches which will be further carried out are also described. 相似文献
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Xie Ji-wei 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2018,42(3):325-342
With the ceaseless progress of detecting technology, over 3500 exo-planets have been discovered. It is interesting but unexpected that the majority of the detected exoplanets are unlike any planets in our solar system. They have a size and mass between the Earth and the Neptune, and thus they are called as Super-Earths or Sub-Neptunes. In this article, I introduce these newly rising planets and review our current knowledge of their physical properties, orbital properties, and origins. Finally, I discuss the promising and exciting prospects. 相似文献
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In order to study the statistical characters and physical significance of the color indexes and orbital parameters of Centaurs, we have analyzed the color and orbit parameter correlations by using statistical methods according to the known color indexes of 39 Centaurs and their respective orbital parameters. We find that all the correlations of B − V vs. V − R, V − R vs. R − I, B − V vs. R − I and B − R vs. R − I are strong. The Centaurs exhibit obvious redblue double-color property, and the point of demarcation is close to B − R = 1.4. The distributions of the various color indexes of Centaurs exhibit the normal distribution. For the correlations between colors and orbital parameters, except for the weak correlations between B − V and the orbital inclination i as well as between V − R and the orbital semi-major axis a, no evident correlation has been found between color indexes and orbital parameters. 相似文献
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碎片盘通常被描述为贫气盘, 其气尘比显著低于原行星盘, 因此很少在碎片盘中探测到气体. 得益于各种灵敏的望远镜, 探测到气体的碎片盘的数量正在不断增加, 寻找更多的含有气体的碎片盘成为碎片盘研究的重点课题. 然而大范围的搜寻非常耗时且低效, 因而为了更快更好地遴选探测的目标, 需要根据这类源的特性择选更小范围样本. 通过统计探测到气体的碎片盘及其宿主恒星的参数总结出这些源的总体特性. 为此搜集了已经发表的探测到气体的碎片盘的文献, 总计找到37个源, 包括探测到CO等冷气体的12个源、CaII等热气体的14个源以及冷热气体共存的11个源. 通过统计其宿主恒星的光谱类型、年龄、离地球距离和碎片盘的相对光度、气体质量、尘埃质量等信息, 得出了主要结论: 宿主恒星多为B型和A型恒星, 年龄大部分都小于50Myr, 相对光度分布相比于已知碎片盘更为集中, 在$10^{ - 5 相似文献
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A statistical analysis of the type-III bursts observed by the spectrographs in the ranges of 625∼1500 MHz, 2600-3800 MHz, and 5200-7600 MHz during the 23rd solar cycle (from 2000 July to 2004 September) is carried out. The distribution of the type-III bursts, and their durations, frequency drift rates, polarization degrees and frequency bandwidths are given in this paper. The results indicate that the average values of the frequency drift rates and frequency bandwidths increase with the frequency. The average values of the durations and polarization degrees are neither constant nor uniformly varied over a broad frequency range. Most of type-III bursts are distributed in the range from 625 to 3800 MHz, and decrease with the frequency in number. This analysis shows that the places of electron acceleration and energy release are mainly in the decimetric range, and the characteristic of this frequency range is possibly related with the magnetic configuration at the decimeter wavelengths, as well as the electron acceleration in the magnetic reconnection site close to the main flare. However, there are also a considerable number of type-III bursts in the range of 5200-7600 MHz, it means that the sites of electron acceleration are widely distributed in the coronal region. The radiation mechanisms of type-III bursts at the centimeter-decimeter wavelengths include most probably the coherent plasma radiation and the emission process of electron cyclotron maser. 相似文献
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选取前文中所列出的29个累积光谱型为F型的球状星团中的3个作为样本,深入研究了初始观测资料的不确定性和选用不同的银河系引力势模型,对样本星团轨道参数的影响。首先采用Monte Carlo方法产生3个样本球状星团的模拟初始观测数据,而后,以这些模拟数据为初始条件,在3种不同的银河系引力势模型下进行轨道计算,得到此3个样本的模拟轨道参数。模拟计算的结果表明:根据模拟初始数据生成的样本轨道参数分布形态大致可分为高斯分布、准高斯分布和非高斯分布等3类;初始观测数据的不确定性对样本轨道参数分布的影响,与样本星团的选择和轨道参数的类型有关;选用不同的银河系引力势模型,对3个样本星团的各个轨道参数的分布和形态结构也会产生不同程度的影响。该工作的结果,可供深入研究球状星团的整体运动和动力学性质等问题参考。 相似文献