等高固氮植物篱技术——山区坡耕地保护开发利用的有效途径

固氮植物篱近年来被热带地区用作防治坡耕地的水土流失和肥力退化的有效手段。在地处亚热带金沙江干热河谷区的中国科学院成都生物研究所宁南持续发展实验站的研究结果表明：与传统顺坡耕作方式相比，利用新银合欢(L．1eucocephala)或山毛豆(T．candida)在坡耕地上每隔4m培植高密度的双行等高植物篱可使坡耕地的径流量平均减少49．6％以上，土壤侵蚀及其产生的养分流失均减少98％以上，土壤有机质、全氮、阳离子交换量等养分有很大程度的恢复和改善。农作物产量得以维持和提高，这说明等高固氮植物篱对我国亚热带坡耕地的水土保持和土壤改良同样具有十分良好的效果。     

生物炭对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)连作土壤的改良作用

连作障碍严重影响兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的产量和品质。生物炭在土壤改良中具有一定的作用。将竹炭和稻壳炭加入兰州百合连作土壤,测定了土壤生物化学性质,探讨生物炭对连作退化土壤的改良效应。结果表明:(1)生物炭的添加提高了百合连作土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量。(2)生物炭的施用在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性。(3)利用Illumina Miseq平台检测了土壤样品微生物群落,与对照相比,添加生物炭使微生物群落结构发生了明显的变化,有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的丰度升高,而兰州百合主要致病真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的丰度下降,降低了枯萎病发生的可能。(4)在盆栽试验中,各处理的根系活力和生物量皆高于对照,生物量提高11.85%～13.21%,根系活力提高了57.88%～58.88%。施用生物炭对克服兰州百合的连作障碍、提高土壤肥力有明显的促进作用。     

砂田集雨补灌对西瓜产量和土壤水分的影响

砂田在干旱半干旱地区是传统保水保墒的耕作方式,至今已有300多年的历史。对传统的砂田配合现代集雨滴灌技术种植西瓜,供试品种是西农8号,试验处理为集雨滴灌砂田(DSF),传统砂田(CSF),不覆砂的传统土田(CEF)。通过甘肃景泰十里砂河村的田间试验表明,产量比传统砂田提高近3倍。产量提高最主要的因素是在西瓜水分受到胁迫的几个关键需水期,及时实施了集雨补灌技术。从田间水分变化分析了集雨补灌砂田的增产机理。     

Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities in Subtropical Forest Soil Aggregates to Ammonium and Nitrate-Nitrogen Additions

A laboratory incubation experiment was established to examine the impacts of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen additions on soil microbial attributes of a subtropical Pinus elliottii forest ecosystem in southern China. Soils were subjected to three different treatments: the control with no nitrogen addition (CK), the ammonium nitrogen addition (NH₄⁺-N), and the nitrate nitrogen addition (NO₃^--N). Samples from bulk and two different size fractions (macroaggregate (>250 μm) and microaggregate (53-250 μm)) were analyzed for soil properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities on day 7 and 15 of the incubation. Our study demonstrated that NH₄⁺-N had a greater influence on soil microbial activities than NO₃^--N. NH₄⁺-N additions resulted in significant increases in β-1,4-glucosidase (βG) and β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate and microaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation. NO₃^--N additions only significantly increased in βG and NAG enzyme activities in bulk, macroaggregate soils after 7 and 15 days incubation, but not in microaggregate. All NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N additions resulted in significant increases in gram-positive bacterial PLFAs in microaggregates. Only a significant correlation between soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in macroaggregates was founded, which suggests that the soil aggregation structure played an important role in the determining enzyme activities.     

覆砂年限对砂田砂层质量、土壤水热状况及西瓜生长的影响

为探明砂田土壤水、热状况乃至西瓜生长发育随覆砂年限的变化趋势,为提高中、老砂田的生产效率提供理论依据,本试验选取了5～40年砂田为研究对象,对其砂层含土量、砂层厚度、土壤水热效应及西瓜生长发育进行了研究。结果表明:铺砂年限每增加一年,砂层含土量平均增加0.6%左右,砂层厚度减少0.12 cm左右;西瓜生育期内,10、15、20、30、40年砂田较5年砂田0～20 cm土层积温分别降低了47.68、117.28、122.49、206.56、320.06 ℃;1 m土层内土壤贮水量分别下降了11.74、33.15、39.31、51.99、57.3 mm,表现出新砂田与中砂田较老砂田的增温、保墒效果均随着土层的加深递减,且该趋势在西瓜生育前期较强,中后期逐渐减弱。西瓜生育期随着铺砂年限的延长而延长,土壤水、热状况及西瓜产量、品质、水分利用效率均随着种植年限的延长而逐渐降低,以30年砂田为对照,5、10、15、20年砂田西瓜产量分别增加了170.91%、85.06%、58.76%、46.83%;西瓜含糖量分别提高了1.7%、1.6%、1.3%和0.8%;水分利用效率分别提高了83.48%、35.18%、35.35%和31.50%。     

Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.     

人工草地种植模式对沙化土壤团聚体及有机质含量的影响

通过连续6年定位试验,研究了紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）单播、多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）单播、紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播3种种植模式对豫北地区土壤团聚体及其有机碳和土壤有机质的影响,并利用分形维数对土壤团聚体特性进行了量化研究。结果表明：沙化裸地和3种种植模式下土壤机械稳定性团聚体以5~3 mm和3~2 mm粒径为主,土壤水稳性团聚体以<0.25 mm粒径为主;与沙化裸地相比,3种种植模式下5~3 mm和3~2 mm 粒径土壤机械稳定性团聚体含量显著增加,而土壤水稳性团聚体的变化主要表现为<0.25 mm粒径显著减少,3~2 mm和2~0.5 mm粒径显著增加,同时≥2 mm粒径的土壤机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体有机碳含量明显增加;与沙化裸地相比,3种种植模式下土壤有机质含量均不同程度地增加,紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播 > 紫花苜蓿单播 > 多年生黑麦草单播,且随土层的加深而降低,呈现表聚性特征;无论机械稳定性还是水稳性团聚体,土壤质量分形维数（D_m）沙化裸地 > 多年生黑麦草单播 > 紫花苜蓿单播 > 紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播;5~3 mm和3~2 mm粒径的土壤机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体与有机碳含量极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与土壤有机质含量极显著相关（P<0.01）。相对于沙化裸地,豫北地区人工草地建植6年后能够有效改善土壤团聚体特性,优化土壤主要理化性状,其中又以紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播为最佳的种植模式。     

耕作方式对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地土壤团粒的影响

以甘肃干旱区连作5年和轮作1年的苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地土壤为研究对象,对不同耕作方式下土壤团粒结构、容重、含水量指标进行研究。结果表明:在轮作和连作模式下,随着土壤深度的增加,0.25mm土壤团粒质量在干筛和湿筛处理下均降低,0.25mm团粒累积质量越大,分形维数越小。在浸水条件下,粒径为0.5~0.25mm的土壤团聚体含量最高,其它粒径团聚体含量依粒径的增大而降低。轮作土壤含水量呈现先增加后降低、最后再增加的变化过程;0~60cm土层水分含量最高(13.881%),60~80cm土层含水量下降到较低值(10.343%),80~100cm土层水分迅速恢复(13.811%)。连作和轮作土壤容重随土壤深度均呈现依次增大变化,连作最大值为1.425%比最小值高出17.6%,轮作最大值1.432%比最小值高出18.7%。     

生物炭对岩溶区玉米生长、土壤CO2及岩溶作用的影响

为研究生物炭对岩溶区玉米生长、土壤CO₂体积分数和排放速率及岩溶作用的影响,通过野外盆栽试验,将蔗渣生物炭分别以土壤质量分数为0%（CK）、0.5%（T1）、1%（T2）、2%（T3）和5%（T4）添加到石灰土中,并栽培玉米。测定玉米生育期中土壤CO2体积分数和排放速率、土壤淋溶水中Ca2+和 质量分数;并测试玉米收割后土壤有机碳质量分数和容重及玉米生物量。结果表明,添加生物炭增加土壤有机碳质量分数,显著降低了土壤容重;2%和5%生物炭添加显著增加了玉米秸秆干重、玉米棒干重和玉米根干重;在玉米苗期,5%生物炭添加显著增加了土壤CO₂体积分数和排放速率;在玉米拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期,2%和5%生物炭添加显著增加了土壤CO^₂体积分数、排放速率以及在此期间收集的土壤淋溶水Ca²⁺和 质量分数。由此可见,蔗渣生物炭作为岩溶区石灰土改良剂,在一定程度上改良石灰土性质,促进了玉米生长,提高了岩溶区土壤CO2的体积分数和排放速率,加快了岩溶作用。     

砂田退化对土壤温度和蒸发影响的模拟研究

根据砂田不同耕作年份实地取样,并进行粒径分析,结果表明,砂层中混入的土含量随着砂田耕作年限增加而逐步增加;参照实地取样后粒径分析,以砂层混入土的不同重量百分比梯度设置处理T1-5%、T2-10%、T3-20%、T4-25%、T5-30%、T6-40%,并设对照CK1(纯砂砾覆盖)和CK2(无覆盖裸地),进行温度变化和蒸发效应的模拟研究。结果表明,5 cm、10 cm的土壤温度在8:00和20:00均随着退化程度的加重而降低,而在中午则呈横置S状;与对照纯砂砾覆盖CK1相比日高温延时性随退化程度加重而逐步减弱,日积温减小且昼夜温差增大;蒸发强度随着砂田退化程度的加重而逐渐增强,无覆盖处理蒸发量约是纯砂砾覆盖蒸发量的3倍,而严重退化的处理T5 、T6分别是纯砾石覆盖的2倍,即严重退化砂田年蒸发量要比CK1多110 mm。     

祁连山西段草地土壤氮矿化及影响因子的关系研究

以祁连山西段草地土壤氮为研究对象,采用PVC管野外培养法,测定分析土壤氮及其理化指标,计算氮矿化量、矿化速率,分析引起土壤氮矿化的主要环境变量。结果表明：（1） 全氮、pH值在海拔上均差异显著（P<0.05）,有机质差异不显著（P>0.05）, NH⁺ ₄-N在2 700 m、2 800 m、2 850 m、2 900 m、3 000 m、3 050 m差异显著（P<0.05）,其他海拔差异不显著（P>0.05）,NO₃^--N在海拔上差异显著（P<0.05）。（2） 野外培养能促进土壤氮矿化,矿化速率在海拔上遵循二次多项式。（3） 土壤理化指标对土壤氮矿化速率影响大小依次为：pH值 > K > NH₄⁺-N>全氮>水分>温度>容重,土壤氮矿化速率与全氮、K、pH值、NH₄⁺-N、水分之间均有较显著的相关性（P<0.05）,与全氮、K、NH₄⁺-N、水分之间有二次多项式显著相关性,与pH值有显著的线型正相关,容重有对数正相关,土温有幂函数正相关,后两者相关性不强。（4） 通过研究发现能促进土壤氮矿化各变量因子的赋值范围为：pH值（7.2～8.4）、水分（21.8%～33.27%）、土温（4.41～8.91 ℃）。     

Soil moisture of different vegetation types on the Loess Plateau

Water stored in deep loess soil is one of the most important resources regulating vegetation growth in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, but planted shrub and forest often disrupt the natural water cycle and in turn influence plant growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of main vegetation types on soil moisture and its inter- annual change. Soil moisture in 0–10 m depth of six vegetation types, i.e., crop, grass, planted shrub of caragana, planted forests of arborvitae, pine and the mixture of pine and arborvitae were measured in 2001, 2005 and 2006. Soil moisture in about 0–3 m of cropland and about 0–2 m of other vegetation types varied inter-annually dependent on annual precipitation, but was stable inter-annually below these depths. In 0–2 m, soil moisture of cropland was significantly greater than those of all other vegetation types, and there were no significant differences among other vegetation types. In 2–10 m, there was no significant moisture difference between cropland and grassland, but the soil moistures under both of them were significantly higher than those of planted shrub and forests. The planted shrub and forests had depleted soil moisture below 2 m to or near permanent wilting point, and there were no significant moisture differences among forest types. The soil moisture of caragana shrub was significantly lower than those of forests, but the absolute difference was very small. The results of this study implicated that the planted shrub and forests had depleted deep soil moisture to the lowest limits to which they could extract and they lived mainly on present year precipitation for transpiration.     

Assessment on environmental quality of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Chongming Island, Shanghai City

The environmental quality of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg) in agricultural surface soil of Chongming Island was assessed by national, local and professional standards based on a large scale investigation, in which 28 samples from vegetable plots, 65 samples from paddy fields and 9 samples from watermelon fields were collected from whole island area. Results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg was 21.6 mg·kg-1 , 0.176 mg·kg-1, 69.4 mg·kg-1, 9.209 mg·kg-1 and 0.128 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the background value of Shanghai City soil, except for Pb and Cr, all the other heavy metals average concentrations in Chongming Island agricultural surface soil exceeded their corresponding natural-background values. The concentrations of Cd, As and Hg were 33.0%, 1.2% and 26.3% higher than the background value of Shanghai City, respectively. In addition, inverse distance interpolation (IDW) tool of GIS was also applied to study the spatial variation of heavy metals. The results indicated that most of agricultural soil quality was good, and the ratio of ecological, good soil, certified soil and disqualified soil were 1.26%, 97.1%, 1.47% and 0.12%, respectively. About 10.1%, 85.7%, 27.0%, 55.4% and 55.2% soil samples exceeded the Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg background value of Shanghai City, respectively. Among these three land use type soils, vegetable soil was most seriously polluted by heavy metals, which is probably related to the over-application of pesticides. The annual deposition fluxes of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 7736 μg·m-2·a-1, 208 μg·m-2·a-1, 2238 μg·m-2·a-1 and 52.8 μg·m-2·a-1, respectively. Crop straw burning was the important source of heavy metals of atmospheric deposition, and atmospheric deposition contributed a lot to heavy metals in agricultural soil in Chongming Island.     

小麦和苜蓿根系分泌物中饱和烃馏分

为深入研究根系分泌物对根际土中有机物贡献的特点,用柱色层族组成分离方法, 对小麦和苜蓿根际土及二者交界地中提出的可溶有机物采用了GC/MS分析测定。从样品的非极性馏分中分析检测出正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃及酯类3个系列的生物标志化合物,并对小麦地、苜蓿地及二者的交界地中的正构烷烃的奇偶优势比（OEP）、∑C₂₂^-/∑C₂₃⁺比值和姥植比（Pr/Ph）进行了分析比较。小麦和苜蓿的GC/MS的主峰均为nC₃₁,正构烷烃奇偶优势比OEP值大小顺序为苜蓿地>交界地>小麦地,且三者数值均>1.4。正构烷烃∑C₂₂^-/∑C₂₃⁺比值大小顺序为小麦地>交界地>苜蓿地。姥植比（Pr/Ph）的比较结果为苜蓿地>交界地>小麦地。这表明小麦和苜蓿根系分泌物进入土壤后演化程度不一样,小麦地有机质演化程度高于苜蓿地。     

不同植被类型的土壤水分对黄土高原的影响

Water stored in deep loess soil is one of the most important resources regulating vegetation growth in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, but planted shrub and forest often disrupt the natural water cycle and in turn influence plant growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of main vegetation types on soil moisture and its inter-annual change. Soil moisture in 0–10 m depth of six vegetation types, i.e., crop, grass, planted shrub of caragana, planted forests of arborvitae, pine and the mixture of pine and arborvitae were measured in 2001, 2005 and 2006. Soil moisture in about 0–3 m of cropland and about 0–2 m of other vegetation types varied inter-annually dependent on annual precipitation, but was stable inter-annually below these depths. In 0–2 m, soil moisture of cropland was significantly greater than those of all other vegetation types, and there were no significant differences among other vegetation types. In 2–10 m, there was no significant moisture difference between cropland and grassland, but the soil moistures under both of them were significantly higher than those of planted shrub and forests. The planted shrub and forests had depleted soil moisture below 2 m to or near permanent wilting point, and there were no significant moisture differences among forest types. The soil moisture of caragana shrub was significantly lower than those of forests, but the absolute difference was very small. The results of this study implicated that the planted shrub and forests had depleted deep soil moisture to the lowest limits to which they could extract and they lived mainly on present year precipitation for transpiration.     

无灌溉人工固沙区土壤有机碳及氮含量变异的初步结论

对降水量小于200mm的沙坡头无灌溉条件下人工植被固沙区土壤有机碳和全氮含量变异进行研究。结果表明, 流沙在固定过程中, 人工植被固沙体系的营建改善了成土环境, 促进了生物地球化学循环, 使土壤碳、氮的含量和分布规律发生了变化: ①固沙区土壤有机碳和全氮含量及C/N均高于流沙区, 随土层深度增加土壤有机碳和全氮含量呈逐渐降低趋势, 而C/N呈逐渐升高趋势; ②不同年限固沙区间土壤有机碳、全氮含量及C/N变异小于土层垂直方向的变异; ③不同年限固沙区土层垂直方向土壤有机碳和全氮含量及C/N变异较大, 变异主要存在于结皮层及其下土层(0~5cm); ④流沙区土壤碳、氮含量及C/N低于固沙区, 而且在土层垂直方向上基本无变异。     

黑土坡耕地土壤有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系——以黑龙江省鹤山农场为例

选取黑龙江省鹤山农场面积为0.91 km²的典型黑土区的坡耕地作为研究样地。按横纵100 m间隔共采集101个样点,运用地理信息系统和地统计学相结合的方法研究分析0~15 cm土层有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系。结果表明：位于典型黑土区样地的有机质含量集中在3%~5%范围内,均值为4.13%,高于黑龙江省的有机质平均水平。有机质含量空间变异明显,且主要受土壤侵蚀的影响：高侵蚀区对应低有机质区,中度侵蚀区对应中等有机质区,沉积区对应高有机质区。顺坡种植平均坡度2.2°时,每侵蚀1 000 t/km²土壤,有机质含量降低0.8%。土壤有机质空间变异可采用球状模型表达,自相关明显,进一步表明土壤侵蚀导致的再分布。对比分析确定200 m采样间距能够能准确表达该区表层有机质含量的空间特征,为精准施肥提供了采样依据。     

氮肥对三江平原沼泽土氧化CH4的影响

三江平原新鲜沼泽土添加不同量的NH₄HCO₃后,在25°C下进行了6次连续培养。首次在大气浓度CH₄(约1.8 μl/l)中培养时,供试沼泽土氧化大气CH₄速率与NH₄HCO₃的加入量成反比,表明NH₄⁺最初抑制沼泽土氧化大气浓度CH₄。第1次用高浓度CH₄(约8 000 μl/l)培养沼泽土时,铵态氮抑制供试沼泽土氧化高浓度CH₄,但随着培养的继续,铵态氮的抑制作用逐渐减弱,最终转变为促进供试沼泽土氧化高浓度CH₄。经过高浓度CH₄培养后,添加NH₄HCO₃的供试沼泽土氧化大气CH₄速率上升2.6~5倍,且与NH₄HCO₃的加入量呈正相关,表明铵态氮肥最初对沼泽土氧化CH₄的抑制作用已经转变为促进作用。铵态氮对沼泽土氧化大气浓度CH₄和高浓度CH₄的抑制作用都是短暂的,其长期作用将是促进沼泽土氧化CH₄。     

Spatial variation and driving mechanism of soil organic carbon components in the alluvial/sedimentary zone of the Yellow River

Alluviation and sedimentation of the Yellow River are important factors influencing the surface soil structure and organic carbon content in its lower reaches. Selecting Kaifeng and Zhoukou as typical cases of the Yellow River flooding area, the field survey, soil sample collection, laboratory experiment and Geographic Information System(GIS) spatial analysis methods were applied to study the spatial distribution characteristics and change mechanism of organic carbon components at different soil depths. The results revealed that the soil total organic carbon(TOC), active organic carbon(AOC) and nonactive organic carbon(NOC) contents ranged from 0.05–30.03 g/kg, 0.01–8.86 g/kg and 0.02–23.36 g/kg, respectively. The TOC, AOC and NOC contents in the surface soil layer were obviously higher than those in the lower soil layer, and the sequence of the content and change range within a single layer was TOCNOCAOC. Geostatistical analysis indicated that the TOC, AOC and NOC contents were commonly influenced by structural and random factors, and the influence magnitudes of these two factors were similar. The overall spatial trends of TOC, AOC and NOC remained relatively consistent from the 0–20 cm layer to the 20–100 cm layer, and the transition between high-and low-value areas was obvious, while the spatial variance was high. The AOC and NOC contents and spatial distribution better reflected TOC spatial variation and carbon accumulation areas. The distribution and depth of the sediment, agricultural land-use type, cropping system, fertilization method, tillage process and cultivation history were the main factors impacting the spatial variation in the soil organic carbon(SOC) components. Therefore, increasing the organic matter content, straw return, applying organic manure, adding exogenous particulate matter and conservation tillage are effective measures to improve the soil quality and attain sustainable agricultural development in the alluvial/sedimentary zone of the Yellow River.     

不同植被类型对厚层黄土剖面水分含量的影响

为了研究不同植被类型土壤水分差异和土壤水分的年际变化特征, 对陕西省绥德县境 内的农地、天然草地、人工柠条林、人工侧柏林、人工油松林、人工油松侧柏混交林地0~10 m 土壤剖面的土壤水分含量进行了测定与分析。农地土壤约在3 m 以上、其他植被类型约在 2 m 以上土层的土壤含水量随年降雨量的大小存在年际变化, 且农地土壤含水量显著高于其 他植被类型, 其他植被类型间无显著性差异。0~2 m 土层农地土壤水分在不同测定年份始终在易效水以上, 但其他植被类型的土壤水分随降雨量的不同变化于难效- 无效水与易效水之间。农地3 m、其他植被类型约2 m 以下的土壤含水量无显著性年际变化。农地与天然草地 土壤含水量显著高于其他人工林植被, 但二者含水量之间无显著差异, 土壤水分都属易效水 范围。人工柠条灌木林土壤水分显著低于其他植被类型, 人工侧柏林、人工油松林和人工油 松侧柏混交林之间土壤含水量无显著性差异。人工柠条林土壤水分属于难效-无效水范围, 人工乔木林接近难效-无效水范围。