西准噶尔谢米斯台山中段晚石炭世A型花岗岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

西准噶尔谢米斯台山中段发育大量晚石炭世A型花岗岩, 岩性主要为石英正长岩-正长花岗岩-正长花岗斑岩-二长花岗岩。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年, 获得正长花岗斑岩、石英正长岩、正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩年龄加权平均值分别为301.7±2.5 Ma、302.1±3.6 Ma、301.6±3.1 Ma和305.3±2.5 Ma。岩石属高钾钙碱性和钾玄岩系列, 具有高硅、富碱、过铝质、贫钙、低镁、高TFeO/MgO值(>3.45)等特征, 同时岩石相对富集轻稀土元素(Eu除外)和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K), 相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta元素, 强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti元素, 与典型铝质A型花岗岩特征一致。岩石εHf(t)均为正值(8.93~14.82, 平均12.64), 二阶段模式年龄(正长花岗岩平均452.01 Ma、二长花岗岩平均565.17 Ma)与形成年龄相近。认为该地区A型花岗岩形成于后碰撞伸展背景, 由于软流圈上涌, 诱发了俯冲流体交代过的下地壳发生部分熔融, 岩浆演化过程中经历了斜长石、辉石、磷灰石、榍石等矿物的结晶分异, 并在岩浆活动初期具有火山弧印迹(A2型), 随着板内进一步伸展, 出现了板内裂谷特征(A1型), 为区域地质演化提供了新的依据。     

西准噶尔南部地区新发现的A_1型花岗岩成因机制及深部动力学意义

正作为指示地壳伸展构造背景的重要标志之一,A型花岗岩因其特殊的地球化学特征、岩石成因及地球动力学背景,倍受国内外学者关注,其中A_1型代表了裂谷或板内伸展有关的非造山伸展环境,A_2型则代表了岛弧、后碰撞、陆内剪切等后造山背景下的伸展(Eby,1992)。洪大卫等(1995)也提出拉张程度的差异是产生非造山和后造山A型花岗岩的重要因素。因此,A型花岗岩的成因研究可为约束区域构造演化提供重要依据。     

内蒙古东北部阿龙山地区早白垩世A型花岗岩特征及其意义

内蒙古东北部阿龙山地区的早白垩世花岗岩岩体就位于火山喷发形成的塌陷破火山口中央或火山断裂中,岩石类型有石英二长(斑)岩、晶洞正长花岗岩、文象碱长石英正长岩等.岩石普遍具文象结构、晶洞构造,但未见碱性暗色矿物;岩石化学上具高硅、富碱和富铝、低钛镁等特征,且岩石中富集高场强元素(HFSE),在微量元素蛛网图中出现Sr、Ba相对亏损,稀土配分曲线呈轻稀土富集的不对称右倾海鸥型,δEu亏损中等,岩石具较低的εNd(t)值(-3.00)和低的86Sr/87Sr初始值(0.708734).以上岩体的岩石学、主微量元素及同位素特征表明,岩体具有铝质A1型花岗岩的特征,其成因与陆内巨量火山喷发造成的伸展、崩塌机制有关,反映了非造山板内拉张的构造环境.     

内蒙古中部达来地区晚侏罗世A型花岗岩:地球化学特征、岩石成因与地质意义

A型花岗岩的成因研究是揭示重要壳幔相互作用和伸展型地球动力学过程的重要窗口。离子探针锆石U-Pb测年指示内蒙古中部达来地区的达来庙钾长花岗岩岩株大约于晚侏罗世(160.1±1.8Ma)侵位。岩体Si O2含量介于69.8%~73.9%,富碱铁,贫钙镁;富集大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,发育明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.20~0.68)。这指示达来庙花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征。同时岩石具有低全岩Sri(87Sr/86Sri=0.70504~0.70523),低正全岩εNd(t)(+2.1~+2.3)以及高正的锆石εHf(t)(+7.0~+11.5)和高锆石δ18O(6.7‰~7.7‰)等同位素特征。元素同位素地球化学示踪指示达来庙花岗岩可能源于新增生中基性地壳物质的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。一方面,达来庙花岗岩和蒙古-华北北部地块分散分布的其他A型花岗岩共同见证了有别于早白垩世大规模上地壳伸展的中晚侏罗世弥散状中下地壳伸展行为;另一方面,蒙古-华北北部地块晚中生代两段式的地壳伸展轨迹记录了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域造山后的重力垮塌过程。     

内蒙狼山北部古元古代变质花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学——哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的岩浆记录

内蒙狼山宝音图地区前寒武纪地质体由古元古代宝音图群、片麻状花岗岩、混合岩和斜长角闪岩等组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-Ms U-Pb测年获得了宝音图变质花岗岩的形成年龄为1644±11Ma~1710±20Ma。岩石学、地球化学研究表明片麻状钠长花岗岩具有高Si O_2(77.08%~79.96%)、高碱(K_2O+Na_2O)(4.46%~7.26%),低Ti O_2(0.088%~0.17%)、MgO(0.036%~0.37%)、Ca O(0.17%~1.19%)及中等Al_2O_3含量(12.12%~14.10%);Na_2OK_2O,A/CNK为0.88~1.091.1,属弱铝质;里特曼指数б=0.54~1.551.8,表明属于钙质系列;10000Ga/Al=3.43~12.46(均值为5.182.6)及较高的含铁指数[Fe O/(Fe O+MgO)=0.57~0.94],显示了低钾钙性A型花岗岩的特点。片麻状二长花岗岩具有高Si O_2(73.65%~77.63%),低Ti O_2(0.11%~0.27%)、MgO(0.25%~0.80%)、Al_2O_3(11.68%~12.72%)、Ca O(0.24%~0.99%)含量,基本与片麻状钠长花岗岩相近;同时具有高碱(K_2O+Na_2O)含量(6.84%~9.31%),低的Na_2O/K_2O比值(0.53~1.62),钾含量明显高于与片麻状钠长花岗岩;A/NCK为0.96~1.86,б=2.06~2.801.8~3.3为钙碱性系列,显示高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩的特点。两类片麻状花岗岩均具有稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损的特征,具有明显Eu的负异常;构造判别图解均指示为陆内非造山型A型花岗岩。全岩同位素分析表明具有弱富集-亏损的同位素组成,其中ε_(Nd)(t)为小的负值到小的正值(-4.91~+2.41),两阶段Nd模式年龄t_(DM2)为1.95~2.58Ga;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)均为正值(+1.5~+8.0),两阶段Hf模式年龄t_(DM2)(1.73~2.31Ga),Nd-Hf模式年龄均高于其形成年龄,揭示源自古元古代新生下部陆壳物质的部分熔融,并有少量幔源物质的加入。与华北北缘、欧美大陆的古元古代非造山作用形成的岩浆岩相似,宝音图变质花岗岩时代上与哥伦比亚超大陆的裂解事件(1.7~1.6Ga)具有一致性,可能是全球哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的构造岩浆响应。     

Multiple sources for the origin of granites: Geochemical and Nd/Sr isotopic evidence from the Gudaoling granite and its mafic enclaves, northeast China

Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic data have been determined for mafic to intermediate microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the Early Cretaceous Gudaoling batholith in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. The rocks include monzogranite, porphyric granodiorite and quartz diorite. Monzogranites have relatively high ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.672-0.853), low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7052-0.7086) and ε _Nd(t) values (−18.5 to −20.9) indicating that they were mainly derived from a newly underplated crustal source with a short crustal residence time. Quartz diorites have high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7118-0.7120) and negative ε _Nd(t) values (−13.2 to −18.1) coupled with high Al₂O₃ and MgO contents, indicating they were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with contributions of radiogenic Sr from plagioclase-rich metagreywackes or meta-igneous rocks, i.e., ancient lower crust. Two groups of enclaves with igneous textures and abundant acicular apatites are distinguished: dioritic enclaves and biotite monzonitic enclaves. Dioritic enclaves have low Al₂O₃ (13.5-16.4 wt%) and high MgO (Mg# = ∼72.3) concentrations, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7058-0.7073) and negative ε _Nd(t) values (∼−7.2), and are enriched in LILEs and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs, suggesting they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Biotite monzonitic enclaves have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions similar to the monzogranites, indicating they were crystal cumulates of the parental magmas of these monzogranites. Granodiorites have transitional geochemistry and Nd- and Sr-isotopic compositions, intermediate between the monzogranites, quartz diorites and the enclaves.Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic compositions rule-out simple crystal-liquid fractionation or restite unmixing as the major genetic link between enclaves and host rocks. Instead, magma mixing of mafic mantle-derived and juvenile crustal-derived magmas, coupled with crystal fractionation and assimilation of ancient lower crust, is compatible with the data. This example shows that at least some calc-alkaline granitoids are not produced by pure intracrustal melting, but formed through a complex, multi-stage hybridization process, involving mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and several concomitant magmatic processes (crystal fractionation, crustal assimilation and crustal anatexis).     

八达岭基性岩和高Ba—Sr花岗岩地球化学特征及成因探讨：华北和大别—苏鲁造山带中生代岩浆岩的对比

八达岭杂岩侵位于华北北部，由辉长闪长岩岩、石英闪长岩、石英二长岩、二长闪长岩、二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和石英正长岩等组成，主要属高钾钙碱性系列。除了含V-Ti磁铁矿的堆晶辉长闪长岩，整套岩石的主量元素变化范围较大，SiO2=46.5%-75.3%,MgO=5.6%-0.2%，中酸性岩石的K2O/NaO为0.59-1.09。碱长花岗岩和少数石英二长岩Ba和Sr含量较低，且具有明显（Eu）负异常。大多数中酸性岩石（高Ba-Sr花岗岩）具有如下显著的微量元素地球化学特征：Ba,Sr和轻稀土（LREE）富集，Y和重稀土（HREE）亏损，LREE/HREE强烈分离，Sr/Y和La/Yb比值较高；在原始地幔标准化的蛛网图中具有显著的Nb,Ta和Ti亏损，不具明显的Sr和Eu亏损。在Harker图解中，基性岩石和高Ba-Sr花岗岩的主量元素相关性明显，两者还具有相似的微量元素和稀土（REE）分配特征，并且，REE,Y,Sr,P和Ti含量从基性到酸性逐渐降低。辉长闪长岩和高Ba-Sr花岗岩的Sr-Nd同位素初始值呈EMI特征（Isr=0.7051-0.7068,εNdi=-8.2-20.2），大致呈负相关。地球化学特征表明基性岩浆为富集的大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成，而高Ba-Sr花岗岩则为基性岩浆通过陆壳混染和结晶分离形成；富P和Ti的副矿物（如磷灰石和的榍石）的分离结晶导致了REE,P和Ti丰度的逐渐降低。另外，华北板块内部和大别-苏鲁造山带基性岩和高Ba-Sr花岗岩分别具有相似的地球化学特征，这表明，上述地区燕山期大规模岩浆活动具有相似的地球动力学机制，大别-苏鲁造山带岩浆岩的地球化学特征并不反映其地幔源区一定受到过来自深俯冲的扬子板块的流体的富集作用。岩石圈的拆沉和减簿作用可能导致了华北板块和大别-苏鲁造山带下古老岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，岩石圈地幔的富集作用可能主要性发生于元古代。     

Geochronological, geochemical and geothermal constraints on petrogenesis of the Indosinian peraluminous granites in the South China Block: A case study in the Hunan Province

The Indosinian granites in the South China Block (SCB) have important tectonic significance for the evolution of East Asia. Samples collected from Hunan Province can be geochemically classified into two groups. Group 1 is strongly peraluminous (A/CNK > 1.1), similar to S-type granites, and Group 2 has A/CNK = 1.0–1.1, with an affinity to I-type granites. Group 1 has lower FeOt, Al₂O₃, MgO, CaO, TiO₂ and ε_Nd(t) values but higher K₂O + Na₂O, Rb/Sr, Rb/Ba and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) than those of Group 2. Samples of both groups have similar LREE enriched pattern, with (Eu/Eu) = 0.19–0.69, and strongly negative Ba, Sr, Nb, P and Ti anomalies. Geothermobarometry study indicates that the precursor magmas were emplaced at high-level depth with relatively low temperature (734–827 °C). Geochemical data suggest that Group 1 was originated from a source dominated by pelitic composition and Group 2 was from a mixing source of pelitic and basaltic rocks with insignificant addition of newly mantle-derived magma. Eight granitic samples in Hunan Province are dated at the cluster of 243–235 and 218–210 Ma by zircon U–Pb geochronology. Together with recent zircon U–Pb ages for other areas in the SCB, two age-clusters, including 243–228 Ma just after peak-metamorphism ( 246–252 Ma) and 220–206 Ma shortly after magma underplating event (224 Ma), are observed. It is proposed that in-situ radiogenic heating from the over-thickened crust induced dehydrated reaction of muscovite and epidote/zoisite to form the early Indosinian granites in response to the isostatic readjustments of tectonically thickened crust. Conductive heating from the underplating magma in the postcollisional setting triggered the formation of late Indosinian granites. Such a consideration is supported by the results from FLAC numerical simulation.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of post-collisional alkaline and peralkaline granites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a case study from the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula,Egypt

The southern Sinai Peninsula, underlain by the northernmost extension of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, exposes post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granites that represent the youngest phase of late Neoproterozoic igneous activity. We report a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of post-collisional plutons of alkaline and, in some cases, peralkaline granite. These granites intrude metamorphosed country rocks as well as syn- and post-collisional calc-alkaline granitoids. The alkaline and peralkaline granites of the southern tip of Sinai divide into three subgroups: syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite granite. The rocks of these subgroups essentially consist of alkali feldspar and quartz with variable amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. The syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite contain small amounts of calcic amphibole and biotite, often less than 3%, while the riebeckite granite is distinguished by sodic amphibole (5–10%). These plutons have geochemical signatures typical of post-collisional A-type granites and were most likely emplaced during a transition between orogenic and anorogenic settings. The parental mafic magma may be linked to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle material. Differentiation of the underplated basaltic magma with contributions from the juvenile crust eventually yielded the post-collisional alkaline granites. Petrogenetic modelling of the studied granitic suite shows that pure fractional crystallization cannot quantitatively explain chemical variations with the observed suite, with both major oxides and several trace elements displaying trends opposite to those required by the equilibrium phase assemblage. Instead, we show that compositional variation from syenogranite through alkali feldspar granite to riebeckite granite is dominated by mixing between a low-SiO₂ liquid as primitive or more primitive than the lowest-SiO₂ syenogranite and an evolved, high-SiO₂ liquid that might be a high-degree partial melt of lower crust.     

Sm–Nd isotopic investigation of Neoproterozoic and Cretaceous igneous rocks from southern Brazil: A study of magmatic processes

Nd-evolutionary paths for diversified igneous suites from southern Brazil are here re-evaluated using published results. We interpret the ε_Nd paths considering the secondary fractionation of ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd due to major petrogenetic processes. The inclusion of Nd isotopes and geochemical data for Precambrian and Mesozoic basic rocks allow improving the discussion on the subcontinental lithosphere beneath southern Brazil. Late Neoproterozoic rocks, mostly granitoids, are exposed in two regions of the southern Brazilian shield, an eastern collisional belt and a western foreland. The latter included two geotectonic domains amalgamated at this time, the São Gabriel Arc (900–700 Ma), and the Taquarembó cratonic block. Magma genesis mainly involved mixture of crustal and incompatible-element-enriched mantle components, both with a long residence time. Continental segments are the Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic lower crust (ca. 2.55 Ga) in the western foreland, and Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic recycled crust (2.1–0.8 Ga) in the collisional belt. Granitoids with a single crustal derivation are limited in the southern Brazilian Shield. Mixing processes are well-registered in the western foreland, where the re-enriched old mantle was probably mixed with a 900–700 Ma-old subducted lithosphere and a 2.55 Ga-old lower crust. The contribution of the latter increased from the early 605–580 Ma to the later 575–550 Ma Neoproterozoic events, which may be due either to crustal thickening or to delamination of the lithosphere. Magma sources were diversified in the 660–630 Ma collisional belt. Initially, they involved the mixing between two components with similar Nd isotopic ratios, a 2.1–0.8 Ga-old recycled crust and a subduction-processed old mantle. Regional heating and abundant production of granitic melts, with diversified contribution of enriched mantle components, mark the end of the collisional period, at 630–580 Ma. We can also attribute this to the delamination of the lithosphere, so that the same geodynamic process may explain the magmatism in the whole shield at the end of the Dom Feliciano Orogeny. Mesozoic rocks include flood basalts from the Cretaceous Paraná Province and sub-coeval alkalic suites. Multiple processes of metasomatism affected the lithospheric mantle, resulting in some complexity but they mainly register two enriched-mantle components, both generated during Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic events. One end-member has a more pronounced subduction signature. The other one probably resulted from the re-enrichment of the first component at the end of the Camboriú collisional orogeny (2.0 Ga).     

胶东文登长山南花岗闪长岩体的岩浆混合成因：闪长质包体及寄主岩石的地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素证据

胶东昆嵛山杂岩文登长山南花岗闪长岩体中广泛分布具有火成结构的闪长质包体,这些包体主要为椭圆形或纺锤形,定向排列,大小不等（几cm至几m）,颜色较寄主岩深,粒度较细,包体具有与寄主岩石相似的矿物组合,但铁镁质矿物及斜长石含量明显比寄主岩石高,而石英和钾长石含量低于寄主岩石;镜下包体具有明显的不平衡反应结构,广泛发育针状磷灰石。在地球化学特征上,包体和寄主岩石部富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,并具有相近的Sr、Nd同位素组成,ISr为0．70784～0．70818,εNd为-15．0～-15．5然而,包体和寄主岩石的主量元素在相关图上呈明显的线性关系,并且岩石学和锆石Hf同位素特征也明显表明文登长山南岩体在成岩过程中发生了镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆的混合作用。在岩浆混合作用过程中,全岩Sr、Yd同位素和晚期生成的矿物组成比较快速地达到了均一化,而主量元素和高温矿物锆石Hf同位素组成则残留了原始岩浆的部分特征研究表明,锆石Hf同位素在岩浆混合作用过程中不容易达到同位素平衡,其同位素组成比全岩Sr、Nd同位素更能有效地示踪混合岩浆的源区特征和岩浆混合过程。     

东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆混合作用:以香加南山花岗岩基为例

香加南山花岗岩基位于东昆仑造山带东段,岩基主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体为香加南山岩基的重要组成部分。香加南山花岗岩基含大量暗色微粒包体,包体中捕掳晶丰富。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体寄主岩中斜长石和暗色微粒包体中捕掳晶斜长石具正常环带,An值震荡变化,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较低,具壳源特征;暗色微粒包体中基质斜长石具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较高,具幔源特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩、暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩的结晶年龄分别为251.0±1.9Ma、252.8±3.0Ma和221.4±3.3Ma。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具较低的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值;从千瓦大桥到加鲁河花岗闪长岩呈现出由准铝质中钾钙碱性系列向准铝-弱过铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列演化;暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩轻重稀土元素分异程度相对较低,具较高的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩分别为古特提斯演化俯冲阶段和后碰撞阶段幔源岩浆底侵新生地壳使其部分熔融产物。镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆的混合作用形成了暗色微粒包体。岩浆混合过程中,如果岩浆不完全混合,混合岩浆中混入物质除了长英质岩浆的残留岩浆和捕掳晶,还应该有镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆之间的元素梯度差导致的物质扩散;如果岩浆为近完全混合,混合岩浆近似为镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆以一定比例二元混合。东昆仑东段晚古生代-早中生代幔源岩浆对花岗质岩浆的影响是一个持续的过程,从俯冲阶段早期流体交代地幔熔融,到俯冲阶段后期板片断离,然后同碰撞阶段板片断离的持续影响,再到后碰撞阶段加厚地壳的拆沉作用,由于地球动力学体制不同,导致幔源岩浆影响的大小和特征不同。     

四川大陆槽稀土矿床碳酸岩-英碱正长岩锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素性质及其地质意义

川西冕宁-德昌稀土成矿带是中国最重要的稀土成矿带之一,所有稀土矿床均与碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体有关.前人研究表明,牦牛坪、木落寨和里庄碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体成岩年龄与其相应矿床的成矿年龄基本一致,而大陆槽正长岩年龄与REE矿床的成矿年龄相差甚远.本文对大陆槽碳酸岩、英碱正长岩进行了SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年代学和LA-MC-ICPMS锆石Hf同位素原位测量,它们的形成年龄分别为12.99±0.94Ma、14.53±0.31Ma,表明两者是同时形成的,且与其成矿年龄基本一致.碳酸岩和正长岩的εHf(t)值、Hf模式年龄与它们的εNd(t)值、Nd模式年龄所展现出来的特征一致,说明在其形成过程中有地壳物质的加入.     

砂砾岩沉积特征分析及有利储集相带确定--以玛北斜坡区百口泉组为例

为明确砂砾岩复杂储层的沉积特征及有利储集相带分布,通过岩心、测井、地震、实验分析等资料综合研究,认为玛北斜坡区百口泉组属近源快速堆积的扇三角洲沉积体系,主要发育扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲平原/前缘砂质碎屑流、扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、远岸水下分流河道、河口坝五种主要沉积微相类型。发育牵引流、重力流两种搬运机制。主要发育夏子街扇、黄羊泉扇二大主扇体,夏子街扇细分为风南10、夏72、玛7三条支扇,西部的风南10支扇、东部的玛7支扇发育重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积。夏72支扇位于玛北鼻状凸起上,鼻状凸起背景下发育的低缓沟槽控制着牵引流水系的展布。储层的成岩作用(压实、胶结)强度与沉积作用(泥杂基含量、粒度)关系密切,泥杂基含量、粒度为储层储集性能的主控因素。有利储集相带受沉积机制、沉积微相双重控制,重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积整体物性最差;牵引流沉积视不同沉积相带,扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲前缘远岸水下分流河道物性较差;扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、河口坝物性最优,优质储层主要分布在扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道相带内。     

黔北地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交黑色页岩地球化学特征及意义——以贵州道真道页1井为例

奥陶纪—志留纪之交是华南被动大陆边缘盆地向前陆盆地演化的重要转折时期,形成广泛分布的五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩。为进一步探讨该套黑色页岩的形成背景,以黔北地区道页1井为例,开展沉积序列和地球化学研究。研究结果表明：五峰组及龙马溪组底部主要为硅质碳质页岩,夹多层斑脱岩,U/Th为0.2～2.90,V/Cr为1.18～14.34,Ni/Co为2.31～11.59,TOC为0.68%～5.91%,平均3.76%,稀土配分曲线为平坦型,δEu以弱正异常为主、个别为弱负异常;龙马溪上部及新滩组主要由泥岩及钙质泥岩组成,U/Th为0.16～0.23,V/Cr为0.88～1.79,Ni/Co为1.77～3.91,TOC为0.1%～0.84%,δEu以明显负异常为主,表现出低斜率右倾型稀土配分曲线。以上特征表明五峰组及龙马溪组底部形成于间歇性缺氧的还原环境,龙马溪组上部及新滩组为富氧环境。结合斑脱岩的分布特征综合分析认为,五峰组及龙马溪组底部页岩是汇聚背景下前陆盆地早期沉积的产物,强烈火山作用给大陆边缘海带来营养元素,刺激初级生产力的增加,造成水体迅速缺氧,可能是造成同期海底缺氧的主要诱因。     

黔北地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交黑色页岩地球化学特征及意义——以贵州道真道页1井为例

奥陶纪—志留纪之交是华南被动大陆边缘盆地向前陆盆地演化的重要转折时期,形成广泛分布的五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩。为进一步探讨该套黑色页岩的形成背景,以黔北地区道页1井为例,开展沉积序列和地球化学研究。研究结果表明:五峰组及龙马溪组底部主要为硅质碳质页岩,夹多层斑脱岩,U/Th为0.2～2.90,V/Cr为1.18～14.34,Ni/Co为2.31～11.59,TOC为0.68%～5.91%,平均3.76%,稀土配分曲线为平坦型,δEu以弱正异常为主、个别为弱负异常;龙马溪上部及新滩组主要由泥岩及钙质泥岩组成,U/Th为0.16～0.23,V/Cr为0.88～1.79,Ni/Co为1.77～3.91,TOC为0.1%～0.84%,δEu以明显负异常为主,表现出低斜率右倾型稀土配分曲线。以上特征表明五峰组及龙马溪组底部形成于间歇性缺氧的还原环境,龙马溪组上部及新滩组为富氧环境。结合斑脱岩的分布特征综合分析认为,五峰组及龙马溪组底部页岩是汇聚背景下前陆盆地早期沉积的产物,强烈火山作用给大陆边缘海带来营养元素,刺激初级生产力的增加,造成水体迅速缺氧,可能是造成同期海底缺氧的主要诱因。     

复杂构造区油气构造保存条件分析: 来自皖泾地1井的构造解析

下扬子地区中生代发生了多期挤压-伸展构造作用,是制约该区域油气勘探取得突破的重要因素之一。为揭示下扬子区中生代构造作用对油气保存的影响,文章通过地震剖面解释资料、野外露头调查、区域构造演化历史分析,并结合皖泾地1井获取的岩芯资料和油气显示情况综合探讨了下扬子南部地区的有利构造保存条件。地震解释剖面和地表调查结果表明下扬子南部地区晚三叠世以来主要经历了两期重要的构造作用：第一期为印支期挤压作用造成褶皱变形和逆冲断层以及隆升剥蚀;第二期为晚白垩世以来的伸展作用,形成断陷盆地和正断层活动。皖泾地1井在二叠系页岩地层中获得页岩气显示,在下三叠统殷坑组灰岩中钻遇轻质油,表明下扬子南部区域具有良好的油气富集条件和资源潜力。构造保存条件分析表明皖泾地1井位于褶皱冲断带内的向斜部位,印支期隆升剥蚀量小,晚白垩世以来伸展拉张幅度小,具有良好的封闭性和成藏条件,是有利的构造保存部位。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上奥陶统平凉组砂岩微量元素特征及构造背景: 以陇县段家峡剖面为例*

由于缺乏可靠的沉积物源数据,晚奥陶世鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘的构造背景及其物质来源没有定论,为此选择陕西陇县段家峡剖面上奥陶统平凉组砂岩展开系统研究。综合分析实测剖面、镜下薄片以及微量元素等资料,取得如下认识: (1)薄片分析显示砂岩分选较好但磨圆较差,颗粒以石英占主导,岩屑成分主要是多晶石英和碳酸盐砂屑,杂基含量极少,这说明浊积砂岩经历了明显的深水牵引流的改造;(2)稀土元素配分模式表明砂岩轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损,并且Eu存在负异常,表明物源主要来自上地壳中酸性岩;(3)物源判别图解显示平凉组砂岩为沉积岩与中酸性岩的混合;(4)构造背景判别图解表明物源可能与大陆岛弧和被动大陆边缘相关。结合北祁连洋和北秦岭洋俯冲的地质背景,综合前人研究成果,认为陇县地区平凉组砂岩的物源很可能主要来自北祁连—北秦岭岛弧。晚奥陶世平凉期研究区位于弧后盆地位置,具有典型的沟—弧—盆结构,此时华北板块西南缘已经完成了由被动大陆边缘向活动大陆边缘的转换。该成果可为研究奥陶纪鄂尔多斯盆地南缘的构造演化提供依据。     

Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and tectonic setting of sandstones from the Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation,southwestern margin of Ordos Basin: A case study of the Duanjiaxia profile,Longxian County

Due to the lack of reliable sedimentary provenance data,the geological setting and its provenance of the southwestern margin of Ordos Basin in Late Ordovician is uncertain. In this paper,the sandstone of Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation in Duanjiaxia profile of Longxian area is selected for a systematic study. Using the methods including the comprehensive analysis on the measured geological profile,analysis of microscopic thin section and trace elements,the following results are obtained: (1)the thin section analysis shows that the sandstone is well sorted but poorly rounded. Clastic grains are dominated by quartz,while the rock fragments are mainly composed of polycrystalline quartz,carbonate sand debris,and a little matrix,which means that the turbidite sandstone has been reworked by obvious traction of deep-water;(2)Rare Earth Element(REE)distribution model shows that the sandstone is rich in LREE and is short of HREE and has the negative Eu-anomaly,indicating that the provenance may derive from the intermediate and acid rock in the upper crust;(3)the provenance discrimination diagrams show that the sandstone of the Pingliang Formation is a mixture of sedimentary rock and granite,while the magmatic component is dominated by intermediate and acid rock;(4)Geochemical data of the sandstone suggests that the geological setting significantly belong to continental island arc and passive continental settings. The study area in Longxian during the Late Ordovician period was located in the back arc basin. At that time,the southwestern margin of the North China Craton with the full trench-arc-basin system was changed from the passive continental margin into the active continental margin.