安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列

简要介绍安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层研究的最新成果.对平顶山西坡剖面112.8 m厚的下三叠统地层所采集的286件牙形石样品, 经处理后获得2 870余枚牙形石样本, 经鉴定共有11属51种.这些属分别是Hindeodus, Isarcicella(?), Neogondolella, Neospathodus, Platyvillosus, Cratognathodus, Parachirognathus, Pachycladina, Ellisonia, Aduncodina和Cornudina.牙形石生物地层从老到新可划分为9个牙形石带: (1)Hindeodus typicalis- Neogondolella planata带; (2)Neogondolella krystyni带; (3)Neospathodus kummeli带; (4)Neospathodus dieneri带; (5)Neospathodus n. sp. C- Neospathodus n.sp. D带; (6) Neospathodus waageni带; (7)Neospathodus n.sp. M带; (8)Neospathodus eotriangularis带; (9) Neospathodus abruptus- Neospathodus homeri带.牙形石的组合面貌基本可与国内外其他地区牙形石带相对比.但其中牙形石(2), (3), (5), (7), (8)带为巢湖地区首次建立.在下三叠统菊石带控制下所建立的连续的牙形石分带对全球的三叠系阶的对比具有十分重要的意义. 关键词: 牙形石; 牙形石生物地层; 下三叠统; 安徽巢湖.      

安徽巢湖地区下三叠统综合层序

印度阶一奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面之一位于安徽巢湖地区;巢湖地区的下三叠统也是国际上同期地层中生物地层序列最有代表性、多重地层学手段应用齐备、研究效果最好的地层序列之一。根据巢湖地区3条代表性下三叠统剖面的岩石地层、生物地层和碳同位素地层的最新研究成果归纳出本区早三叠世综合地层序列,作为区域地层对比研究的标准．巢湖的下三叠统明确包含8个牙形石带和6个菊石带。它们具有区域甚至全球对比意义;巢湖地区早三叠世碳同位素δ^13Ccarb的演变呈现2个显著的漂移周期,这种有特色的碳同位素漂移,不仅具有地层学价值,而且可能对于三叠纪初的生物复苏和生态系演变具有指导意义．在综合地层序列基础上,将3条剖面的古地磁学研究成果链接,形成了巢湖地区完整的早三叠世磁性地层序列,包括5个主要的正向极性带和5个反向极性带,这也是目前在本区乃至华南获得的最完整的早三叠世磁极性序列之一．这些为该区域乃至全球相关地层研究树立了一个基本格架。     

安徽巢湖地区早三叠世粪化石内的牙形石

安徽巢湖马家山地区下三叠统南陵湖组上段的4枚粪化石中含有牙形石,首次提供了三叠纪牙形动物被捕食的证据。粪化石颜色为黑灰色,压型保存,呈长条形或近椭圆形;含粪化石的围岩为暗色的泥质灰岩,含丰富有机质。依据粪化石的形状、保存状态,以及同层位共生化石组合等,初步推断粪化石的来源可能系同层位产出的节肢动物。粪化石内含有18枚牙形石,经鉴定发现包含有Neospathodus homeri,Neospathodus.sp.indet.I,Neospathodus.sp.indet.II等分子,它们系N.homeri牙形石带的带分子或重要化石,指示南陵湖组上段的时代为早三叠世奥伦尼克期斯帕斯亚期,这与前人对此区域的生物地层研究结果一致。     

桂西下三叠统牙形石序列的新认识

桂西下三叠统为海相沉积,根据其岩性、厚度、化石类型等诸方面的明显差异可以分为两种类型,即作登型和太平型。本文详细研究了桂西两种类型下三叠统的牙形石,认为不同类型的下三叠统具有不同的牙形石序列。在前人工作基础上,对桂西下三叠统牙形石序列予以重新厘定。补充了作登型下三叠统的Neogondolella carinta带;指出作登型下三叠统不宜建立Platyvillosus costatus带;在太平型下三叠统Dienerian阶—Spathian阶中新建了Pachvcladina erromera带,Platyvillosus costatus带,Pachycladina obliqua-Parachirognathus delicatulus带和Neospathodus triangularis带;指出了每一个牙形石带的性质并与作登型下三叠统牙形石序列进行了对比。本文还从事件地层学和生物地层学两个角度,对桂西二叠一三叠系界线提出了新的认识。     

下三叠统殷坑阶和巢湖阶及其界线研究

系统介绍层型剖面殷坑阶和巢湖阶的定义和地层特征，并重点讨论了两阶之间的界线，即巢湖阶的底界。巢湖阶的底界层型位于近期提出的全球印度阶一奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面——安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面上，界线定义为以牙形石Neospathodus waageni的首现点作为第一标志，菊石Flemingites-Euftemingites带底界作为参考标志。在巢湖剖面上，该界线位于三叠纪第2个正向磁极性带上部、三叠纪碳同位素曲线第1次正向漂移峰值附近；在岩石地层系统中，它位于殷坑组中上部位。简要概述了该界线地层的国际和国内对比的主要标志性化石。     

安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线层高分辨率牙形石生物地层

下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶全球候选层型剖面之一的中国安徽省巢湖市平顶山西坡剖面界线层,经连续不间断采样获得大量牙形石化石并进行详细的分带工作,建立了该界线层牙形石生物地层.由下往上划分为:1.Neospathodus dieneri带;2.N.waageni带.前者依次分为3个亚带:N.dieneri Morphotype1亚带,N.dieneri Morphotype2亚带和N.dieneri Morphotype3亚带.牙形石带可与该界线层的菊石带进行很好的对比;在详细区分牙形石Neospathodus属内各种特征的基础上,结合地层分布情况,跨越印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线,演化谱系十分明显,牙形石N.dieneri Morphotype3在奥伦尼克阶之底即Smithian初期演化为:N.dieneri Morphotype3→N.waageni→N.pingdingshanensis、Neos-pathodus dieneri Morphotype3→N.waageni(细齿直立型)→N.n.sp.R和Neospathodus dieneri Morphotype3→N.pakistanensis.从谱系演化的观点出发认为:N.waageni的首现点作为奥伦尼克阶底界是合理的,并在该剖面确定了印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线位于第24-16层,距剖面大隆组与殷坑组界线40.49m处.     

华南寒武纪牙形石生物地层

长期以来,许多学者认为寒武纪副牙形石均为时限较长的分子,不能用于进行详细的地层划分和对比。得出这种认识的原因主要有两个：其一是地质条件;其二是研究程度。安太庠充分利用中国华北和东北南部有利的地质条件,基于辽宁、河北、山东等剖面,于１９８２年提出了华北...     

安徽巢湖下三叠统含巢湖龙动物群地层微相特征及古环境

安徽巢湖马家山剖面下三叠统南陵湖组中段上部—上段下部第598—630自然层中产出早三叠世巢湖龙动物群化石。通过对赋存巢湖龙动物群化石的第598—630自然层的微相类型和稳定碳氧同位素进行分析,揭示了该时期的沉积环境及其变化。在该段地层中共识别出4种微相类型,分别是红色—灰色瘤状厚层含骨针—双壳类生屑泥晶灰岩、灰色含生屑泥质泥晶灰岩、青灰色纹层状泥质泥晶灰岩和浅灰色含泥质泥晶灰岩,反映当时沉积环境从早到晚由外缓坡脚—深海盆地边缘渐变为外缓坡环境。稳定碳氧同位素分析表明,该段地层中δ¹³C值与 δ¹⁸O 值普遍偏低。综合微相、沉积相及稳定碳氧同位素特征,推断巢湖龙动物群生活在安静的外缓坡环境中,伴生的生物种类及数量相对比较稀少,海水温度总体偏高。     

黔南桂中二叠系Cisuralian统和Guadalupian统层序地层及其与牙形石演化的关系

通过对黔南罗甸纳水剖面和桂中来宾铁桥剖面２个斜坡相剖面详细的层序地层研究,将华南二叠系Ｃｉｓｕｒａｌｉａｎ统和Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ统划分为１个二级层序,即阳新层序,及其９个三级层序,并建立了相应的海平面变化曲线．结合原有和最新的生物地层资料,将这２个剖面的层序地层实现了精确划分对比,从而将原有地层对比精度提高了一倍．阐明了层序与海侵海退旋回的区别与联系．将二叠纪牙形石演化划分为５个阶段、４个演替事件,并阐明了它们与层序地层及海平面变化事件之间的相互关系．同时,提出了二叠纪牙形石分带及其全球对比表．发现栖霞亚统的氧碳同位素在下部偏轻、上部偏重,具全球对比意义     

西南地区晚三叠世卡尼期牙形石研究进展

我国西南地区海相中-上三叠统沉积记录良好,但晚三叠世卡尼期牙形石生物地层划分和对比研究较为薄弱.通过对云南省罗平县和贵州省贞丰县、关岭县等地4条剖面的杨柳井组、竹杆坡组以及瓦窑组进行高精度的牙形石采样,以及牙形石生物地层学和系统分类学研究,共描述牙形石3属23种.结合前人研究材料,由下至上共建立了8个牙形石带,分别为:Paragondolella foliata带,Quadralella polygnathiformis带,Quadralella tadpole带,Quadralella praelindae带,Quadralella aff.auriformis带,Quadralella robusta带,Quadralella noah带和Quadralella ex gr.carpathica带.以此为基础,对西南地区卡尼期地层进行区域内和跨大区的对比和划分研究以及对牙形石分子演化规律进行探讨.      

Discussion on Induan-Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

This paper proposes a scheme for the definition of the Lower Triassic Induan-Olenekian boundary (IOB) based on investigation of sections in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China as well as data accumulated from other studies elsewhere. The conodont Neospathodus waageni is suggested as the index fossil of the boundary. According to the FAD of N. waageni, the IOB is at the base of bed 25-2 of the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, 42.19 m above the Permian-Triassic boundary, and it is slightly higher than the base of the Flemingites-Euflemingites Ammonoid Zone at the section.     

Lower Triassic Inorganic Carbon Isotope Excursion in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

This paper reports a Lower Triassic carbon isotope profile from the North Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China, which was stituated in a deep part of the Lower Yangtze carbonate rapm. The δ(^13C) excursion shows two periods from the Permian-Triassic boundary to the lower Spathian substage, corresponding to the ecosystem undergoing evolution and recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction and related events.The first period starts at the δ(^13C) depletion caused by the mass extinction and evolves with a gradual δ(^13C) increase resulting from the development of some disaster taxa during the Induan. The strong Smithian δ(^13C) depletion in the second period might be formed by the collapse of the disaster ecosystem and the biotic recovery occurred with the explosive increase of bioproductivity in the Spathian. Thus the δ(^13C) excursion in the Lower Triassic expresses patterns of biotic evolution and recovery during the eratic ecosystem that followed the great end-Permian mass extinction.     

An Update of Conodonts in the Induan-Olenekian Boundary Strata at West Pingdingshan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province

The Lower Triassic in Chaohu (巢湖) area, Anhui (安微) Province, China, is well developed and its sequence is typical in South China. After a brief introduction of the Induan-Olenekian boundary of Chaohu, this article presents some new data on conodonts. More than ten times of conodont samplings and investigations have recovered thousands of conodont specimens, which are especially rich in the Induan-Olenekian boundary strata at the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu City, Anhui Province. The most distinctive forms are the conodonts of the Neospathodus dieneri group and N. Waageni group. The first occurrence of N. Waageni eowaageni, which is regarded as the indicator of the Induan-Olenekian boundary, is situated at 40.49 m above the base of Yinkeng (殷坑) Formation. Some key conodonts and seven new specimens are introduced.     

Lower Triassic and Induan-Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China

Since the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu was proposed as the candidate of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Induan-Olenekian boundary in 2003, the Lower Triassic of Chaohu has been extensively studied. Based on the studies on the Lower Triassic of Chaohu, (1) a continuous conodont zonation is established, which has become an important reference for Lower Triassic stratigraphic correlation over the world; (2) the First Appearance Datum of conodont Neospathodus waageni was suggested and has been basically accepted as the primary marker to define the Induan-Olenekian boundary; (3) a characteristic Lower Triassic excursion of carbon isotopes was brought to light and has been proven to be not only an excellent index for the stratigraphic correlation but also a unique indication for the perturbation of ecological environments in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction; (4) a magnetostratigraphic sequence is constituted with a certain biostratigraphic control in the low-latitude region and it presents an important correlation to the Boreal sequence; (5) a cyclostratigraphic study provides an alternative method to constrain the age of the chronostratigraphic units; and (6) a scheme of the Olenekian subdivision is recently suggested to define the boundary between the Smithian and Spathian Substages. In addition, Chaohu is also the type locality of the Chaohuan Stage, the upper stage of the Lower Triassic in the China Chronostratigraphic System. Thus, the Lower Triassic of Chaohu is not only a classic sequence in South China, but also a key reference sequence to the investigation of the corresponding stratigraphy and geological events over the world. The recent achievements are viewed here for an overall understanding of the sequence. Then the current situation of the Induan-Olenekian and Smithian-Spathian boundaries is discussed to provide a reference for later works.     

巢湖平顶山北坡剖面早三叠世碳、氧同位素地层学研究

取自安徽巢湖平顶山北坡下三叠统剖面中 12 4个碳、氧同位素样品的分析结果表明 ,由 Induan阶→Olenekian阶下部→ Olenekian阶中部 ,δ1 3C平均值由 - 1.8‰减小到 - 3.9‰后又快速增大到 3.7‰ ,δ1 8O的平均值由 - 6 .9‰降低到 - 8.6‰后又回升到 - 6 .5‰。 Induan阶的中、上部δ1 3C呈缓慢上升趋势 ,Olenekian阶下部δ1 3C呈明显的“U”型谷 ,Olenekian阶中部 δ1 3C表现为显著正漂。碳、氧同位素演化特征表明 ,早三叠世 Induan期环境恶劣、生物复苏缓慢 ,Olenekian早期的地质事件导致生物再次绝灭 ,延缓了生物复苏的进程。     

安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统殷坑组沉积及地球化学特征

本文在对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统殷坑组解剖的基础上,着重对其内部赋存的碳酸盐岩的矿物组成、结构构造、化学成分及碳氧同位素特征等方面做了系统研究,探讨了其沉积环境和成岩环境,以及与海平面变化的关系等。研究表明,下三叠统殷坑组是在海水不断变深的背景下沉积的,经历了较浅水开阔台地、较深水的上斜坡和下斜坡,最后到深水盆地的4个演化过程。瘤状灰岩在殷坑组极其发育,由瘤体和基质两部分组成,瘤体多为灰色、浅灰色或灰白色微晶灰岩、泥晶微晶灰岩和微晶泥晶灰岩;基质颜色较深,以黄色、褐黄色和黄灰色钙质泥岩为主。条带状、断续状和杂乱状瘤状灰岩在剖面上呈规律性分布,与其所处的沉积环境和后期成岩作用强度密切相关,它们分别发育在下斜坡、上斜坡和深水盆地环境,溶蚀作用依次增强。殷坑组碳酸盐岩δ13 C处于负值区,自下而上,由-5.97‰变为-1.17‰,记录了一个明显的δ13 C正向大漂移,幅度达到4.80‰,这可能与生物复苏、有机质大量埋藏,以及海平面上升和沉积环境的改变有关。     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

The demarcation of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research.Lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types,from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China.This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage.Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city,Guizhou province,six conodont zones have been recognized,which ca...