卫星导航在无人机着陆引导中的应用

针对无人机自主着陆引导的需求,简要介绍了国外无人机着陆引导技术现状与发展趋势,阐述了无人机卫星导航着陆系统的基本组成和工作原理,分析了无人机卫星导航着陆引导技术体制,提出了无人机卫星导航着陆引导系统的发展设想,支撑我国无人机卫星导航着陆引导技术研究和系统建设。     

Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Pedestrian Navigation Guidance: A Review

In light of the many improvements within 3D urban modeling and Location‐Based Services, this article provides a timely review of the state‐of‐the‐art on integrating indoor and outdoor spaces in pedestrian navigation guidance aids. With people moving seamlessly between buildings and surrounding areas, navigation guidance tools should extend from merely outdoor or indoor guidance, to provide support in the combined indoor‐outdoor context. This article first examines the challenges and complexities of integrating indoor and outdoor spaces into a single navigation system. Next, by using objective selection criteria, 36 relevant studies were withheld and further reviewed on their specific developments in data model requirements, and algorithmic and context support for integrated IO navigation systems. This review shows that the challenges of dealing with both indoor and outdoor space structures, while taking into account pedestrian's freer use of space, currently complicate the proposition of a unified IO space concept for navigation. However, there are some ongoing developments (e.g. context definitions, algorithmic extensions, increased data availability, growing awareness of pedestrians’ perception during wayfinding) that will help to bring outdoor and indoor spaces closer together in the realm of combined geospatial analysis.     

车辆导航系统实现中的关键技术

主要介绍了一个基于PDA的在Windows CE上实现的嵌入式GIS,它可以实时的为移动对象提供基于地理空间位置的综合信息服务.首先介绍了车载导航系统中系统数据的组织方式,主要涉及到数据模型和数据压缩;然后讲述了几种常用的嵌入式操作系统:VxWorks、Windows CE和Linux,由于嵌入式Linux开发难度较大,VxWorks比较昂贵,本系统采用Windows CE作为嵌入式操作系统;最后讲述了系统实现中的关键技术,包括提高地图显示和刷新速度的几种处理技术和系统中采用的地图匹配算法.     

车辆导航系统实现中的关键技术

主要介绍了一个基于PDA的在Windows CE上实现的嵌入式GIS,它可以实时的为移动对象提供基于地理空间位置的综合信息服务。首先介绍了车载导航系统中系统数据的组织方式,主要涉及到数据模型和数据压缩;然后讲述了几种常用的嵌入式操作系统:VxWorks、Windows CE和Linux,由于嵌入式Linux开发难度较大,VxWorks比较昂贵,本系统采用Windows CE作为嵌入式操作系统;最后讲述了系统实现中的关键技术,包括提高地图显示和刷新速度的几种处理技术和系统中采用的地图匹配算法。     

盾构机自动导向软件的设计与实现

介绍盾构导向软件的研究现状和工作原理,根据实际需求设计出合理的数据采集和处理流程,并利用VC++和GeoCOM开发出一种新型的盾构机自动导向软件。该软件可以实现计算机对全站仪和倾斜仪的远程控制,并且可根据采集数据的类型选择对应的盾构姿态解算模型,从而保证隧道的顺利贯通。另外,它还包含了多个和盾构测量密切相关的计算工具,因此具有很强的适应性。     

一种面向室内导航的通行区域模型及其自动提取算法

面向室内位置服务中路径规划与导航的应用需求,提出一种基于栅格空间的通行区域模型及其自动提取算法。首先,在栅格模型基础上引入了相邻栅格和途经栅格,结合具体示例阐述了通行区域模型的基本原理;然后,根据室内地图数据特征,通过室内栅格模型初始化、通行区域初次提取和邻域融合,设计了通行区域的自动提取算法;最后,选取西单大悦城一楼室内地图数据进行了不同栅格尺度的通行区域自动提取和路径规划试验。结果表明,该算法针对走廊内存在障碍等复杂室内环境具有较好的适用性,并且通行区域模型相比网络模型的路径规划结果更加符合复杂室内环境的路径行走特征。     

自组织优化分类的AUV地磁导航适配区选取

为确保水下自主航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV)地磁导航的可靠性及其航迹规划的合理性,提出了一种基于主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和改进反向传播(back-propagation, BP)神经网络结合的候选地磁匹配区自组织优化分类方法。将候选地磁匹配区的分类问题统一在模式识别的框架下,首先,采用PCA对若干地磁图特征参数进行线性变换,获取独立的主成分特征参量;然后,利用遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)优化BP神经网络的初始权阈值来提高候选地磁匹配区适配性分类的准确性;最后,借助GA-BP神经网络来构建地磁图特征参数和匹配性能的映射关系,完成地磁适配区的自动识别。仿真实验结果表明,该自组织优化分类方法在地磁导航适配区选取方面具有较高的分类精度和可靠性,为AUV的高精度长航时自主导航提供重要保障。     

车辆导航系统中的数据库应用开发

首先介绍了系统开发环境,系统采用EVC基于Windows CE进行开发;接着介绍了ADO对象与ADOCE对象的异同点、Windows CE平台下的数据存储格式、数据库开发环境的配置;最后,文章讨论了车辆导航系统中如何利用ADOCE访问Access数据库实现地物查询.     

GPS导航在制导中的应用研究

现代实战数据表明,精确制导武器在战争中正发挥着越来越重要的作用。而提高武器的制导精度,也是提高武器打击效果最有效的手段。随着科学技术的发展,全球定位系统（GPS）由于其全球性、全天候以及连续实时三维定位等特点,在武器制导领域正得到越来越多的应用。本文结合GPS／INS复合制导,对GPS导航在制导中的应用进行了探讨。     

面向对象影像分类中分割参数的选择

提出了一种基于区域生长方法的分割参数选择方案,从各个类别的训练样区中提取分割参数信息。通过一系列的影像区域分割,计算得出一个最大的目标函数值,为每个类别推演出最佳分割参数;在单个类别参数影像分割和分类的基础上,融合所有处理结果,最后完成影像分类。实验验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

水下无源导航系统匹配区域选择分析

水下无源导航是现代水下导航发展的一个重要方向,但由于它自身的一些局限性,不能在任何区域都工作。介绍了三种水下无源导航系统匹配区域的特征参数,根据相应特征区域选择准则参数对三种水下无源导航系统进行了仿真计算与分析,对水下无源导航系统匹配区域选择的研究进行了展望,指出其可能的研究方向。     

车载导航系统中的路径诱导模型与数据组织

从介绍路径诱导原理出发,给出了车载导航系统中路径诱导模型和导航电子地图制作中的数据组织方法与应用系统中的使用方法。     

地铁导向图的兴趣点选取及符号设计

地铁导向图是地铁导向系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分。本文以福州市和宁波市地铁导向图的设计制作为例,结合人类视觉感受,详细论述了地铁导向图的表示内容设计、符号设计等方面的原理与方法,提出了地铁导向图兴趣点选取的原则和点状符号的设计方法。     

Quality Assessment of an Automatic Sounding Selection Process for Navigational Charts

A good seabed representation is one of the important characteristics of any navigational chart. Along with depth contours and coloured depth areas, soundings are used for this task. All the soundings on a navigational chart are selected for a reason. Soundings contribute to the navigational chart safety aspect by alerting to all the threats and dangers. They also show all the attributes of a seabed relief without overcrowding it, thus maintaining the overall chart quality. Soundings are selected from a hydrographic survey and since it consists of a vast number of data, the process of sounding selection is a challenging and demanding task. It requires experience and knowledge from the nautical cartographer and is mostly done manually. Some types of software nowadays provide an automatic selection feature. This paper analyses a process of automatic sounding selection in the dKart Editor software. On the Croatian side of the Adriatic Sea, ?ibenski Kanal (?ibenik channel) and Kanal Sv. Ante (St. Ante’s channel) are used as the study area. A hydrographic survey of the area represents the input data. The official navigational chart of the surveyed area is used as the basis for determining three different sets of parameters for the selection process. After the selection, obtained results are assessed based on geometrical accuracy and on the conservation level of navigational safety. For geometrical accuracy, the best results were produced by the third set that was divided in two subsets for each channel. It was determined that the nature of the seabed relief had an impact on the selection process. The same set had the best result for navigational safety assessment but it was concluded that all the sets undermined the aspect. Because of these crucial shortcomings noticed in all the tested sets of parameters, the feature is considered inadequate for serious usage as a completely automatic tool for the process of sounding selection on navigational charts.     

Evaluation of the Cartographic Communication Performance of a Route Guidance and Navigation System

This study evaluates the influence of different cartographic representations of in-car navigation systems on visual demand, subjective preference, and navigational error. It takes into account the type and complexity of the representation, maneuvering complexity, road layout, and driver gender. A group of 28 drivers (14 male and 14 female) participated in this experiment which was performed in a low-cost driving simulator. The tests were performed on a limited number of instances for each type of representation, and their purpose was to carry out a preliminary assessment and provide future avenues for further studies. Data collected for the visual demand study were analyzed using non-parametric statistical analyses. Results confirmed previous research that showed that different levels of design complexity significantly influence visual demand. Non-grid-like road networks, for example, influence significantly visual demand and navigational error. An analysis of simple maneuvers on a grid-like road network showed that static and blinking arrows did not present significant differences. From the set of representations analyzed to assess visual demand, both arrows were equally efficient. From a gender perspective, women seem to look at the display more than men, but this factor was not significant. With respect to subjective preferences, drivers prefer representations with mimetic landmarks when they perform straight-ahead tasks. For maneuvering tasks, landmarks in a perspective model created higher visual demands.     

多源导航电子地图道路自动对比分析

为了测评导航电子地图道路质量的需要,提出了一种自动对比分析多源导航电子地图道路的方法。该方法首先提取导航电子地图的道路网,然后通过基于缓冲区分析的算法自动检测不同数据源道路网之间的差异,最后采用基于Shi-Tomasi算子提取道路交叉点并统计道路段数,实现了定量对比分析多源导航电子地图道路。试验表明本文方法能够有效自动对比分析多源导航电子地图道路。     

车辆导航中三维立交建模与路径引导方法研究

由于传统的二维导航电子地图无法直观地反映立交的交错关系,对三维立交的建模方法进行了研究。利用三维虚拟现实的方法,采用VRML技术实现了立交桥三维虚拟场景的展示;并采用关键点匹配的方法使得导航过程中导航路径不受上下层路面的影响而准确显示。研究表明,利用该方法进行导航中三维立交的建模是可行的。     

结合样本自动选择与规则性约束的窗户提取方法

针对窗户内部结构性与分布规则性等特点,提出了一种结合样本自动选择和分布规则性约束的窗户提取方法。首先,利用模板匹配对选取的单个窗户样本进行拓展,自动选择一定数量的正负样本;其次,利用自动选择的样本对JointBoost分类器进行训练,并对建筑物立面影像进行窗户提取;最后,建立包含窗户走向线、倾向线、兴趣点和相似度4个要素的窗户分布规则性模型,并利用规则性模型约束对提取结果进行优化,得到最终窗户提取结果。在复杂背景、复杂窗户结构及存在透视变形的建筑物影像窗户提取实验中,该方法均有较好的检测率与正确率。     

自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法

在详细分析二值化处理原理及当前技术的前提下,综合考虑图像的各种实际情况,提出了自动确定图像二值化阈值的增强大津法和边缘检测阈值法.多次实验表明,根据这两种方法确定的阈值对图像进行二值化处理,不仅可有效地解决图像灰度随地物特征变化的图像处理问题,同时对于同一信号源的图像也有相当理想的处理效果.该方法可进一步应用于图像分割等.     

自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法

在详细分析二值化处理原理及当前技术的前提下，综合考虑图像的各种实际情况，提出了自动确定图像二值化阈值的增强大津法和边缘检测阈值法。多次实验表明，根据这两种方法确定的阈值对图像进行二值化处理，不仅可有效地解决图像灰度随地特征变化的图像处理问题，同时对于同一信号源的图像也有相当理想的处理效果，该方法可进一步应用于图像分割等。