共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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目前非测绘专业RS和GIS的实习在教学内容和教学组织上存在前后割裂的缺陷,具体表现为RS采集数据后,缺少进一步深入的空间分析和知识挖掘过程;而GIS操作的数据源现势性差,大多采用已经示例数据,既导致了数据资源的浪费,又使学生缺少对空间信息项目总体流程的把握。本文厘清了这两门课程的逻辑关系,提出了将这两门课程实习合并为空间数据采集和分析综合实习的思路,以解决城乡规划科学问题为目标,以项目实战过程为主线,对实习内容进行了一体化设计。即采用面向对象法对高分辨率遥感影像进行了解译,其成果作为GIS数据源;然后通过空间分析计算城市规划指标,并进行了建筑日照分析。在湖南农业大学城规专业进行了实践检验,结果表明,空间数据采集与分析实习包括空间数据的采集、空间数据建库和空间分析,逻辑清晰、可操作性强,提升了学生综合动手能力,实习效果较好,可为其他高校和专业的空间信息相关课程实习的教学改革提供可借鉴的思路和方案。 相似文献
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M. Coulibaly 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):217-234
The geographical distribution of a flash flood's occurrence could be an important consideration in assessing its severity and social impacts. In this study, the spatial distribution of survey responses is analysed with respect to features such as the stream network (natural water path), the drainage network, buildings, and catchments. This provides information on both flash flood distribution causes in an urban setting and residents' perceptions of the hazard that would otherwise not be revealed. The study demonstrated the possibility of taking into account people's experience in detecting the location of potential flash flood hazards. It also illustrates the usefulness of GIS-supported spatial analysis of survey results in identifying factors that increase the occurrence of urban flash floods. 相似文献
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Recent advances in time geography offer new perspectives for studying animal movements and interactions in an environmental context. In particular, the ability to estimate an animal's spatial location probabilistically at temporal sampling intervals between known fix locations allows researchers to quantify how individuals interact with one another and their environment on finer temporal and spatial scales than previously explored. This article extends methods from time geography, specifically probabilistic space–time prisms, to quantify and summarize animal–road interactions toward understanding related diurnal movement behaviors, including road avoidance. The approach is demonstrated using tracking data for fishers (Martes pennanti) in New York State, where the total probability of interaction with roadways is calculated for individuals over the duration tracked. Additionally, a summarization method visualizing daily interaction probabilities at 60 s intervals is developed to assist in the examination of temporal patterns associated with fishers’ movement behavior with respect to roadways. The results identify spatial and temporal patterns of fisher–roadway interaction by time of day. Overall, the methodologies discussed offer an intuitive means to assess moving object location probabilities in the context of environmental factors. Implications for movement ecology and related conservation planning efforts are also discussed. 相似文献
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文章梳理了采煤沉陷区地质环境调查基础数据类型和空间数据类型,依据我国矿山地质环境调查评价的行业标准和规范,建立了集成数据管理、服务、交换体系的综合数据库,实现了基于GIS的综合业务数据集成、管理与服务。结果表明:GIS技术可以实现采煤沉陷区环境地质调查数据库建设,为采煤沉陷区的土地治理和生态恢复提供决策支持。 相似文献
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在西部黄土高原复杂地形地貌下构建采煤沉陷盆地和提取水平位移的难度较大,传统地表沉降监测手段只能获取线状数据,效率低,而重复轨道合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术在大梯度形变区域易出现失相干现象,难以达到矿区地表沉降监测精度要求。提出了一种基于无人机载激光雷达点云数据构建沉陷盆地和提取水平位移的方法。结合多地形因子构建深度神经网络(deep neural network,DNN)模型,提取沉陷盆地构建过程中受地形影响较小的特征稳定区,利用较优插值算法对稳定区进行拟合,得到完整沉陷盆地。为了提取采煤地表水平移动信息,将二进制形状上下文特征描述算子与多地形因子融合起来,以改进特征匹配算法。基于此设计地表水平移动提取方案,提取主断面水平移动信息,同时对水平移动提取误差与点云密度、地形因子进行定量分析。榆神矿区结果表明,利用结合地形因子的DNN模型能有效提取特征稳定区,在复杂地貌下减小了沉陷建模误差,为构建采煤沉陷盆地提供了一种新方法;利用融合地形特征的改进特征匹配算法提取的水平移动曲线符合采煤沉陷水平移动基本规律,与水平移动偏差相关性较强的地形因子可用于衡量改进特征匹配算法对水平移动提取误差的大小。 相似文献
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This article investigates a new, integrated technique for storing and retrieving spatially varying data quality information in a relational spatial database. Rather than storing global data quality statements, the system enables data quality information to be referenced to a spatial framework, individual spatial objects, or even parts of spatial objects. The integrated model, called as RDBMS for Spatial Variation in Quality (RSVQ), allows flexible storage of spatially varying data quality information, and seamless querying irrespective of the underlying storage model. RSVQ is founded on a formal model of relational databases, defining a new derived, polymorphic query operator to join quality data with spatial data. The operator is implemented in an extension to SQL as a new WITHQUALITY keyword. A performance evaluation of RSVQ was conducted, using an Oracle Spatial database and a case study of cadastral data for parts of Victoria, Australia. The results of this evaluation demonstrated that the system is practical and efficient for a wide range of queries, as well as indicating the performance trade-offs associated with the different data quality storage models. Using the integrated RSVQ approach provides the potential for a single, consistent, database engine for a wide range of existing and proposed spatial data quality management systems. 相似文献
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尺度依赖性、空间依赖性和空间非均质性是空间信息的本质特征,如何在空间分析中综合考虑以上特征目前仍缺少有效方法.本文提出的空间信息分层复合分析模型通过“回归的回归”两阶段分析建立包含空间异质性、空间依赖关系与空间尺度效应的空间单元综合回归模型,有助于解决空间分析中数据的多维复杂性涉及的尺度效应、空间依赖性和空间异质性综合... 相似文献
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空间数据仓库的技术与实践 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
空间数据仓库(Spatial Data Warehouse)是GIS技术和数据仓库技术相结合的产物,它大大扩展了GIS的应用功能,为逐渐兴起的全球变化和区域持续发展研究以及复杂的商业地理分析提供强有力的支持。该文主要从空间数据仓库的起源、特征、体系结构、关键技术与应用等方面来探讨空间数据仓库这一全新的GIS应用。 相似文献
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When individuals of a species utilize an environment, they generate movement patterns at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Field observations coupled with location technologies (e.g. GPS tags) enable the capture of detailed spatio‐temporal data regarding these movement patterns. These patterns contain information about species‐specific preferences regarding individual decision‐making, locational choices and the characteristics of the habitat in which the animal resides. Spatial Data Mining approaches can be used to extract repeated spatio‐temporal patterns and additional habitat preferences hidden within large spatially explicit movement datasets. We describe a method to determine the periodicity and directionality in movement exhibited by a migratory bird species. Results using a High Arctic‐nesting Svalbard Barnacle Goose movement data yielded undetected patterns that were secondarily corroborated with expert field knowledge. Individual revisits by the geese to specific locations in the breeding and wintering grounds of Svalbard, Norway and Solway, Scotland, occurred with a periodicity of 334 days . Further, the orientation of this movement was detected to be mostly north‐south. During long‐range migration the geese use the north‐south oriented Norwegian islands as “stepping stones”, Short‐range movement between mudbank roosts to feeding fields in Solway also retained a north‐south orientation. 相似文献
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可视化交互空间数据挖掘技术的探讨 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
随着地理信息获取技术飞速发展,使得当前存储在空间数据库中的空间数据的深度和广度得到了前所未有的发展,传统的空间统计方法和空间分析方法已经难以有效而迅速地处理和分析它们,如何有效而及时地分析和处理空间数据变得越来越迫切。空间数据挖掘作为上个世纪90年代逐步发展起来的新兴技术,逐渐在研究和实践中显示出它的优势。与此同时,地理可视化技术也逐步走向成熟,二者的结合催生出新型空间数据分析技术———可视化交互空间数据挖掘。本文就该技术的相关问题进行了一些研究探讨。 相似文献
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面向交通地理信息时空特征描述的Spatial-UML研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
空间信息系统建模的多样性、主流信息技术的高度集成性以及逐渐变复杂的系统体系都使得软件和数据库设计者向可视化建模的主流方向发展。分析面向地理信息时空特征描述而建立的空间可视化语言插件(SpatialPVLs),并基于可视化建模技术标准,应用统一建模语言(UML)内置的扩展机制实现了针对地理信息时空特征描述的扩展。UML和SpatialPVLs的集成过程定义了面向地理信息时空特征描述的可视化建模语言,即Spatial-UML。最后,以城市交通模拟地理信息系统(GIS)数据概念模型设计为实例,验证Spatial-UML的适用性和扩展性,建立一个可以满足不同领域用户访问和理解的互协作建模架构,实现交通地理对象的空间、时态和时空特征的可视化标准描述和表达。 相似文献
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GIS网格体系结构探讨 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18
于雷易 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(2):153-156
就当前WebGIS发展中的空间资源共享问题,结合新兴的网格技术,从网格的角度提出了包括基础网格、空间数据网格、空间信息网格(狭义)、空间知识网格和空间服务网格在内的GIS网格体系,以期改善Internet上空间资源共享的环境。 相似文献
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多源空间数据汇交服务是以兼容性的空间数据存储模型为基础,采用自动化的网络传输方式完成异地空间数据源的交互,是空间数据共享理论的一种具体实现。汇交服务能够有效地提高政务系统内部空间数据传输共享的执行效率,缩短地方政府地理信息综合应用平台的建设周期。本文首先介绍了空间数据汇交服务系统的总体架构和运行模式,然后通过多项测试验证系统的执行效率和稳定性,并验证其实际应用价值。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):91-107
Abstract A strategy for the development of the Australian spatial information industry called ‘Spatially Enabling Australia’ has recently been developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information. It comprises three fundamental research programs and an integrated applications program. Research Program 1, ‘Positioning,’ underpins a full framework of continuous operating reference stations to ultimately enable all of continental Australia to be capable of real-time precise positioning services based on global navigation satellite systems. Research Program 2, ‘Automated Spatial Information Generation,’ addresses complex processing of multiple remote sensing sources. Research Program 3, ‘Spatial Infrastructures,’ helps form the foundation for development of an Australian Spatial Marketplace that will make accessible vast amounts of government held data under a new licensing and access regime which supports combination with user-generated content from the mass market. The three core programs are integrated with Program 4, ‘Applications,’ to support users from the Health, Defense and Security, Energy and Utilities, Urban Development, and Agriculture–Natural Resources–Climate Change sectors. Program 4 drives outputs from the three core research programs in sector-specific deployments for high impact. This will see a rapid acceleration of the use and value adding of information products and services that utilize spatial information. There are considerable research and development challenges that must be met in order to achieve the strategic outcomes. 相似文献