新疆阿勒泰两河源自然保护区植被信息提取与分析

高山地区地形复杂,植被分布无序,且森林植被光谱信息相近,因而高山植被类型的确定依然成为遥感植被分类的难点。以2014年资源三号卫星影像作为基础数据,分别采用面向对象法和像元法提取了两河源保护区植被信息,并在面向对象法中引入了海拔(DEM)信息辅助分类,基于分类结果,分析讨论了不同植被类型的面积比例和空间分布格局。结果显示:(1)面向对象法的分类精度明显高于像元分类法,总体分类精度达到了93.11%,Kappa系数为0.89。(2)研究区植被类型以针阔混交林和草甸为主,分别占研究区总面积的26.37%和22.87%,灌丛、草原占15.2%和10.98%,水体和高山植被占8.23%和5.57%。(3)针阔混交林主要分布在阴坡或山地河谷,草甸在平原、低地河漫滩、森林、高山均有分布,地带性规律不明显。草原成窄条状、斑块状贯穿整个研究区,灌丛呈块状镶嵌在草原内部。高山植被呈斑块状零散分布于两河源的流石滩、砾石山坡和高山准平原上。(4)研究区发育了5个完整的自然垂直带谱,自下而上依次为草原带、灌丛带、针阔混交林带、草甸带、高山植被带和冰川积雪带。     

西藏大骨节病区的地理环境特征

西藏90%以上的大骨节病县分布在高山温带环境中,病区最暖月平均气温在10~18℃之间,≥0℃日数在180~350天之间;病区集中分布在喜马拉雅山与冈底斯山和念青唐古拉山之间以及横断山北段山间地带的山区或高山谷地地区,病县山地、丘陵占78.4%,非病县山地、丘陵面积占66.7%;就海拔高度而言,病区主要分布在3600~4000m之间;病区涉及多种类型的耕作土壤,其中酸性棕壤和暗棕壤、灰褐土和石灰性褐土、褐土性土等淋溶、半淋溶土壤类型是大骨节病集中分布区;在高山土壤类型中病区趋于分布在典型亚高山草甸土和山地灌丛草原土地带,而亚高山草原土带相对较少。西藏大骨节病区地理环境特征既与内地大骨节病区有很强的相似性,又因其独特的地域分异格局而具特殊性。     

西南地区干旱河谷分布范围及分区统计分析

干旱河谷是我国西南地区复杂地形和气候条件综合作用下形成的特殊景观类型,明确西南干旱河谷的空间分布范围,掌握分区统计数据,对了解干旱河谷生态系统、分析相关自然和人文综合指标有重要意义。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用遥感与野外验证相结合的方法,划定了西南地区干旱河谷的空间分布范围,同时,分析了干旱河谷区的地形特征和干湿状况。研究结果表明:西南地区干旱河谷总长度约为6911.15 km,总面积约为26 451.61 km~2,涉及我国甘肃省、四川省、云南省以及西藏自治区4个省级行政区。在空间分布上由北至南依次分布在白龙江、岷江、大渡河、雅砻江、金沙江、澜沧江、怒江和元江,其中,金沙江干旱河谷面积最大,占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的44.36%,岷江干旱河谷面积最小,占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的2.74%。坡度大于25°的面积占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的55.00%,地形坡度区域差异显著,岷江干旱河谷区地形坡度较大,雅砻江干旱河谷区较为平缓。阳坡面积大于阴坡面积,阳坡面积占干旱河谷总面积的40.49%,阴坡面积占干旱河谷总面积的31.12%。干旱河谷区内气象观测站的干季干燥度指数(I_(aD))值在2.14～5.10之间,属于半干旱类型和干旱类型。本研究成果可为干旱河谷的进一步深入研究提供基础数据支撑。     

中国山地分类研究

中国是多山的国家,山地类型多样复杂,开展山地分类研究很有必要。基于前人山地定义分析基础上,确定中国山地分类原则和基本思路,提出中国山地分类系统,共计分出6个类型,其中3个属于大尺度类型,适用于全国和跨省(区)制图,其余类型适用于县(区、市)制图;同时提出了每个类型的划分标准。基于SRTM 90 m分辨率的DEM数据,确定出大尺度类型,即山地大区、山地带和山地大类的分布范围,编制了相应的图件,并对各类型面积作了计量统计。结果表明,分布于不同海拔带的丘陵面积占中国陆地面积的18.2%;起伏度大于200 m的山地面积占中国陆地面积的55.2%,其中,低山、中山和高山面积分别占16.5%、14.8%和18.5%,高中山和极高山面积分别为4.3%和1.1%。     

拉萨地区土地利用变化

根据1990年、1995年和2000年3期西藏拉萨地区土地利用现状调查数据,利用GIS空间分析方法,系统地分析了1990年至2000年间拉萨地区的土地利用时空变化特征。得出: ① 10年来拉萨地区的土地利用类型转变主要发生在人类活动比较集中的城镇附近和河谷地区,很多地段的天然植被由人工植被所取代,植被覆盖度和生物产量明显提高,有效地改善了这些区域的土地覆盖状况,这些变化是这一期间实施的农业综合开发中旨在改变区域生态环境的人工植树造林和改良草场等人为有目的地改变土地利用类型的直接结果;② 10年内面积增幅最大的是林地,增加了2.56%;③ 土地利用类型变化最广泛的是牧草地,由牧草地变成耕地、园地、林地、居民点及水域的,其中牧草地变成林地的面积最大,占变化面积的94.09%;④ 耕地变成林地的面积占耕地移出总量的54.86%,变成居民点的占移出面积的38.25%;⑤ 水域变成林地的面积占变化面积的93.13%。     

三江并流区云南贡山片植被景观类型分布特征

以三江并流区云南贡山片为例,以Landsat ETM+影像为数据源,基于3S技术进行植被景观制图,分析景观类型的分布特征。结果表明:1.研究区是典型的高山峡谷地区,海拔3 000~4 000 m的区域占总面积近一半,坡度25°以上的山地面积占84.82%;景观类型分布受垂直空间分异主导;河流、河漫滩和湖泊等景观主要分布在平缓地段,自然植被景观多分布在25°~45°的陡坡上,人工植被景观分布的坡度范围相对较缓;自然植被景观在各坡向上的分布较为均匀;人工植被景观及积雪/冰川景观、岩石景观等分布则体现出一定的空间分异;2.山地森林植被构成研究区景观的基质类型;由于植被景观的垂直分异,构成基底的各类景观类型的优势度随海拔变化,河谷地段的中山湿性常绿阔叶林、中山-亚高山的铁杉-常绿阔叶混交林、亚高山-高山的云冷杉/落叶松林优势度较高,高山-亚高山以杜鹃灌丛为优势景观类型;3.从斑块粒度上看,小斑块数量最多,占总斑块数的80.87%,中斑块占11.36%,其余均在3%以下;优势自然景观类型具有较大的巨斑块数;巨斑块面积比例最大,达到68.99%,其余斑块大小等级的分布面积比例在3%~9%之间。     

基于生态安全格局的山地河谷地区建设用地空间管制研究——以福建省沙溪重点开发区为例

构建山地河谷地区的生态安全格局对协调生态脆弱区的人地关系,指导建设用地空间管制,推动山区经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以福建省沙溪重点开发区为例,基于1992年、2000年和2015年三期土地利用数据,分析建设用地变化特点,并通过识别地质灾害防护、乡土文化遗产保护、生物保护和洪水防范等四类生态源地,应用MCR构建区域综合生态安全格局,结合DEM开展建设用地空间管制分区研究。结果表明:23 a间研究区居住用地和工矿用地持续增长,特别是工矿用地增长速度高达264.63%,但受河谷地形制约,建设用地扩张的集聚性极强,主要集中在沙溪干流5 km的缓冲区内,区域人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益突出;研究区综合生态安全格局以中、高安全格局区域为主,分别占研究区总面积的42.43%和41.47%,而低安全格局面积仅占16.10%,生态安全格局与其重点开发区的主体功能定位基本吻合;基于综合生态安全格局和山地河谷地形特点,提出建设用地空间管制分区方案,其中禁止建设区面积1354.66 km~2,占38.94%;限制建设区面积最大,为1408.70 km~2,占40.49%;作为建设用地后备资源的允许建设区受地形制约显著,面积504.10 km~2,占14.49%,且分布离建成区较远。研究结果将为主体功能区的国土空间规划、土地资源利用与生态环境协调发展提供科学依据与参考。     

基于MODIS数据的柴达木盆地南缘绿洲土地覆盖动态变化研究

基于遥感和GIS技术手段,利用2000—2009年生长季的MODIS数据对柴达木盆地南缘绿洲进行了土地覆盖分类,得到前期（2000—2004年）和后期（2005—2009年）两期土地分类图以及2000—2009年土地覆盖类型变化趋势图,分析了2000—2009年10 a尺度上该地区土地覆盖类型的面积变化以及空间分布格局。分析得知,柴达木盆地南缘绿洲同时存在两种演化趋势:绿洲化和荒漠化。近10 a来绿洲化的总面积为1 040 km2,占研究区面积的4.58%,主要集中在荒漠化区域与稳定区域之间;荒漠化的总面积为399 km2,占研究区面积的1.76%,其中80%集中在绿洲边缘（4 km以内）,也就是说,绿洲的边缘地区相对于绿洲的其他区域更易于发生荒漠化现象。从整个研究区来看,绿洲化趋势高于荒漠化趋势,其原因可能主要是由于近年来气候变暖,昆仑山上大量冰雪融化,为下游绿洲提供了一定的水资源,但绿洲上游一些地区人类活动的加剧使用了大量的水资源间接地影响了绿洲的演化,使得绿洲边缘水资源缺乏的地区荒漠化加剧。     

封面照片说明:青藏高原高寒草甸

高寒草甸(Alpine meadow)又称为高山草甸,是发育在高原和高山地带的一种草地类型。由于处在寒冷的环境条件下,其植被组成主要是冷中生的多年生草本植物。在青藏高原东部及其周围海拔3 000 m以上的高海拔山地,广泛分布着由蒿草等高寒植被组成的草甸,是青藏高原高寒生态系统的主要草地类型,分布面积约70×104km2,占青藏高原可利用草场的近50%。作     

哈巴雪山自然保护区垂直气候带划分研究

依据哈巴雪山自然保护区及附近气候观测资料,应用气候学方法和原理,综合分析该自然保护区垂直气候要素,分析中发现,光照、气温、降水等气候要素,随海拔升高,垂直分异明显。依据气候特征的垂直变化,结合植被及土壤的分布,参照划分垂直气候带的标准,将保护区划分为7种气候带：河谷中亚热带、河谷北亚热带、山地暖温带、山地中温带、山地寒温带、高山寒带、高山永久冰雪带。分析结果表明：保护区垂直气候带特征分异明显,气候类型丰富多样;山地寒温带、高山寒带等地区,生态高度敏感脆弱。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,