利用卫星影像进行南极格罗夫山蓝冰变化监测

裸岩分布信息是获取南极冰厚0等值线的重要方法和手段,同时也是极地遥感地面验证的重要数据,因而自动提取南极裸岩信息具有重要的研究意义。采用对岩石和冰川具有较好对比度的RADARSAT-1南极区域合成孔径雷达数据,基于恒虚警率（CFAR）的方法,实现了南极裸岩目标信息的自动化提取。该方法的研究以四种杂波分布模型为前提,从而分析不同分布模型的抗噪性能,并通过卡方检验准则验证了四种方法的有效性;在典型的实验样区上比较不同CFAR方法的裸岩检测性能,最终选定最优参数用于南极洲裸岩信息的自动检测。两组实验结果表明,采用CFAR结合Weibull分布的方法,南极山脉的裸岩提取精度可达80%以上并将错检率控制在8%以下,能够较为精确地提取裸岩信息。     

基于随机森林方法的遥感影像分类方法

通过研究随机森林方法,针对上海、辽宁、陕西、福建四个地区的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MO-DIS)影像数据,建立五个时间序列的训练集,通过随机森林机器学习方法,学习一年内目标区域的时序变化规律,从而获取更为精确的分类效果,并对比研究该算法对于上述四个地区识别方法的优劣.实验结果显示随机森林分类法在没有海部的地区识别效果能够达...     

基于MODIS时序影像的湖南省油菜种植面积遥感监测分析

基于时间序列影像数据的提取方法可实现快速监测大面积农作物的种植分布和面积估算.以湖南省为研究区,利用2017年500 m空间分辨率的MODIS NDVI时序数据,结合湖南省耕地分布数据和实地样点数据得到油菜物候标准曲线,采用最小二乘法与阈值法提取得到湖南省油菜种植分布.结果显示,遥感提取得到的湖南省油菜种植面积主要分布...     

秦岭地区NDVI与地形因子的相关性分析

秦岭山区地形因子是影响植被分布的重要因素。选取2001、2009和2017年MODIS陆地产品MOD13Q1数据和DEM数据,从DEM中提取地形因子,高程、坡度和坡向,与MODIS的NDVI数据结合,分析了地形对秦岭地区植被空间分布影响。研究结果表明:(1)NDVI随着高程的增大而逐渐增大,在高程1800 m左右时达到最大值,随后又随着高程的增大而减小;(2)NDVI在坡度0°～5°间逐渐增大,在5°～40°呈稳定趋势,从40°开始缓慢减小,60°达到乔木能够生长的坡面倾角临界值,当坡面倾角大于60°时植被指数开始快速减小;(3)受太阳辐射的影响,坡向在NW 270°～360°,SE 240°～270°之间的植被长势较好,其余坡向上长势一般。     

利用Mascon方法评估南极冰盖质量变化

以南极为例,评估了不同空间分布的观测点(包括规则格网和近似等面积格网以及是否向海洋泄露区域延伸)对空间域Mascon反演结果的影响。结果表明,位于毛德皇后地的Mascon对不同空间分布的观测值并不敏感,结果较为一致;而在位于阿蒙森海地区的Mascon,对于不同空间分布观测值较为敏感,差异可以达到80mm/yr左右。对于南极冰川总体质量变化速率(2003-2012)而言,不同观测值的结果十分相近,在90-100Gt/yr之间,但它们的空间分布会有差异。     

利用多源影像数据进行建筑物变化监测的方法研究

城市内加盖、扩建违法建筑物现象严重,如何快速准确地获取城市建筑物的基本情况,监测出违法建筑物信息,成为城市规划、建设部门的一个迫切问题;根据不同时期数字表面模型(DSM)差值比对可以获取建筑物高度变化的原理,通过对雷达及光学卫星影像各自特征的对比,提出了利用多源影像数据,快速准确的发现建筑物变化信息的方法。     

多源遥感数据在南极冰雪变化监测中的应用研究

正南极独特的地理环境和恶劣的自然条件给南极冰雪变化的系统研究带来了种种限制,直到卫星遥感技术的发展为相关研究提供了新的技术与方法。然而,在南极冰雪环境快速变化的前提下,单一的遥感传感器难以满足人类对南极的持续监测;因此,多源遥感数据在南极冰雪变化监测中的应用研究成为了南极科学研究与遥感技术研究双双发展的必然。本文使用光学遥感影像、主动微波遥感影像及被动微波遥感影像等多源遥感数据,分别在南极局部区域与     

基于亚像元分析技术的洞庭湖区洪水淹没提取

遥感成像技术具有成本低、效率高、时效性好等特点,被广泛应用于洪涝灾害监测工作。但受空间分辨率的限制,遥感影像中普遍存在混合像元现象。传统的硬分类方法无法精细化的提取地物信息。本文利用MOD09A1数据,将亚像元分析技术应用于洞庭湖区洪水淹没范围提取,提取结果与MNDWI阈值法进行了比较。实验结果表明亚像元分析技术,总体精度高达88.27%,Kappa系数达到0.67,优于MNDWI阈值法,能够实现洪水的精细化提取。     

利用Landsat卫星影像进行东莞市地表温度反演与变化分析

随着快速城市化进程,我国东南沿海一些城市新增了大量的城市建设用地,影响到了城市的人居环境,诱发了城市热的环境问题.探索城市热环境时空布局与变化特征,分析变化原因对城市可持续发展和人居环境质量改善具有重要的现实意义.本文以东莞市为例,以1986—2017年间8个时相Landsat系列卫星影像为数据源,利用单通道算法对东莞...     

利用半参数估计进行卫星影像定位

针对参数模型的局限性,提出了利用半参数模型的卫星影像定位方法。利用SPOT-5、IKONOS影像进行实验,分别采用严格成像模型和有理函数模型进行立体定位,实验结果表明:无控制点的情况下,采用半参数模型进行立体定位,SPOT-5的估计结果普遍优于参数估计,IKONOS的平面点位误差较小,其平面点位的半参数模型估计精度与参数模型基本相当,而高程的半参数模型估计精度要优于参数模型。     

InSAR技术在南极地区的应用

南极与全球环境变化的关系受到了全人类的关注.空间对地观测技术的发展,为人类进一步认识南极打开了新的局面.合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（InSAR）是近十年发展起来的极具潜力的空间对地观测技术,已经成为一种用于生成数字高程模型（DEM）地图制图及地表运动监测等的有效手段.通过Grove山地区的实例研究和分析,进一步肯定了InSAR在南极研究中不仅可以用于地图制图,而且在冰川动力学、冰貌环境变化等研究领域也有巨大的潜力.     

利用SAR数据研究南极Grove山地区冰流运动特征

Grove山地区是我国南极PANDA断面考察的重点研究区域之一。本文利用35 d时间间隔的Envisat ASAR数据,分别采用DInSAR、偏移量跟踪以及两者相结合的方法提取了该区域冰面流速信息,描述了该区域复杂的冰流运动特征,并对Grove山核心区的冰流运动特征进行分析。利用GPS实测数据和MEaSUREs流速进行精度分析,说明了结果的可靠性,并利用2006、2007和2009年三期南极冬季SAR数据提取了Grove山地区冰流速,发现该区域冰流速无明显年际变化。     

Keeping it simple: Monitoring flood extent in large data-poor wetlands using MODIS SWIR data

Characterising inundation conditions for flood-pulsed wetlands is a critical first step towards assessment of flood risk as well as towards understanding hydrological dynamics that underlay their ecology and functioning. In this paper, we develop a series of inundation maps for the Okavango Delta, Botswana, based on the thresholding of the SWIR band (b7) MODIS MCD43A4 product. We show that in the Okavango Delta, SWIR is superior to other spectral bands or derived indices, and illustrate an innovative way of defining the spectral threshold used to separate inundated from dry land. The threshold is determined dynamically for each scene based on reflectances of training areas capturing end-members of the inundation spectrum. The method provides a very good accuracy and is suitable for automated processing.     

Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品研究进展

Landsat系列卫星为地球资源环境动态监测提供了长达40余年的中高分辨率卫星影像,近年来USGS等实施的Landsat数据共享计划使Landsat系列卫星数据成为应用最广泛的中高分辨率卫星数据。长期以来,Landsat系列卫星数据以灰度值(DN值)的形式提供给用户,受传感器波段响应、具体成像条件(太阳高度角、大气散射和吸收等)差异等的影响,不同传感器、不同时间、不同地点的卫星影像DN值不具有可比性,给Landsat系列卫星数据的定量应用造成了障碍。近年来国内外多家研究机构陆续推出了Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品,以增强Landsat长时间系列卫星数据的可比性。本文对USGS、马里兰大学、WELD团队和中国科学院等多家机构推出的Landsat地表反射率产品进行了介绍,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Results of the VLBI experiments conducted with Syowa Station, Antarctica

The first successful geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations to Antarctica were made on baselines from Syowa Station (Antarctica) to Tidbinbilla (Australia) and to Kashima (Japan) in January 1990. Regular geodetic experiments started in 1998 with the installation of a permanent VLBI terminal at Syowa Station. These observations are conducted at the standard geodetic VLBI frequencies of 2.3 and 8.4 GHz, S- and X-Bands. In the first year, the 11-m multipurpose antenna at Syowa Station observed together with the 26-m radio telescope of the University of Tasmania in Australia and the 26-m radio telescope of the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory in South Africa. From 1999, the experiments were expanded to also include the O’Higgins Station in Antarctica, Fortaleza in Brazil and Kokee on Hawaii. From 1999 until the end of 2003, 25 observing sessions have been reduced and analyzed using the CALC/SOLVE geodetic VLBI data reduction package. The results show that the horizontal baseline of Syowa-Hobart is increasing at the rate of 57.0±1.9 mm/year. The baseline Syowa-Hartebeesthoek is also increasing, but at the lower rate of 9.8±1.9 mm/year. The VLBI result of 2.0±3.1 mm/year and the GPS result of −1.9±0.7 mm/year for the Syowa-O’Higgins horizontal baseline support the hypothesis of one rigid Antarctic plate without intra-plate deformation, which is consistent with the NNR-NUVEL-1A global plate motion model. The location of the Euler pole of the Antarctic plate by VLBI is estimated as 59.7°S and 62.6°E with a rotation rate of 0.190 deg/Myr, while that by GPS in our study is estimated as 60.6°S and 42.2°E with a rotation rate of 0.221 deg/Myr. These pole positions are slightly different to that implied by the NNR-NUVEL-1A model of 63.0°S and 64.2°E with a rotation rate of 0.238 deg/Myr. VLBI observations over a longer time span may resolve small discrepancy of current plate motion from the NNR-NUVEL-1A model. The consistency of the VLBI coordinates with the GPS coordinates at Syowa Station, after correction for the local tie vector components between the two reference markers, is also discussed.     

中国南极长城站绝对重力基准的建立

2004~2005年南极夏季期间,我国第21次南极科学考察队利用FG5绝对重力仪在长城站两个站点(C001和C002)进行了绝对重力测量,精度在±3×10-8ms-2以内,并同时进行了重力垂直梯度测量和水平梯度测量;利用2台LCR相对重力仪在韩国站、智利机场(2点)和菲尔德斯半岛地区的山海关、盘龙山、香蕉山、半边山等7个站点进行了高精度相对重力测量,精度达±10×10-8ms-2,并进行了相对重力仪比例因子的标定,建立了我国南极长城站地区绝对重力基准。     

不同海潮模型对东南极沿海地区GPS基线解算的影响

在高精度GPS数据处理中,海潮的影响是一个不可忽略的因素。利用GAMIT软件解算2011年东南极沿海地区中国中山站及其周边6个IGS站的GPS数据,对比分析了FES2004、DTU10、EOT11a、GOT4.7、HAMTIDE11a、OSU12以及TPXO7.2等7个全球海潮模型在不同测站的海潮负荷差异,比较了海潮负荷对于GPS基线解的影响。结果表明,海潮负荷对GPS基线解的影响与测站所处位置及基线方位有关,达到cm级,相对影响达到10^-8,因此,在高精度的GPS基线解算中必须考虑海潮的影响;但选用不同海潮模型对东南极沿海地区GPS基线解算的差异可忽略不计。     

南极拉斯曼丘陵重力基准的建立

2008～2009年南极夏季期间,中国第25次南极科学考察队利用A-10便携式绝对重力仪和LaCoste&Romberg G相对重力仪在南极中山站及附近拉斯曼丘陵地区建立了高精度重力基准网。该网由3个绝对重力点和10个相对重力点组成,其绝对和相对重力测量的精度分别优于7.5×10-8 m.s-2、20×10-8 m.s-2。     

Global, 30-m resolution continuous fields of tree cover: Landsat-based rescaling of MODIS vegetation continuous fields with lidar-based estimates of error

Abstract

We developed a global, 30-m resolution dataset of percent tree cover by rescaling the 250-m MOderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) Tree Cover layer using circa- 2000 and 2005 Landsat images, incorporating the MODIS Cropland Layer to improve accuracy in agricultural areas. Resulting Landsat-based estimates maintained consistency with the MODIS VCF in both epochs (RMSE =8.6% in 2000 and 11.9% in 2005), but showed improved accuracy in agricultural areas and increased discrimination of small forest patches. Against lidar measurements, the Landsat-based estimates exhibited accuracy slightly less than that of the MODIS VCF (RMSE=16.8% for MODIS-based vs. 17.4% for Landsat-based estimates), but RMSE of Landsat estimates was 3.3 percentage points lower than that of the MODIS data in an agricultural region. The Landsat data retained the saturation artifact of the MODIS VCF at greater than or equal to 80% tree cover but showed greater potential for removal of errors through calibration to lidar, with post-calibration RMSE of 9.4% compared to 13.5% in MODIS estimates. Provided for free download at the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) website (www.landcover.org), the 30-m resolution GLCF tree cover dataset is the highest-resolution multi-temporal depiction of Earth's tree cover available to the Earth science community.     

Fusing MODIS with Landsat 8 data to downscale weekly normalized difference vegetation index estimates for central Great Basin rangelands,USA

Data fused from distinct but complementary satellite sensors mitigate tradeoffs that researchers make when selecting between spatial and temporal resolutions of remotely sensed data. We integrated data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra satellite and the Operational Land Imager sensor aboard the Landsat 8 satellite into four regression-tree models and applied those data to a mapping application. This application produced downscaled maps that utilize the 30-m spatial resolution of Landsat in conjunction with daily acquisitions of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that are composited and temporally smoothed. We produced four weekly, atmospherically corrected, and nearly cloud-free, downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions (maps) built from these models. Model results were strong with R² values ranging from 0.74 to 0.85. The correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.89) were strong for all predictions when compared to corresponding original MODIS NDVI data. Downscaled products incorporated into independently developed sagebrush ecosystem models yielded mixed results. The visual quality of the downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions were remarkable when compared to the original 250-m MODIS NDVI. These 30-m maps improve knowledge of dynamic rangeland seasonal processes in the central Great Basin, United States, and provide land managers improved resource maps.