厚壁型胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的CT鉴别诊断

目的 探讨厚壁胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的鉴别诊断。方法 收集经病理证实的厚壁型胆囊癌15例与慢性胆囊炎15例的CT扫描进行对比分析。结果 15例厚壁型胆囊癌壁不规则增厚，增强的胆囊壁见连续性中断6例，胆囊腔变小和失去正常形态8例，胆囊壁显僵硬9例，胆囊周界不清10例，9例病人不同程度的胆总管扩张，7例见淋巴结肿大。15例慢性胆囊炎2例壁厚薄不均，胆囊挛缩变小，壁略显僵硬2例，胆囊周界不清4例，均未见肿大淋巴结。结论 CT在胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

不典型卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨不典型卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现。方法：分析经手术病理证实的CT检查呈不典型表现的卵巢畸胎瘤50例,并与病理结果对照。结果：50例中,均发生于单侧卵巢,右侧27例、左侧23例。大小范围为1．1～12．8am。形状呈类圆形43例、分叶状5例、不规则形2例。囊性或以囊性为主45例、实性5例。根据肿瘤CT表现与病理特征分：囊肿型38例（偏低密度囊肿型12例,高密度囊肿型9例,厚壁囊肿型9例,薄壁囊肿型8例）、无壁全脂肪型3例、实性型5例和混合肿瘤型4例。结论：有些不典型畸胎瘤也具有一定的CT特点,熟悉其CT征象及病理基础有利于提高诊断和鉴别诊断水平。     

基于浮游植物功能类群的广东省大型水库生态分区初探

2012年1月和7月通过对广东省境内10座供水水库进行水生态调查,采集48个站点的浮游植物样品,对其进行浮游植物功能类群的划分及聚类分析.调查区共鉴定出8门104属207种浮游植物,主要分属于30个功能类群.聚类分析将这10座水库聚合为4个类型区,第一生态类型区包括南水和新丰江水库,以适应低营养环境的功能类群为主;第二生态类型区包括飞来峡、白盆珠和新丰江水库,主要以中营养型和广谱型为优势功能类群;第三生态类型区和第四生态类型区包括高州、公平、大水桥、鹤地和汤溪水库,其中高州和公平水库主要以富营养型和广谱型为优势功能类群,其它水库则以适应富营养环境的功能类群为绝对优势类群.上述4个类型区浮游植物优势功能类群差异较大,且与水质营养状态有良好的响应关系.     

Studies of a contaminated brackish marsh in the Hackensack Meadowlands of Northeastern New Jersey: benthic communities and metal contamination

Cores taken from 16 stations within Eight Day Swamp, a highly contaminated marsh in the Hackensack Meadowlands, were analyzed for metal concentrations and for benthic community structure. Metal levels were compared with the benchmark ERM values, and expressed in terms of toxic units. Mercury was the most important metal in all the samples in terms of its contribution to the total toxic units. The overall abundance and taxa richness in the benthic community were associated with the height of the location relative to the tidal cycle, but were generally not significantly correlated with metal concentrations at the sites. Ordination of the communities showed that the communities that were low-lying (on the mudflat) were most similar to one another, and those that were higher up on the marsh were most similar to one another. However, diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener H' and Simpson's) were significantly associated with concentrations of the metals (except As) and with the sum of the toxic units at a station.     

高墩梁桥地震响应分析

本文将对两座高墩桥梁的地震响应进行分析,一座是连续-刚构组合梁桥,另一座是刚构桥。这两种是高墩桥梁普遍采用的桥型,对其进行详细的动力分析对此类桥梁的抗震设计具有一定的指导作用。针对这两种桥梁结构,本文首先分析直接影响结构动力响应的自振特性,从中总结高墩桥梁的特点,然后采用反应谱法、时程分析法分析结构地震响应,并对其结果进行比较,同时讨论桩-土相互作用对高墩桥梁地震响应的影响。     

长江安庆江段鱼类调查及物种多样性初步研究

对1990-2004年长江安庆江段鱼类及物种多样性进行了调查研究．该江段共有鱼类46种,分别隶属于9目14科．按迁徙习性可分为江湖半洄游性鱼类、洄游性鱼类、河口鱼类和定居性鱼类4大类型．小型定居性鱼类占优势,群落优势种为黄颡鱼、鲫、鲶、鲤．多样性特征值年间平均指标为:Margalef指数(R)1．54,Wilhm改进指数(H(?))2．14,McNaughton指数(Dw)0．44,Pielou指数(J’)0．75．经济鱼类趋于小型化,四大家鱼资源不容乐观．必须从根本上降低对长江的捕捞压力．     

MSCTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤的诊断中的应用。方法：收集经手术证实或DSA的颅内动脉瘤31例,所有的病例均行多层螺旋CT血管成像。CTA通过采取VR、MIP及CPR等后处理重建技术,实现脑内血管重现,展现颅内血管的真实情况。20例行手术治疗,11例行DSA检查。结果：本组31例,共36个颅内动脉瘤。29例单...     

老年人脑转移瘤的CT诊断及临床特点

目的：通过临床及手术病理对照，分析了63例老年人脑转移瘤的CT表现，探讨老年人脑转移瘤的CT征象及诊断意义。材料与方法：63例患者包括多发者39例，单发者24例。CT检查病例全部平扫，其中49例行增强扫描，观察CT对脑转移瘤的定位及定量价值，总结CT变化规律。结果：CT发现病灶118个，其中单发病灶34个占28.3%，2个病灶的58个占49%，2个病灶以上的26个占22.7%。目前CT对老年人脑转移瘤的定位，定量，定性都有特征性，方便快捷应为首选。     

An evaluation of the health status of the Lavaca Bay, Texas ecosystem using Crassostrea virginica as the sentinel species

Locational risks for compromised ecosystem health for the eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested from Lavaca Bay, Texas were estimated. Flow cytometric evaluation of variations in DNA content and the lysosomal destabilization assay were used for evaluation of genotoxicity and stress, respectively. Bayesian geo-statistical methods were utilized to estimate and evaluate spatial effects. For models with spatial risks, continuous surface maps of predicted parameter values were created to evaluate risk location. Lysosomal destabilization assay results were spatially oriented whereas flow cytometry results were fit best with the random effects model. While not spatially oriented, the highest levels of variations in DNA content were also present near industrial facilities. Locational risks of increased biomarkers of genotoxicity and stress in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) were increased with proximity to industrial facilities     

Experimental Study of the Earthquake Recurrence Period and the Trend of Post-seismic Development

In order to study the earthquake recurrence and the characteristics of earthquake series, rupture tests of rock samples and plexiglass samples were made. On rock samples, a number of acoustic emission (AE) and strain measuring points were deployed; the load was one side direct shear. The variation characteristics of AE and strain at different detecting points around the extra large fracture were observed and studied. On plexiglass samples, a series of inclined cracks were prefabricated by a small-scale compressive testing machine. The samples were then loaded on a shockproof platen, when the samples were loaded, the stress intensity factor (SIF) was determined by the laser interferometric technique and shadow optical method of caustics. The fracture conditions such as material toughness around the extra large fracture were also studied. From those experimental results and the theory of fracture mechanics, the earthquake recurrence period and the trend of post-seismic development were studied.     

应用底栖动物完整性指数评价上海市河流健康

据2011-2013年对上海市31条河流底栖动物的调查结果,对31个生物参数进行分布范围、判别能力以及相关性等进行分析,确定构建上海市河流底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)的4个参数:(寡毛类动物+蛭纲)数量百分比、耐污类群分类单元数、双翅目数量百分比和集食者分类单元数百分比.采用比值法统一量纲,将各个生物参数分值加和得到上海市河流B-IBI值.利用构建的B-IBI对上海市31条河流健康状况进行评价,结果表明:31条河流中,有4条河流处于健康状态,8条河流处于亚健康状态,9条河流处于一般状态,8条河流处于较差状态,2条河流处于极差状态;远郊河流健康状态最好,近郊次之,市区最差.     

Baseline for beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll

Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008-July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and polypropylene. Identifiable items were 28% of the total; 88% of the identifiable items were in the fishing/aquaculture/shipping-related and beverage/household products-related categories. Identifiable items were lowest during April-August, while pieces were at their lowest during June-August. Sites facing the North Pacific Gyre received the most debris and proportionately more pieces. More debris tended to be found on Sand Island when the Subtropical Convergence Zone was closer to the Atoll. This information can be used for potential mitigation and to understand the impacts of large-scale events such as the 2011 Japanese tsunami.     

巨淋巴细胞增生症胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果分析

目的:对巨淋巴细胞增生症胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果进行分析。方法:运用随机抽样的方法选取自2000年1月至2014年9月收集的60例巨淋巴细胞增生症患者,运用西门子16排CT扫描,对所有患者进行CT平扫及增强扫描,对患者的胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果进行分析。结果:CT平扫,具有低或稍低密度15例,缺乏均匀的密度10例。通常情况下,肿块具有较为均匀的密度,胸腹部肿块均有显著强化,部分强化不均匀,腹膜后肿块部分有斑点状、片状高密度钙化存在于中央;缺乏均匀密度的肿块,增强没有显著强化存在于中央;直接征象和间接征象分别为肿瘤部位、大小、形态、边缘、强化方式和附近脏器受压情况。结论:巨淋巴细胞增生症具有较高的胸腹部误诊率,增强扫描病变呈现几乎同步于胸腹部主动脉的显著强化,延迟持续中度强化,在巨淋巴细胞增生症的诊断中具有极为重要的临床意义。      

Clostridium perfringens as a potential indicator for the presence of sewage solids in marine sediments

Marine sediment cores collected from several depths of water and distances from a California sewage outfall were tested to see if sediments influenced by sewage solids were a reservoir of enteric pathogens, and if concentrations of indicator bacteria were related to the presence of sewage solids. Vertical distributions of microorganisms in marine sediments were determined; there was a decrease of indicator bacteria with increasing sediment depth. Aeromonas was randomly isolated, but none of the enteric bacterial pathogens or viruses were detected. While classic indicator bacteria were of little value in predicting the presence of pathogens, or relative amounts of sewage solids, Clostridium perfringens may be a suitable indicator. Clostridium perfringens concentrations were not related to the presence of pathogens in sediments.     

能谱CT最佳单能量技术优化头颈部CTA图像质量的研究

目的:探讨能谱CT最佳单能量技术提高头颈部CTA图像质量的价值。方法:选取2016年2月至2017年12月期间收治的60例疑似患有头颈部血管疾病的患者,进行能谱CT头颈部减影CTA检查。获得最佳单能量、常规混合能量两组减影图像,测量两组主动脉弓、颈总动脉末端、大脑中动脉M1段的CT值;计算两组图像信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）;对两组血管质量进行主观质量评分;并比较两组之间的差异性。结果:最佳单能量组、常规混合能量组在主动脉弓层面,平均CT值分别为445.25±105.45、283.88±71.96;在颈总动脉末端层面,平均CT值分别为444.00±96.02、350.38±76.40;在大脑中动脉M1段层面,平均CT值分别为375.00±73.78、280.00±55.12;差异均有统计学意义。两组图像SNR分别为62.01±39.56、31.36±17.35;CNR分别为60.46±39.19、30.10±16.80;差异有统计学意义;两组图像主观质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:能谱CT最佳单能量减影CTA较常规混合能量减影CTA,具有更高的血管CT值、SNR、CNR、主观质量评分,可提高头颈部血管CTA质量,优化血管的显示。      

Experimental developments for studying static and seismic behavior of retaining walls with liquefiable backfills

The effects of earthquakes on cantilever retaining walls with liquefiable backfills were studied. The experimental techniques utilized in this study are discussed here. A series of centrifuge tests was conducted on aluminum, fixed-base, cantilever wall models retaining saturated, cohesionless backfills. Accelerations on the walls and in the backfill, static and excess pore pressures in the soil, and deflections and bending strains in the wall were measured. In addition, direct measurements of static and dynamic lateral earth pressures were made. In some tests, sand backfills were saturated with the substitute pore fluid metolose. Modeling of model type experiments were conducted. The experimental measurements were found internally consistent and repeatable. Both static and dynamic earth pressure measurements were determined to be reliable. It was also observed that for the test configuration adopted, a special boundary treatment such as the use of duxseal is optional. Static and seismic modeling of models were also successful, which indicated that the assumed scaling relations were essentially correct.     

The conservation of small water reservoirs in the Krajeńskie Lakeland (North-West Poland)

This study comprised an inventory of vascular plants in 450 small water reservoirs (up to 1 ha in size). Most water bodies (76%) in the study area (Krajeńskie Lakeland, NW, Poland) were located in an agricultural landscape, typical of the region. A total of 576 species of vascular plants were recorded. Of these, about 76% were native species, 34 taxa were listed as legally protected in Poland and endangered in the region (Western Pomerania) or in Poland. 201 plant communities were identified, including 128 associations.Depending on the surrounding habitat, the following groups of ponds were identified: (1) mid-forest ponds; (2) mid-wetland ponds; ponds between arable fields, including (3) water basins with wide, well developed ecotone zones and (4) ponds with narrow or disturbed contact zones; and (5) ponds in urban areas. 30 ponds of each type were compared in detail. Differentiation and plant species richness of small water reservoirs was dependent on landscape type. The richest ponds were located within fields but isolated from their surroundings by a natural belt of rushes or trees, whilst mid-forest ponds were the poorest. Valorization was based on the presence of valuable flora (e.g. native, rare, and endangered species) and plant communities. This revealed that mid-forest and mid-wetland ponds were the most natural, while ponds in urban areas were the most strongly transformed.Ponds in the study area (n = 450) were also analysed for anthropogenic impacts. Anthropogenic stressors were observed in 51% of ponds. The most serious threats to the ponds of the Krajeńskie Lakeland were deterioration due to drainage and eutrophication. Over 35% of ponds were connected to a network of drainage ditches, with the highest percentage (57.1%) found in mid-forest ponds type.     

Concentrations of organochlorines in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from Southern Australian waters

Concentrations of DDTs, PCBs and HCHs were measured in sperm whales involved in two mass stranding events on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia in February 1998. DDTs and PCBs were present in all samples analysed, while only three contained HCHs. The relationships between organochlorines, sex, age and reproductive groups were marked by high variability. Differences in organochlorine concentrations were observed between animals from the two stranding sites and discussed in light of the ecology of this species. Concentrations of all pollutants were stratified throughout the vertical aspect of the blubber and possible reasons for and the implications of this are discussed. Concentrations of compounds were higher than those documented in this species in the Southern Hemisphere previously, although were relatively lower than those documented in the Northern Hemisphere. However, comparisons were confounded by spatial and temporal differences. Continued monitoring of marine mammals throughout this region in a co-coordinated, standardized manner is essential for establishing definite temporal and spatial variations in pollutant concentrations.     

Clionid sponge surveys on the Florida Reef Tract suggest land-based nutrient inputs

Bioerosion by Cliona delitrix and Cliona lampa was assessed at 43 sites along the Florida Reef Tract, USA, in the summer of 2001. Sponge abundances were estimated using rapid visual assessment. Tissue samples of sponges were taken for analysis of delta15N. Comparison samples were taken from Belize. Annual trends in sponge abundance were estimated from archived videos covering the period from 1996 to 2001. Sites with the greatest boring sponge size and cover were in the Backcountry and Lower Keys, where total nitrogen, ammonium, and delta15N levels were highest. The sites with the largest relative increase of C. delitrix and C. lampa over the 5 year period were in the Upper Keys, where the greatest relative decline in stony coral cover has occurred. Florida sponge delta15N values were 5.2(+/-0.1)%, suggesting the influence of human waste; in comparison, offshore Belize samples were 2.1(+/-0.1)%. These results suggest sewage contamination of the Florida Reef Tract, shifting the carbonate balance from construction to destruction.     

咽旁间隙内腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨咽旁间隙内腮腺基底细胞腺瘤(BCA)的CT特征及其与咽旁间隙的神经鞘瘤的鉴别要点。方法:报道并分析了咽旁间隙内基底细胞腺瘤1例的少见CT表现。复习了自2010年以来国内关于CT诊断腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的所有文献,其中有详尽数据和完整描述的,且每篇报道在10例以上的文献仅4篇,共计77例,83个病灶。本文对这些病灶的个数、大小、所处腮腺的部位、囊变及钙化进行了小计。结果:单发者占94.8%,位于腮腺浅叶者占86.7%,小于3 cm者占92.8%,囊变者占60.2.%,钙化者占2.4%;咽旁间隙内腮腺基底细胞腺瘤位于二腹肌后腹的浅面,咽旁间隙脂肪内移。结论:咽旁间隙腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT表现具有一定的特征性,二腹肌后腹是鉴别咽旁间隙内基底细胞腺瘤和神经鞘瘤的分界线。