地转条件下的浪致辐射应力

首先将Longuet-Higgins提出的海浪辐射应力拓广为自海面至任意深度的单位面积铅直水柱承受的海浪辐射应力,并在此基础上首次给出地转条件下单位水体承受的海浪辐射应力计算式.最后给出单位水体承受的浪致作用力,为在海流数值模拟中便利的考虑海浪对流的驱动作用提供必要的条件.     

Prediction of design wave loads of the ocean structure by equivalent irregular wave approach

The present study is employing the equivalent irregular wave approach to predict the wave loads for a ship encountering the worst sea state with respect to the critical dynamic loading parameter. Two different hydrodynamic numerical models, i.e. 3D pulsating source technique and 3D translating pulsating source technique, are applied to calculate the corresponding RAO of the ship moving in waves. Incorporating the RAO of the related physical properties, we can calculate the extreme value for the corresponding ship loading factor, which can be regarded as the worst sea state in the service lifetime of the ship. With the time and period of the occurrence of the corresponding extreme value, we can simulate the time history of the wave load in this period, which is so-called equivalent irregular wave approach. Comparing with the results calculated by the traditional equivalent regular wave approach, we find that the equivalent irregular wave approach can simulate the corresponding wave load more realistic, especially for dynamic pressure. Using the equivalent irregular wave approach can offer the effective and practical base for the ship structural analysis.     

不规则波激励下磁力双稳态波浪能转换装置的能量捕获特性研究

该研究提出了一种新型磁力双稳态机构,主要由一对同向充磁的负刚度磁环,附加一对异向充磁的正刚度磁环组成,可通过调整磁环参数有效改变双稳态装置的势垒高度,从而克服传统型双稳态装置在小幅波浪激励下转换效率低的难题。基于Cummins方程建立了系统的时域非线性动力学模型,其中采用状态空间模型替代了辐射力的卷积积分项用于加快计算速度。采用四阶龙格库塔方法求解动力学方程,获得系统响应解。采用Jonswap波浪谱,研究了不规则波激励下波浪能转换装置的转换效率随双稳态结构参数以及波浪激励参数的变化规律。结果表明,新型磁力双稳态机构在合适参数下可以达到降低势垒高度和拓宽平衡点间距的效果,从而显著提高波能捕获效率,拓宽波能捕获频带,尤其是大幅提高了系统在小波高激励下的捕获宽度。     

考虑波浪辐射应力的潮流泥沙数学模型

根据海岸河口地区潮流、波浪、泥沙的运动特点及其相互作用机制,考虑了波浪场产生的"波浪辐射应力"和"波流挟沙力"动力要素对潮流场和泥沙运动的影响,在泥沙扩散方程中考虑了紊动水流作用,采用有限元加权集中质量法,建立了考虑波浪作用的潮流泥沙数学模型,并利用锦州港港区的潮流及泥沙资料对模型进行了验证。验证结果表明,潮位吻合良好,流速、流向、含沙量分布基本相似。在此基础上,模拟了工程建设前后,港区附近潮流场和泥沙淤积的变化,分析了泥沙骤淤现象。模拟结果表明,该数学模型能够适用于海岸河口地区潮流、泥沙的模拟,为波浪作用下潮流场和泥沙淤积的预测提供一种新的模拟方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

Numerical simulation of irregular wave overtopping against a smooth sea dike

Based on the filtered Navier-Stokes equations and Smagorinsky turbulence model,a numerical wave flume is developed to investigate the overtopping process of irregular waves over smooth sea dikes.Simulations of fully nonlinear standing wave and regular wave’s run-up on a sea dike are carried out to validate the implementation of the numerical wave flume with wave generation and absorbing modules.To model stationary ergodic stochastic processes,several cases with different random seeds are computed for each specified irregular wave spectrum.It turns out that the statistical mean overtopping discharge shows good agreement with empirical formulas,other numerical results and experimental data.     

多方向不规则波传播变形数值模拟

在推广的缓坡方程数学模型基础上建立了多方向不规则波数学模型,综合考虑了波浪折射、绕射、反射、底摩擦和风能输入等因素。基于线性波浪理论,将波浪方向谱在频率和方向上按等能量分割法离散后,分别计算各组成波的传播变形,再计算合成波要素。缓坡方程数学模型采用改进的ADI法求解,计算效率高,稳定性好。采用椭圆形浅滩不规则波模型试验结果和单突堤不规则波绕射理论解对数学模型进行了验证,数值模拟结果和试验值及理论解符合良好。利用该模型进行了某港港内波浪折射、绕射和反射的联合数值模拟,给出了合理的港内波高分布。     

不规则波对浪溅区结构物冲击作用的试验研究——频域分析

对不规则波对浪溅区结构物的冲击作用实验结果进行了谱分析研究。给出了不同试验组次的结构物底面所受波浪冲击压力的谱分析结果，得到了结构物底面所受波浪冲击压力的谱矩m0沿结构物底面的分布规律，讨论了入射波波要素和结构物底面距静水面的相对高度s/H1/3对作用于结构物底面的冲击压力谱矩m0,avg的影响，给出了平均冲击压力谱矩m0,svg.与统计分析的压力特征值Pc的关系。     

不规则波与开孔沉箱相互作用数值模拟

采用三步有限元法对N-S方程进行离散,同时借助CLEAR-VOF方法追踪流体自由表面,利用主动吸收式造波等手段改进了二维不规则波浪数值水槽,使得水槽中的波浪谱与目标靶谱吻合较好。进而建立了不规则波浪与开孔沉箱作用一种新的数值模式,分析研究不规则波作用下开孔沉箱的反射率,并与现有的物模结果和数模结果进行了对比,为不规则波与开孔沉箱作用问题的研究,探求了一种新的数值手段。     

根、茎、叶定量概化植物模型沿程不规则波消减实验

在理论分析的基础上利用根、茎、叶均可量化的植物模型,开展波浪水槽实验。通过改变实验水深、入射波高、植物分布密度等因素,研究不规则波在植物群传播时沿程波高衰减特性,利用快速傅里叶变换对不规则波频谱变化情况进行分析。结果表明,各植物模型消波效果较好,但很少出现植物消波的边界效应,不规则波沿植物群的波高变化情况多数时与Mendez理论曲线不一致,植物群各部分的波能衰减情况并无固定的变化规律。此外,波能衰减集中在谱峰频率处,且入射波高越大,透射波与入射波之间的谱峰值差值越大,但透射波的频谱宽度与入射波相比无明显变化。本研究可为采用近岸植物消波护岸提供一定的理论依据。     

Linear irregular wave generation in a numerical wave tank

In the design of any floating or fixed marine structure, it is vital to test models in order to understand the fluid/structure interaction involved. A relatively inexpensive method, compared to physical model testing, of achieving this is to numerically model the structure and the wave conditions in a numerical wave tank. In this paper, a methodology for accurately replicating measured ocean waves in a numerical model at full scale is detailed. A Fourier analysis of the measured record allows the wave to be defined as a summation of linear waves and, therefore, Airy's linear wave theory may be used to input the wave elevation and associated water particle velocities. Furthermore, a structure is introduced into the model to display the ability of the model to accurately predict wave–structure interaction. A case study of three individual measured waves, which are recorded at the Atlantic marine energy test site, off the west coast of Ireland, is also presented. The accuracy of the model to replicate the measured waves and perform wave–structure interaction is found to be very high. Additionally, the absolute water particle velocity profile below the wave from the numerical model is compared to a filtered analytical approximation of the measured wave at a number of time-steps and is in very good agreement.     

堆石防波堤不规则波浪反射系数试验研究

结合物理模型试验,分析斜坡坡度、波陡、相对水深、护面类型和破波参数等因素对堆石防波堤不规则波浪反射系数的影响规律。将常用的Van der Meer公式,Seelig公式,Postma公式和Davison公式计算值和实测值进行比较,并结合试验数据,基于有效波高和平均周期定义的Iribarren数,得出堆石防波堤不规则波浪反射系数经验公式。结果表明,该公式能较好地计算不规则波作用下块石和扭王块体护面堆石防波堤波浪反射系数。     

Vertical variations of wave-induced radiation stress tensor

INTRODUcrIONThe concept of radiation stress was deve1oPed by tonguet--Higgins and Stewart (1964 ),who intreduced the definition of radiation stress as the excess mornentum due to the presence ofwaves, on the basis of time-averaged laws of Newtonian fluid mechanics and the assmption ofa unifOrm velocity distribution over depth. Subequently, the theory has been applied success-fully in the investigation of phenomena such as wave set-up and set--down (Bowen et al.,l968), longshore currents …     

Experimental study of unidirectional irregular wave slamming on the three-dimensional structure in the splash zone

The experimental investigation of unidirectional random wave slamming on the three-dimensional structure in the splash zone is presented. The experiment is conducted in the marine environment channel in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. The test wave is unidirectional irregular wave. The experiments are carried out with perpendicular random waves (β=0°) and oblique random waves (β=15°, 30°, 45°), the significant wave heights H_1/3 ranging from 7.5 to 20 cm with 2.5 cm increment, the peak wave periods T_p ranging from 0.75 to 2.0 s with 0.25 s increment, and the clearance of the model with respect to the significant wave height s/H_1/3 ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 with 0.1 increment. The statistical analysis results of different test cases are presented. The statistical distribution characteristics of the perpendicular irregular wave impact pressures are compared with that of the oblique irregular wave on the underside of the structure. The effect of the wave direction β on the wave impact forces on the underside of the structure is determined. The relation between the impact forces and the parameters such as the significant wave height, the relative structure width and the relative clearance of the structure is also discussed.     

波浪辐射应力对海流模式影响的数值分析

将波浪辐射应力,特别是地转意义下的波浪辐射应力引入海流数值模式POM(princeton ocean model),在渤海海域进行了初步的数值研究。在目前的数值分析中仅考虑了波浪辐射应力的横向分量(也是最重要的分量)。在POM模式中引入非地转和地转意义下的波浪辐射应力两种方案,并与原模式直接运行(即不考虑波浪辐射应力)的结果进行比较。比较显示,波浪辐射应力,特别是地转意义下的波浪辐射应力对海流模式结果的影响不容忽略。在海浪场存在的条件下,由风应力和地转意义下浪致作用力共同作用产生的海流强度应比理论上Ekman漂流的强度大,尤其是在浪致作用力显著的表层,表层流将明显增强,且不会完全符合Ekman漂流理论的转向规律。     

不规则区域海浪嵌套模式设计及其应用实例

本研究针对第三代MASNUM海浪模式的并行设计特点,设计实现了并行化不规则嵌套计算,从而提高了海浪模式嵌套模拟的灵活性和时效性.选取浙江舟山、宁波附近海域,利用201 1年的NCEP再分析风场作为强迫,采用大、中、小网格并利用该嵌套模式进行了三重嵌套应用.其中大、中区域实验均采用规则矩形方式设置开边界,大区域的模拟结果为中区域嵌套实验提供开边界条件,同时中区域嵌套输出小区域嵌套实验在不规则开边界上的边界条件.中区域的实验结果与卫星观测资料的对比表明:嵌套实验比无嵌套实验的误差小30％左右,二者在开边界附近的有效波高差异较大,达到0.5m以上.8月份中区域的无嵌套实验所得有效波高平均为0.7m,最大值为3.6m,嵌套实验结果则分别为1.0、7.1m,后者更接近以往观测资料所显示的平均波高1.5～2.0 m和最大波高5.0 ～10.0 m的结果,表明该常规嵌套方式的可行性.小区域实验也包含嵌套和无嵌套2个实验,开边界均采用不规则形状.实验结果表明:在5～8月期间,嵌套实验的波向与无嵌套的波向差异较明显,主要表现为外海传入;在6～7月份,嵌套实验与无嵌套实验有效波高的差值达1.0m以上;嵌套实验的周期普遍大于无嵌套的模拟结果,其最大差异为8 s.上述实验结果表明,该嵌套模式可实现规则开边界区域和不规则区域的嵌套模拟,可应用于复杂近岸区域的海浪数值模拟和预报,有效提高对关注区域海浪的模拟能力.     

近岸波浪破碎区不规则波浪的数值模拟

基于近岸不规则波浪传播的抛物型缓坡方程和两类波浪破碎能量损耗因子,对近岸波浪破碎区不规则波浪的波高分布进行了数值模拟,并结合实验结果对数值模拟结果进行了验证分析,结果表明采用两类波浪破碎能量损耗因子所模拟的破碎区波高与实测值均吻合良好,波浪破碎能量损耗因子及波浪破碎指标对破碎区波浪波高分布影响较明显。     

明基床开孔沉箱不规则波反射系数试验研究

通过二维波浪水槽物模试验,在考虑消浪室相对宽度、相对水深、相对波高、开孔率对反射系数的影响基础上,针对明基床开孔沉箱的工程应用,引入相对基床高度新的影响因素,通过控制单一变量原则分析各因素和反射率的关系,采用多元回归给出明基床开孔沉箱不规则波浪反射系数的计算公式,对明基床开孔沉箱的消浪机理进行了有益的探索,研究成果为工程设计及应用提供了一种简捷可靠的计算方法。     

斜向不规则波对直墙作用的实验研究

通过长峰不规则波和方向波谱对直墙作用的实验研究 ,分别给出了每延米斜向不规则波波浪力与正向力之比 ,方向波谱波浪力与斜向长峰不规则波波浪力之间的关系 ,通过与规则波实验结果的比较给出了斜向规则波与不规则波波浪力之间的相对关系 ;并对斜向不规则波的反射系数与正向波时的变化作出了分析     

Physical simulation of multidirectional irregular wave groups

Real waves are multidirectional waves.In the present study,the calculation method for the wave maker driving signals for generating multidirectional wave groups in physical wave basin is proposed.Its validity is first confirmed by a numerical model for which the incident boundary condition is determined by use of the proposed method.Then,the physical simulation of multidirectional wave groups is performed in laboratory wave basin.The experimental results show that multidirectional waves with expected wave groupiness,which includes not only its group height but also its group length,can be satisfactorily generated at the specified position in the physical wave basin.     

斜向和多向不规则波对直立堤平均越浪量研究

通过三维波浪模型试验研究了斜向和多向不规则波对直立堤的越浪量。分别按平均越浪量和单波最大越浪量进行研究,探讨了平均越浪量随相对堤高、波浪方向、波浪方向分布宽度、波陡和相对水深等影响因素的变化规律,导得了斜向和多向不规则波作用于直立堤上的平均越浪量的计算公式。