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通过对冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物样品的分级测试,总结出不同粒级沉积物中元素的含量和赋存形式特征。粗粒级(>63μm)中以陆源碎屑矿物和碎屑矿物晶格中类质同象元素赋存,细粒级(<63μm)中粘土矿物及其吸附作用对常量、微量和稀土元素的富集有重要影响。 相似文献
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马里亚纳海槽作为正在活动的典型弧后盆地,是研究俯冲作用对岩浆作用和壳幔动力学影响的理想场所。通过对采自该海槽中南部的样品进行系统的岩石地球化学特征对比与研究,并结合前人已发表的岩石地球化学数据,探讨了马里亚纳海槽中南部的地幔富集(亏损)程度、地幔熔融程度、地幔熔融深度以及俯冲物质的加入程度。结果表明:(1)马里亚纳海槽中南部主要发育一套中低钾钙碱性系列玄武岩、玄武质安山岩;(2)海底岩石富集了大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、重稀土元素;(3)将马里亚纳海槽沿扩张中心分为三段,对每段地幔熔融的程度和深度进行计算并且消除地幔不均一性的影响,发现在15°N和18°N附近二者呈现负相关关系,其余地区则呈现正相关关系,证明海槽存在两种地幔熔融模式;(4)微量元素比值显示海槽受多种俯冲组分影响,并且马里亚纳海槽南部的南段可能存在另一个富水熔体端元,可能是导致海槽扩张速率较快的原因。对俯冲物质的加入程度进行计算,发现靠近15°N与18°N俯冲组分的影响变弱,这进一步表明,马里亚纳海槽火山岩的变化可能是由于类似N-MORB的地幔源区与类似岛弧的地幔源区混合造成的;俯冲物质是控制地幔熔融程度的主要因素,并且扩张速率与地幔富集/亏损程度等也发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽浮岩中岩浆包裹体岩石化学成分特征 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
系统地分析了冲绳海槽酸性浮岸中玻璃质岩浆包裹体的岩石化学成分,探讨了包裹体的岩石化学成分特征及其在岩浆起源及结晶演化过程中的指示意义,并结合前期及前人工作讨论了冲绳海槽不同岩石类型之间的成因联系及演化关系。结果表明,斑晶结晶时岩浆熔体为钙碱性英安质或流纹质岩浆,是来自地幔的拉斑玄武质岩浆充分结晶分异作用的产物。尽管各斑晶矿物中玻璃质岩浆包裹体的化学成分有所差异,但根据包裹体的岩石化学成分特征可以断定包裹体所代表的岩浆具有同源性,其差异只是反映了岩浆结晶演化的不同阶段或不同矿物结晶期,为进一步详细研究浮岩岩浆的结晶演化过程提供了最直接的资料。对比冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与玄武岩等不同岩石类型的岩石化学特征,可以证明这些岩石类型之间存在着密切的成因联系,包括同源性与继承性,它们分别是岩浆作用不同阶段的产物。另外,包裹体的成分主要取决于包裹体所在斑晶矿物的种类与成分,分析中未发现岩石化学性质明显不同的岩浆包裹体共存的现象,也没有在中酸性矿物中发现基性玻璃质岩浆包裹体,因此可以推断基本不存在不同性质的岩浆之间的直接混合作用。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽岩浆源的三分量混合模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综合分析了冲绳海槽玄武岩中微量元素的地球化学特征,发现最少要求三分量混合作用来解释其岩浆源成分,并通过最大方差因子分析估算了3个分量的贡献比例。亏损型地幔是海槽岩浆源的主体,但其中舍有富集型地幔的成分,尤其是海槽中部玄武岩岩浆源中这种富集型地幔成分的特征表现得更为明显。俯冲组分是岩浆源中的另一个主要成分,贡献量为20%左右,是造成海槽区玄武岩中Pb强烈富集的重要原因。 相似文献
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借助冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学分析结果,讨论了海槽不同区段岩浆的温度、压力、密度和黏度等物理化学参数,以确定海槽岩浆的物理性质及其对海槽不同区段岩浆演化过程的影响.海槽北段的岩浆相对于中段表现出高压力、低温度的特征.由于海槽岩浆挥发分含量较高,北段岩浆的密度和黏度要高于中段的.但总的来说,海槽岩浆具有低密度、低黏度的特点,因此岩浆更容易穿透岩石圈,而且有利于岩浆结晶分异作用的进行.对海槽岩浆相对运移速度的研究显示,在外部条件及含水量相同的前提下,在海槽中段岩浆上升速度要大于北段的,这从岩浆物理化学性质的角度解释了为何海槽中段火山活动要强于北段的. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽北端表层沉积物过渡元素地球化学特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用原子吸收和等离子发射光谱等方法,对冲绳海槽北端184个表层沉积物中的Al和过渡元素(Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Zr)进行了化学分析。结果表明,由于受生源碎屑稀释作用的影响,过渡元素在陆架砂质区含量较低,其分布呈北西-南东向舌状延伸;由于细粒组分的增加,在陆架细粒沉积区和海槽区过渡元素含量较高。Mn主要在海槽区富集,在陆架和陆坡区变化不大。除了Mn之外,Al和其他过渡元素均呈明显正相关。Al/Ti比值与陆壳平均值接近,说明二者主要来源于陆源碎屑。Mn/Fe比值与邻近海区沉积物类似,但在陆架区CaO含量大于20%的沉积物和海槽区沉积物中相对较高,这分别是生物富集作用和自生沉积的结果。过渡元素富集因子分析结果表明,研究区过渡元素部分来自于黄河、部分来自于长江物质。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽南部柱状沉积物地球化学特征及其古环境意义 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
对冲绳海槽南部E017柱状沉积物进行了地球化学分析,结果表明,该柱状沉积物主要的化学组成为SiO2、Al2O3、CaO和TFe2O3(全铁),K2O、Na2O,MgO和MnO次之,具有明显的东海陆架沉积特征,但微量元素明显富集。R型因子分析可将该柱状沉积物的化学组成划分为5种组合类型:(1)SiO2,Na2O,Zr,Al2O3,K2O,TFe2O3,MgO,Co和Cr;(2)CaO和Sr;(3)SiO2,Na2O和Zr;(4)Cu,Pb,Zn和Ni;(5)MnO和Ba。根据元素在垂向上的协同变化关系,前3个元素组合分别对应于陆源碎屑沉积、生源沉积和火山沉积,后两个元素组合主要与早期成岩过程中元素的再分配和自生沉积作用有关。氧同位素和AMS^14C的测年结果表明,该柱状沉积物属于末次冰消期(约15kaBP)以来的沉积,全新世和末次冰梢期的界线在175cm左右。与全新世相比,末次冰消期沉积速率较高,沉积物的料度相对较粗,陆源碎屑组分SiO2、Al2O3、K2O等相对较高,生源组分CaO和Sr的含量相对较低。 相似文献
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北部湾玄武岩地幔源区性质的地球化学示踪及其构造环境 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
北部湾发育一系列上新世玄武岩,其全岩K—Ar年龄为5.9—2.4Ma,是伴随北部湾盆地拉张而形成的一次较大规模的岩浆活动。岩石化学和微量元素地球化学研究表明,该玄武岩属于碱性玄武岩系,具有OIB型微量元素配分模式,形成于较均一的地幔源区,具有以EM2型地幔端元为主、混有HIMU和EMl型端元的地幔源区性质,形成于地幔柱或地幔热点的构造环境。北部湾盆地与红河剪切断裂带具有相同的地幔源区,而与受太平洋板块影响的地幔源区差别较大。玄武岩形成和北部湾盆地拉张主要受印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲导致的红河断裂带大规模剪切走滑控制,5Ma左右红河断裂带由左行走滑剪切转变为右行走滑剪切的构造性质转换可能是导致地幔异常扰动和岩浆活动的地球动力学机制。 相似文献
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南沙海槽区表层沉积物的地球化学特征 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
对南沙海槽区73个表层沉积物的地球化学及沉积环境特征进行了研究。微量元素主要有Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr、Sr、Ba和Zr,表现为亲陆性,常量组分为SiO2、AI2O3、TFe、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、PO25、TiO2,表现为边缘海向深海过渡的沉积环境特点。沉积物质含有粘土组分、碳酸盐型生物碎屑组分、陆源碎屑非粘土组分以及火山碎屑、岛源物质,沉积环境与水深关系密切,在200m以浅,沉积物的供给复杂,沉积环境多变,在200m以深,沉积物的供给和沉积环境稳定。 相似文献
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Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the northern East China Sea shelf margin and the Okinawa Trough 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
ZENG Zhigang YU Shaoxiong WANG Xiaoyuan FU Yongtao YIN Xuebo ZHANG Guoliang WANG Xiaomei CHEN Shuai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):48-61
Volcanic rocks both from the northern East China Sea (NECS) shelf margin and the northern Okinawa Trough are subalkaline less aluminous,and lower in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE).These rocks are higher in Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE),thorium and uranium contents,positive lead anomalies,negative Nb-Ta anomalies,and enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE).Basalts from the NECS shelf margin are akin to Indian Ocean Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB),and rhyolites from the northern Okinawa Trough have the highest 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios.The NECS shelf margin basalts have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios,ε N d and σ 18 O than the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks.According to 40 K– 40 Ar isotopic ages of basalts from the NECS shelf margin,rifting of the Okinawa Trough may have been active since at least 3.65–3.86 Ma.The origin of the NECS shelf margin basalt can be explained by the interaction of melt derived from Indian Ocean MORB-like mantle with enriched subcontinental lithosphere.The basalts from both sides of the Okinawa Trough may have a similar origin during the initial rifting of the Okinawa Trough,and the formation of basaltic magmas closely relates to the thinning of continental crust.The source of the formation of the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks was different from that of the middle Okinawa Trough,which could have been generated by the interaction of basaltic melt with an enriched crustal component.From the Ryukyu island arc to East China,the Cenozoic basalts have apparently increasing trends of MgO contents and ratios of LREE to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE),suggesting that the trace element variabilities of basalts may have been influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate,and that the effects of subduction of the Philippine Sea plate on the chemical composition of basaltic melts have had a decreasing effect from the Ryukyu island arc to East China. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽中部伊平屋脊火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成:对岩石成因和地幔源区的指示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As an active back-arc basin, the Okinawa Trough is located in the southeastern region of the East China Sea shelf and is strongly influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Major element, trace element and Sr-NdPb isotopic composition data are presented for volcanic rocks from the Iheya Ridge(IR), the middle Okinawa Trough. The IR rocks record large variations in major elements and range from basalts to rhyolites. Similar trace element distribution characteristics together with small variations in ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.703 862–0.704 884), ~(144)Nd/~(143)Nd(0.512 763–0.512 880) and Pb isotopic ratios, demonstrate that the IR rocks are derived from a similar magma source. The fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and amphibole, as well as accessory minerals, can reasonably explain the compositional variations of these IR rocks. The simulations suggest that approximately 60% and 75% fractionation of an evolved basaltic magma can produce trace element compositions similar to those of the intermediate rocks and acid rocks, respectively. The analysis of their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic content ratios suggest that the source of the rocks from the IR is close to the depleted mantle(DM) but extends to the enriched mantle(EMII), indicating that the mantle source of these rocks is a mixture between the DM and EMII end members. The simulations show that the source of the IR volcanic rocks can be best interpreted as the result of the mixing of approximately 0.8%–2.0% subduction sediment components and 98.0%–99.2% mantlederived melts. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONTheOkinawaTrough (OT) ,locatednorthwestoftheRyukyuTrenchandtheRyukyugunto ,eastoftheEastChinaSeashelf,isaback arcbasinbulgedtotheRyukyuTrench .TheOTextendsfromKyushuinthesouthwestofJapantotheIlanPlaininthenortheasternTaiwan ,Chinainthesouthwest… 相似文献
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Glass inclusions in volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin:constraints on magma genesis and evolution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
INTROOUcr1ONThe Okinawa Trough is a typical marginal back-arc basin, where its oPening began in rela-tively recent years* There is a great controversy about the origin of its initial magYna. haltand acid volcanic pumice make up the bimedal volcanism in the Okinawa Trough. MOSt of geol-ogists believed that the acid pumice was the preduct of extremely crystal fractionation of baseltInagTna, but the others argued that it should com from the melting of lower-crust. Som de-tailed petrolOgic… 相似文献
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Back-arc rifting in the Okinawa Trough 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masaaki Kimura 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1985,2(3):222-240
Geological and geophysical data reveal that the Okinawa Trough shows incipient continental rifting, and crustal separation started from about 2 Ma. The early extensional movements in the trough are probably of Miocene age. In addition to the Miocene phase, two main periods of extension are recognized: a Pleistocene phase between 1.9 and 0.5 Ma and the present day phase. During the stage short central rifts (Central Grabens) were formed. The opening however, may have occurred only in the southern part of the trough basin having an average half spreading rate of 2 cm yr?1 since Early Pleistocene time, producing its present width of several tens of kilometres. These activities were well represented by igneous intrusions, sedimentary facies and sedimentary structures in and around the Okinawa Trough. The width of the zone affected by back-arc extension (defined as Greater Okinawa Trough) is larger than the present Okinawa Trough, whose width is 200–250 km. The present form of the Greater Okinawa Trough started to form at the same time as that of the Okinawa Trough. 相似文献
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对冲绳海槽及邻区的ΔT磁异常特征进行了定性分析和变纬度化极处理,通过对比ΔT磁异常和化极磁异常分布特征,对冲绳海槽及邻区几个构造地质学问题进行了探讨。冲绳海槽基底埋深较大,沉积中心位于海槽西部;钓鱼岛隆褶带大规模基底隆起的南端终止于渔山-久米断裂带,断裂带以南的东海陆架南部边缘覆盖了厚层沉积物;以渔山-久米断裂带、舟山-国头断裂带和吐噶喇断裂带为代表的NW-NWW向右旋平移断裂带在东海构造演化过程中自西向东逐渐前展,对构造应力场起到了重要的调节作用,是东海"南北分块"构造格局中主要的构造单元边界;中新世以来台湾碰撞造山作用引起了东海陆架南部主要构造单元的顺时针旋转;菲律宾海板块的俯冲对琉球弧前地区的磁异常分布产生了显著影响。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽北段地磁场特征及其地质解释 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据磁异常的分布特征,冲绳海槽北段可以分成三个异常区:东海陆架边缘异常区、东海陆坡异常区和冲绳海槽北段异常区。在东海陆架边缘区,磁异常以正为主,最大可达+ 350nT,该区所对应的磁性基底埋深较浅,一般在2~3km 。在东海陆坡异常区,除了有NNE向展布的负异常外,在此背景上还发育了一些沿NWW 向展布的次级异常,推测本异常区的磁异常与NW 向的基底断裂有关。冲绳海槽北段异常区所在宽缓负异常的大背景下又有几处正异常条带分布,则是在吐噶喇断裂带控制作用下所产生的磁性较强而又不均匀的火成岩体的反应 相似文献
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冲绳海槽断裂、岩浆构造活动和洋壳化进程 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
讨论了冲绳海槽断裂、岩浆构造活动特征和它们之间的关系,认为雁行排列的地堑斜交于陆架外缘隆起带,海槽北段断块隆脊、龙王构造带和海槽南段"棉花构造带"可能保留了海槽各幕断陷前的火山岩浆活动特征,而现在活动的吐噶喇火山岛弧可沿海槽南段岛坡追踪到台湾。吕宋岛向台湾的碰撞挤压引起的旋张活动加强了海槽南段的地壳拉张,诱发了地堑内火山岩浆活动,在洋壳化进程中起关键作用,其中最典型的八重山地堑已经形成洋壳。断裂和岩浆活动主要是单向地向岛弧侧迁移,由洋中脊扩张产生的对称条带状磁异常模式难以解释冲绳海槽的洋壳化进程。 相似文献