江苏句容石砀山矿区-300 m以上铜多金属矿体探采对比

选取江苏句容石砀山铜矿标高-300 m以上Cu①号主矿体,基于普查、详查、生产勘探及开采各阶段的地质资料,将地质勘查资料与生产勘探及开采后确定的构造、矿体特征、开采技术条件、矿体资源储量等参数进行对比研究,探讨勘查期间勘查类型划分、方法手段、工程间距选择的合理性,分析探采不同阶段的矿体形态、规模、控制程度及资源储量估算的误差率,为今后该矿床深部及类似矿床的勘查及开采提供借鉴。     

某染化厂污染地块健康风险评估

选取江苏句容石砀山铜矿标高-300 m以上Cu①号主矿体,基于普查、详查、生产勘探及开采各阶段的地质资料,将地质勘查资料与生产勘探及开采后确定的构造、矿体特征、开采技术条件、矿体资源储量等参数进行对比研究,探讨勘查期间勘查类型划分、方法手段、工程间距选择的合理性,分析探采不同阶段的矿体形态、规模、控制程度及资源储量估算的误差率,为今后该矿床深部及类似矿床的勘查及开采提供借鉴。     

安徽铜陵狮子山铜矿床探采对比研究

本文选取矿体形态变化、厚度变化、底板位移、品位变化和储量误差作为铜陵狮子山铜矿床矿山探采对比项目开展研究,分析了地质勘探期间对勘探类型划分及勘探手段、勘探方法、勘探网度选择的合理性;明确了原地质勘探对矿体形态和规模的认识和控制程度及资源/储量估算的误差率,为今后地质条件类似矿床的勘查、设计及开采提供了很好借鉴作用。     

吉林省舒兰市福安堡钼矿勘探品位与开采品位的变化特征

笔者全过程参与了吉林省舒兰市福安堡钼矿勘查与开发工作,发现对于同一矿体,开采品位高于勘探品位,开采储量高于勘探储量,且呈现一定的正相关规律。这对指导矿床勘查、开发有重大意义。     

空气反循环钻探在紫金山金铜矿生产勘探中的应用

金山金铜矿经过几十年的大规模生产,金矿开采已进入矿体的边部和底部,矿体规模小,形态、产状复杂,矿石性质变化大,保有资源储量仅能满足矿山未来几年的生产需要,急需勘探接替资源。结合矿山生产实际和矿区地质条件,选择空气反循环钻探作为主要探矿手段。在分析空气反循环钻探工艺原理和适用条件的基础上,对施工机具的选取进行了详细阐述。通过对比,分析空气反循环钻探在紫金山金铜矿露采生产勘探、北口排土场含金废石（人工堆渣“矿床”）勘查中的成效以及问题。实践证明,空气反循环钻探技术可以用于紫金山金铜矿的生产勘探。     

地质统计学储量估算中块尺寸的合理选择

在矿产勘查、矿山设计、生产及管理等各阶段都需要进行资源储量估算的工作。地质统计学方法相对于传统储量估算方法具有明显优势,在资源储量估算中获得了广泛的应用。估值过程中单元块尺寸的合理选择对储量估算结果至关重要,然而,在以往实践中块尺寸通常根据经验或主观判断进行选择,缺乏科学依据。本文在总结前人工作及地质统计学资源储量估算经验的基础上,将块尺寸的选取问题明确地划分为勘探阶段和生产阶段。针对不同阶段的特点,重点讨论了块尺寸与品位、储量、估计精度、选别开采单元的关系,为块尺寸的合理选择提供参考。并以某特大型钼矿为工程背景,进行了深度解析及数据实验,得出了块尺寸不仅影响资源品位分布、矿石量而且影响开采技术经济指标的结论,综合考虑估计精度和选别开采单元,推荐该矿床选择15m×15m×15m的单元块尺寸进行储量估算。     

基于SD法估算东安金矿床5号矿体资源储量

资源储量估算是矿产地质勘查工作中的一项重要任务,是估算矿床经济价值和矿山设计的基本依据。SD资源储量估算和审定方法（SD法）,诞生于20世纪80年代,它是一种以SD动态分维几何学为理论,以最佳结构地质变量为基础的资源储量估算方法,适于不同矿种及矿产勘查开采各个阶段,它应用SD精度法,成功量化矿产资源储量的地质可靠程度,...     

新疆博乐市桑金布拉克饰面石材花岗岩矿地质特征

文章阐述了新疆博乐市桑金布拉克饰面石材花岗岩矿的主要矿体形态、产状、规模和矿石的类型、品种及物理性能、放射性、荒料率、加工技术性能等质量特征,以及工作区水、工、环地质勘查,矿床开采技术条件;估算了花岗岩矿石资源/储量.     

综合研究在甘肃礼县马泉金矿床四号矿带勘查中的重要性

通过对马泉金矿床四号矿带的勘查验证表明，综合研究工作对矿床地质勘查尤为重要。尤其对矿带的控矿因素、矿体对应连接关系和矿化富集规律等方面，通过综合研究，对矿体的产状、规模和富集规律认识更接近客观实际，合理地圈定了矿体，真实地反映了矿带资源／储量，所选择的勘查手段、勘查类型和工作方法更加合理科学，为矿床开发提供了可靠的地质储量依据。     

内蒙古白音高勒有色金属矿区基于DIMINE的三维地质建模及矿产储量估算

为提高矿体储量计算的精度,实现矿体的可视化建模和储量计算,以内蒙古白音高勒有色金属矿区为例,提出普通克里格法可视化的计算方法。根据矿区的地质勘查资料,结合DIMINE数字矿山软件建立矿床地质数据库,构建了可视化的矿体三维实体模型,基于地质统计学原理,筛选出钻孔样品数据并对其进行组合,根据组合后样品的统计分布特征,构建了矿区变异函数模型,并对矿床内矿体的品位进行赋值计算,采用普通克里格法进行空间插值,较为准确地计算了该矿床的矿产储量,降低了计算误差,为矿山资源储量管理和开发利用提供了一定的参考。     

Coal mining impacts on water environs around the Barapukuria coal mining area, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

The present research makes an effort towards awareness of the impact of underground coal mining on water environment around the Barapukuria coal mining area, Dinajpur by direct field investigation, questionnaire survey and laboratory analysis. For this research, the three foremost errands have been mulled over which are the water level data analysis for 10 years from 2001 to 2011, ground water major parametric analysis and the questionnaire survey on the availability of ground water before and after coal mining operation. The results of field and laboratory analysis show that the characteristics and concentrations of all the major physical and chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Temperature, HCO₃ ^?, NO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Fe^(total) are still tolerable for all purposes and also within the standard limit. On the other hand, the questionnaire survey and water level data analysis confirm almost similar results regarding the depletion of water level. The water level has depleted more than 5 m from 2001 to 2011. Therefore, currently the availability of ground water is normal in the rainy and winter seasons but is slight problematic in the dry season where ground water was available at all times prior to coal mining in the area. From these scenarios, it is comprehensible that the ground water level moves downwards than earlier because of the excess pumping of water from the mine area. Besides the natural recharge condition is not enough and somewhere breaks off while some of the mines out areas are subsided, consequently the upper part of the water bearing formations (aquifer) loses its porous and permeable properties resulting water recharging problem which is directly responsible for depleting the ground water level over the area. Moreover, the water levels will also decline relative to the location, depth, recharge, and discharge conditions of the mine both aerially and vertically while there is a typical relationship between the depth of mining and static water level which is water levels will decline more as the mine goes deeper. Therefore, taking into account the current ground water condition and the depth of Barapukuria coal mine, this research implied that the water level will deplete more in day coming and the water crisis will be more for future. Thus, this research recommends a sustainable guideline for long-term planning and also suggests that regular monitoring with time to time more detail qualitative and quantitative assessments of water bodies in the area.     

Georadiochemical evidence to weathering of mining residues of the Mansfeld mining district,Germany

Mining heaps are used as archives for the investigation of weathering processes. Aim of this work was to investigate the different weathering behavior of heap materials derived from Kupferschiefer mining with respect to environmental hazard. For this purpose, Kupferschiefer and slag material of two heaps of different age were examined regarding to the radionuclide distribution and geochemical composition. By measuring of the local dose rate, performing digital autoradiography and gamma spectrometry the radiological load of the heaps and the heap materials was determined. The geochemical characterization of the samples was performed by XRF, ICP–OES and ICP–MS. The results show a clear higher radionuclide load of the younger slag heap. A depletion of chalcophile and lithophile elements in the older slag was determined. Apart from a homogeneous radionuclide distribution, considerable radionuclide enrichments in fossil fragments could be proven. The results reveal a different weathering behavior of slag material in comparison to the Kupferschiefer depending on the chemical binding of the elements on organic and inorganic species. Natural organic matter as well as apatite in Kupferschiefer act as retention barrier for some metals.     

Geochemical study of different-aged mining dump materials in the Freiberg mining district, Germany

Historical mining dumps are useful archives for the investigation of weathering processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the weathering behavior of waste-rock material derived from the 800-year-old silver ore mining in Freiberg, Germany. For identifying time-dependent weathering indices, dumped material of four dumps of different ages and corresponding rock was examined regarding the geochemical composition. The dumped material is characterized by high contents of heavy metal containing sulfidic ores, such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Acid mine drainage is produced by the oxidative weathering of the sulfide minerals and causes the increased dissolving of soluble metals with increasing age of dumps. As a result of these weathering processes, a clear depletion of chalcophile elements in the older dump material (800 years) compared to the youngest dump (100 years) was observed. In the soil horizons downstream the dumps, high quantities of heavy metals (e.g., up to 12,000 ppm As, 3,300 ppm Pb, 640 ppm Zn), mainly adsorbed on organic matter, were determined and indicate a time-dependent element transfer from the dumps into their surrounding soils.     

通化市浑江煤田义兴屯—二道沟矿区主要威胁采矿的水来源分析

吉林省通化市浑江煤田义兴屯—二道沟矿区主要水的来源有地表水、第四系孔隙水、裂隙水、岩溶水和生产矿井和老窑水,通过对该区地表水及含水层的分析,构成该矿区最大威胁的水为附近有生产井的老窑。     

Arsenic in the Muteh gold mining district, Isfahan, Iran

Following the appearance of symptoms of arsenic toxicity in the inhabitants of villages in the Muteh gold mining region, central Iran, the concentration of this element in various parts of biogeochemical cycle is investigated. For this purpose, rock, groundwater, soil, plant, livestock hair and wool, and human hair samples are collected and analysed. Total arsenic content ranges from 23 to 2,500?mg/kg in rock samples, 7?C1,061???g/l in water, 12?C232?mg/kg in soil, 0.5?C16?mg/kg in plant samples, 4.10?C5.69?mg/kg in livestock hair and wool, and 0.64?C5.82?mg/kg in human hair. Arsenic concentration in various parts of biogeochemical cycle near the gold deposit in a metamorphic complex, and also close to the gold-processing plant, is very high and decreases exponentially with increasing distance from them. Arsenic concentration in water from a well close to the Muteh gold mine is above 1?mg/L. Arsenic in hair samples taken from local inhabitants is above the recommended levels, and the control samples in Shahre-Kord city. Arsenic concentration is higher in male population and correlates positively with age. It is suggested that arsenic resulting from the decomposition of ore mineral such as orpiment (As₂S₃), realgar (As₂S₂) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS) is responsible for polluting natural resources and the human intake via drinking water and the food chain. Gold mining and processing has undoubtedly enhanced the release of arsenic and intensified the observed adverse effects in Muteh area.     

Karst collapse in cities and mining areas,China

Karst collapse is a dynamic geological phenomenon, in which the rock mass or deposits overlying the karstified zone subsides down along the karst cavity, resulting in a collapse pit or sinkhole. After discussing the typical examples of collapse emerging in the karst cities and mines in provinces and regions of South China, such as Guangdong. Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Jiangxi, it is considered that human activities of economy and production have become a major effect in causing karst collapse. Man-made collapses make 66.4 percent of the total, whereas natural ones 33.6 percent. Most of the collapses occurred to the area with soil overburden (96.7 percent), only a few in areas of bedrock overburden (3.3 percent). The karst collapses have a close relationship with the extent of karst development, the character and the thickness of overburden, and the dynamic condition of underground water. Collapse usually occurs in those parts of an area that are more intensely karstified, with soil thickness less than 5 m and a high amplitude of water table fluctuation. Many kinds of mechanical effects are caused by pumping or draining on the overburden and destroying its equilibrium, leading to the collapse. These effects included the support loss and loadadded effect, penetrating suffusion, gas explesion, water-hammer, suction pressure erosion, and liquatienal effects. The collapses are the result of varied comprehensive effects, particularly the support loss and load-added, and penetrating suffusion.     

The Hiendelaencina mining district (Guadalajara,Spain)

The Hiendelaencina mining district (Guadalajara, Spain), includes the ore deposits of the Hiendelaencina, La Bodera and Congostrina areas. In this paper a general overview of this district is given, with special emphasis on the parageneses, mineralizing stages and chemical characteristics of the sulphides and sulphosalts. These deposits contain silver in Sb-rich sulphosalts such as freibergite, pyrargyrite, polybasite, stephanite, freieslebenite and the Bi-rich sulphosalt, aramayoite. Three mineralizing stages have been detected in Hiendelaencina and Congostrina: (1) As-Fe; (2) Cu-Zn-Fe-Sb-Ag; and (3) Pb-Sb-Ag (±Bi) but only two in La Bodera (stages 2 and 3). The average sulphosalt formulas are: freibergite (Cu_0.5 Ag_5.9) (Fe_1.42 Zn_0.66) (Sb_4.49 As_0.02) S₁₃; pyrargyrite Ag_3.38 Sb_1.0 S₃; polybasite (Ag_16.3Cu_0.15) (Sb_2.8 As_0.15) S₁₁; stephanite Ag_6.7 Sb_1.38 S₄; freieslebenite Ag_1.1 Sb_0.83 Pb_1.05 S₃ and aramayoite Ag_1.06 Bi_{0. 35} Sb_0.7 Pb_0.03 S₂. The compositional patterns of these sulphosalts (mainly based on the Sb/(Sb + Ag), Ag/ (Ag + Cu), Sb(Ag + As) and Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios) are outlined, pointing broadly to similar tendencies in their chemistry and genetic conditions.     

Impact of mining activities on soils and sediments at the historical mining area in Podljubelj,NW Slovenia

The abandoned Hg mine in Podljubelj was in operation with interceptions from 1557 to 1902. The entire operating period yielded about 110 000 tons of ore, from which 360 tons of Hg was produced. The objective of the research project was to establish the contents and spatial distribution of Hg in soils and stream sediments in the vicinity of the mine. On an area of 88 ha the soil was sampled in a 100 × 100 m grid. Two soil horizons (0–5 cm and 20–30 cm) were sampled in order to distinguish between geogenic and anthropogenic Hg sources. It was established that on an area of about 9 ha Hg content in soil exceeds The New Dutchlist action value for Hg (10 mg/kg). Total Hg concentrations in soil samples vary between 0.17 and 719 mg/kg, with a mean of 3.0 mg/kg. Mercury contents in stream sediments range from 0.065 to 1.4 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.64 mg/kg. The highest determined value in soils was found in the area around the former roasting furnace, where the ore was processed. Increased Hg concentrations were also found on the mine waste dump (108 mg/kg). Mercury contents in soils generally decrease with soil profile depth and with the distance from the mine and from the roasting furnace location. Mercury also appears in higher concentrations along the road that runs through the valley, which results from the use of Hg-bearing ore residues in road construction. The average enrichment factor (EF) of Hg in topsoil with respect to subsoil is 3.3. Calculated enrichment factors show higher values also for Cd (3.2), Pb (2.7), Ca (2.4) and P (1.9). The average enrichment factor of Hg in topsoil with regard to the established Slovenian soil averages (EF_slo) is 19. EF_slo of other determined chemical elements do not exceed 3.0.     

Geochemical signature of historical mining: Fowey Estuary, Cornwall, UK

Geochemical analyses of intertidal sediments from the northern part of the Fowey Estuary, Cornwall, UK, reveal a clear pulse in Sn concentration in sediments which predate 1880. Sn concentrations at the base of the cores increase rapidly to peak values of 1200 ppm and then decrease to values of 200 ppm at the present-day sediment surface. The mineralogy of the sediments is consistent with an origin from the release of mine waste from tin streaming and smelt products into the estuary. Further to the south, the down-core geochemistry of the estuary sediments is uniform with values of typically 400 ppm. This is interpreted as due to the natural reworking of the recognised pulse in particulate mine waste seen to the north.     

Mercury pollution from artisanal mercury mining in Tongren, Guizhou, China

Concentrations of total Hg (T-Hg) were measured in mine waste, stream water, soil and moss samples collected from the Tongren area, Guizhou, China to identify potential Hg contamination to local environments, which has resulted from artisanal Hg mining. Mine waste contained high T-Hg concentrations, ranging from 1.8 to 900 mg/kg. High concentrations of Hg were also found in the leachates of mine waste, confirming that mine waste contains significant water-soluble Hg compounds. Total Hg distribution patterns in soil profiles showed that top soil is contaminated with Hg, which has been derived from atmospheric deposition. Data suggest that organic matter plays an important role in the binding and transport of Hg in soil. Elevated T-Hg concentrations (5.9–44 mg/kg) in moss samples suggest that atmospheric deposition is the dominant source of Hg to local terrestrial ecosystems. Concentrations of T-Hg were highly elevated in stream water samples, varying from 92 to 2300 ng/L. Particulate Hg in water constituted a large proportion of the T-Hg and played a major role in Hg transport. Methyl–Hg (Me–Hg) concentrations in the water samples was as high as 7.9 ng/L. Data indicate that Hg contamination is dominantly from artisanal Hg mining in the study area, but the extent of Hg contamination is dependent on the mining history and the scale of artisanal Hg mining.