幔枝构造与冀北金银多金属矿产的成矿控矿作用

幔枝构造是地幔热柱多级演化的三级单元,其对内生矿产的成矿控矿作用十分明显.文章归纳了幔枝构造的基本特征,并在此基础上将河北省划分成5个幔枝构造区.提出幔枝构造核部、主次拆离带及上置断陷盆地的成矿控矿规律,总结了"内金、外铜-银-铅锌"的成矿格局,以期为本区进一步找矿提供思路.同位素数据统计认为:成矿物质主要源自地球深部,通过地幔热柱多级演化迁移到近地表并逐步就位、成矿.     

冀东拆离滑脱带型金银矿的研究

以往金矿地质勘查主要限定在变质岩区，并着重寻找金的矿源层。其主要原因是认为变质岩系金的背景值较高。新的研究表明，金元素主要来自深源（地核），通过地幔热柱－地幔亚热柱－幔枝（变质核杂岩）构造，以气态－气液混合态－含矿流体的形式迁移，并在幔枝（变质核杂岩）构造的轴部韧性剪切带、岩体内外接触带、主次级拆离滑脱带、盖层裂隙带等有利构造扩容带中聚集成矿。因此，应注重这几种类型金矿的寻找。     

花市金矿地质特征及其与拆离滑脱带构造的关系

“幔枝构造理论”在花市金矿的找矿工作中起到了很好的指导作用，取得了很好的找矿效果，在花市金矿和尖保山金矿得到了很好的验证。花市金矿发现拆离带型金矿脉五条；横张断裂型金矿脉一条；反向铲状断裂控制金矿脉二条。这一理论在马兰峪复背斜的两翼找矿有很好的应用前景。     

地幔热柱多级演化及其成矿控矿研究:以张-宣幔枝构造研究为例

张-宣地区是河北省金银多金属矿床集中区,可划分出以宣化-崇礼-赤城-带岩浆-变质杂岩区为中心的金矿集中区和外围盖层区的银多金属矿分布区.近年研究表明,金银多金属成矿物质主要来自地球深部,通过地幔热柱多级演化向上迁移,并在幔枝构造的有利构造扩容带中集聚成矿.分别以幔枝构造核部的东坪金矿、拆离带的黄土梁金矿和外围断陷盆地中...     

幔枝构造及其控矿断裂系统

幔枝构造是地幔热柱多级演化的第三级构造单元，是地幔热柱在地壳上的综合表现形式，一般由核部岩浆-变质杂岩、外围盖层拆离滑脱层、上叠断陷火山-沉积盆地等三个单元组成。各单元叉发育独特的断裂构造体系，核部岩浆-变质杂岩中往往发育轴部韧性剪切带、脆性叠加剪切带、岩体侵位构造等；外围拆离层发育主拆离滑脱带、次级拆离滑脱带、反向铲状断裂、横张断裂等；上叠断陷火山-沉积盆地中发育裂陷构造、与次火山机构相关的环状断裂、放射状断裂等。它们不仅是幔枝构造的鉴定标志，也是沿地幔热柱-亚热柱向上迁移的深源成矿气-液体的储集场所，往往成为很好的成矿控矿构造。     

太行山北段金矿成矿规律研究

研究表明,位于阜平幔枝构造北东倾伏端的紫荆关－大河南地区是有利的成矿产中位,成矿物质主要来自深源,通过地幔热柱－地幔亚热住－幔枝构造多级演化向上运移,并沿途萃取围岩中部分矿质,在幔枝核部裂隙带,外围主拆离滑脱带及共上盘盖层裂隙带有利构造扩容带聚集成矿。据此,总结了金矿的时,空分布规律,归纳了不同层次的成矿模式,指出了新的找矿靶区。     

冀北地区幔源成矿作用研究

河淮地幔亚热柱的隆升，使岩石圈发生强裂减薄的同时，地幔物质呈蘑菇状向外围造山带之不拆离。当幔源拆离薄层被造山带陡倾韧性剪切带切割造成减压释荷，使韧性软化岩石转变为深熔岩浆上侵。形成沿造山带轴部展布的点状或线状构造岩浆带，表现为以构造岩浆带为核部的隆升构造－幔枝构造。隆升较快的构造我段上覆盖层呈揭顶式大幅度拆离，形成典型折变质核杂岩构造。地幔亚热柱→幔枝构造→变质核杂岩演化过程控制着成矿物质的运移、     

太行山北段阜平幔枝构造成矿作用研究

阜平幔枝构造北东倾伏端，是轴部乌龙沟－上黄旗韧脆性剪切带与外围主拆离滑脱带的交汇部位，断裂构造发育，岩浆活动强烈，成矿控矿有利，矿床类型多样。笔者以上明峪主拆离滑脱带型金矿、镰巴岭上盘盖层裂隙型铜铅锌矿和支家地上叠断陷盆地中次火山岩裂隙型银矿为例，讨论了幔枝构造外围主拆离滑脱带、上盘盖层密集裂隙带和上叠断陷盆地次火山岩构造的成矿控矿作用，总结成矿规律，归纳成矿模式。     

太行山中北段拆离带型金矿的成矿作用研究

阜平、赞皇隆起是太行山区中新生代伸展体制控制的变质核杂质，变质核杂岩的强烈隆升和东、西两邻断陷的大幅度沉降，在变质杂岩核的外围形成长期活动的正向拆离滑脱带。金很容易在拆离滑脱带中迁移，聚集成矿，为此，本文依据已有研究成果及找矿实践提出，在太行山中北段应注意寻找拆离滑脱带型金矿。     

拆离带控矿的典型实例——以鲁西磨坊沟式金矿为例

磨坊沟式金矿是指鲁西铜石地区赋存在早寒武世朱砂洞组灰质白云岩和白云质灰岩中的碲金矿床，近期地质勘查表明，矿体产出层位相对稳定，分布面积较广，矿化较为连续，具有很大的资源潜力和找矿远景。其围岩具明显的黄铁绢英岩化、高岭土化、方解石化和萤石化。碲金矿的形成与黄铁绢英岩化密切相关。矿床产出的构造部位为鲁西幔枝构造核部，铜石隆起外围太古宙结晶基底与寒武纪盖层间主拆离带之上的次级拆离带中。成矿物质来自深源（地幔），矿体就位受主、次级拆离滑脱带控制。由于次级拆离带断坪顺层展布，故矿体亦表现出似层状特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861