General Principles for Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps

Usually, a street map contains various types of detailed information and appears to be crowded. As a result, to many users, a street map looks complicated and is not easy to read and follow. In fact, to a certain degree, too much detail makes the map uninformative and noisy. The London tube map, called a schematic or topological map in some literature, has often been cited as an excellent example of a simplified map. Algorithms have been developed by researchers to automate the generation of schematic maps for road networks. However, it is found that there is still a lack of defined general principles and here four general principles have been formulated for schematisation – the Principle of the Preservation of the Topological Relationship; the Principle of the Preservation of the Main Structure of the Line Network; the Principle of Relativity in Position; and the Principle of Relativity in Length. The first two are the principles of preservation: these two should never be violated. The last two are principles of relativity: it is very desirable to keep these two intact unless there is an absolute need to violate them.     

Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps Adaptive to Display Sizes

Schematic maps have been popularly used for the representation of metro (or underground) lines and nowadays have also been used for the representation of other network maps. This paper presents a strategy for automated generation of schematic network maps for different display sizes, based on a redistribution of line density. This strategy consists of three steps: (a) estimation of spatial density of the network maps, (b) automated redistribution of line density in order to improve map clarity, for different display sizes, and (c) automated generation of schematic representations. An experimental evaluation has been carried out by using two sets of real-life network data. The results indicate that this strategy is able to generate schematic maps with much improved clarity for different display sizes and well-preserved map recognition.     

基于动态分段的道路网示意性地图模型综合

针对传统弧段-结点模型不能完整有效地表达道路网的几何与属性特征,提出了基于动态分段的道路网示意性地图综合模型。即按照道路网属性一致性、图形延续性等原则组织道路网路径实体,以完整路径线状实体为单元,采用基于路径的道路网图形简化、移位一体化处理方法,实现道路网地图快速示意化。实验对比分析结果表明,基于动态分段的道路网示意性地图表达更加清晰、有效。     

道路网络示意图的多边形生长算法

道路网络示意图是实体网络的抽象表示,因其更加符合人的认知习惯,在地图服务与地图制图领域已得到初步应用。以路径为单位的网络示意图自动生成算法只顾及节点与线段的局部布置,且较难以维护网络拓扑一致性。本文以闭合多边形(网眼)为基本单位,利用网眼的独立性与邻接性,提出了多边形生长算法,核心思想是将道路网络分类为闭合多边形与非闭合线段,以闭合多边形提取、映射、优化为主线,辅助组合非闭合线段。算例分析验证,本算法在网络均衡分布及拓扑一致性方面具有优势。     

道路网示意性地图的渐进式综合研究

研究并总结了示意性道路网地图的制图规则,量化了约束条件,提出了一种道路网渐进式图形简化方法和移位方法,并研究了拓扑关系检查方法。在具体实验中,通过对道路网上点的分类,依据约束条件,快速生成有效的道路网示意性地图,同时保证了原始道路图与示意性道路图之间的拓扑关系一致性。     

利用化简分割生成示意性网络地图

从整体到局部相互协调是示意性网络地图的关键所在,已有方法多是单纯地将线段作为示意基本单元,当空间要素分布不均衡时,容易产生示意结果全局表达不一致以及局部要素过于紧凑而变形的现象。考虑网络连通与网络闭合这两个性质,提出了一种化简分割生成方法,核心思想是根据连通化简网络,进而依据闭合构建网眼与线段两种基本示意单元。首先,对网络节点化简以及方向、长度调整,形成整体一致的化简网络;其次,将化简网络分割为网眼集合与线段集合;第三,建立从网眼至线段的示意化过程,通过网眼局部控制以避免要素过于紧凑。实验讨论了本文方法在不同示意约束规则之下的表现效果,与经典迭代寻优方法的对比分析表明,在网络整体形态保持与局部要素布置方面具有一定的优势。     

基于Voronoi邻近的移动地图自适应裁剪模型

当前移动地图采用距离关系裁剪模型生成!无法根据地理对象的分布变化自动调整裁剪窗口的大小,导致突出的信息失衡问题!直接影响移动地图的易读性.针对这一问题!提出一种基于Voronoi邻近的移动地图自适应裁剪模型!即通过移动用户的Voronoi邻近关系自适应调整裁剪窗口的大小,以实现移动地图的信息自适应均衡.实验证明,模型可以有效地改善移动地图的信息均衡性.     

网状地图自动化示意化设计规则研究综述

示意地图由于其简单清晰的表达, 已经被广泛应用于展示公共交通路线。然而当前示意地图制作是以计算机绘图软件辅助的半自动方式进行的, 耗时耗力且极大依赖于制图者的经验和技能, 因此自动化生成示意地图已经被很多研究人员所关注。在网状地图自动示意化研究中, 示意地图设计规则制定是开发自动化示意化方法的基础, 直接决定着示意结果图的质量。本文对现有自动化示意化方法中使用的设计规则加以了综述, 首先将现有设计规则根据其应用目的的不同分为3类, 即单线图形处理、网络图形处理、地图颜色和注记配置, 并简要介绍了实现每条规则在当前研究中所采用的方法, 之后指出了现有规则中仍需改善的几个方面并提供了可能的改进方向, 其中包括网络图形示意化和设计规则制定方式, 以期进一步推动网状地图自动化示意化研究的深入。     

The Potential of Maps APIs for Internet GIS Applications

Since the launching of Maps Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in 2005, many web developers, including geographers and non‐geographers, applauded the freely adaptable tools and used them to spawn numerous Internet applications. The success of the Maps APIs is largely attributable to its no‐cost policy, the availability of global data coverage, dynamic navigation, query capability, and ease of implementation. Despite its versatility in dynamic exploration of geographic data online, the existing Maps APIs lack Geographic Information System (GIS) functionalities compared to other Internet Mapping Services. The goal of this research was to review the potential of the Maps APIs for Internet GIS applications. This research employed the Google Maps API and developed a web prototype that disseminates spatial information of urban sprawl in Mundy Township, Michigan. The results revealed that both vector and raster data could be effectively represented by using the Maps API. Moreover, the Geographic Markup Language (GML) approach illustrated great potential for developing Internet GIS solutions around open specifications. This research suggested several potential solutions to expand the spectrum of GIS operations of the Maps APIs by incorporating the XML‐related technology and extending the JavaScript library.     

居民地注记自动定位的研究和试验

本文根据常规制图方法中居民地注记的定位原则,讨论了注记位置自动查找的方法,将定位中的关键问题——何为最佳注记位置,模型化,使之便于计算机处理,并用实验数据验证此算法的合理性和可行性。     

MAPIT: A Computer Program for Production of Flow Maps,Dot Maps and Graduated Symbol Maps

Abstract

This paper describes some results of an attempt to design and to write a general purpose computer program which can be used to produce quality maps of discrete data by the person who has had no training in computer programming. In the first section, the variety of the maps this program can produce is illustrated; in the second section, some of the principles involved in such map production are discussed; in the third section, the input arrangements for using the program are described and, finally, the role of such programs in teaching and research in the years ahead is discussed.     

移动电子地图中伪3D可视化设计

定义了移动电子地图中伪3D可视化概念,提出伪3D可视化模型,并设计了快速的三维投影变换算法。进行了移动电子地图的伪3D可视化实验设计,并给出了可视化性能测试结果。     

基于谷歌地图的地震信息可视化应用

针对禁核试北京国家数据中心地震核查监测数据产品的需求,设计并实现基于Google Maps的动态实时更新的可视化地震信息系统,系统良好的扩展性保证了其可随应用而不断更新变化。     

面向无人驾驶的车道级道路电子地图制作

高精度车道级道路电子地图是实现车道级导航与监控的基础地理信息数据和必要条件,未来在无人驾驶汽车方面具有广阔的应用空间。本文通过高精度、高分辨率的道路航空影像,结合具有三维激光扫描和全景数据采集功能的移动测量车采集的相关道路数据,从这些数据中提取满足亚米级导航与监控要求的道路路网数据,包括车道数、车道宽等属性数据等,按照导航电子地图的要求制作高精度的道路电子地图。     

Enabling Spatially Aware Mobile Applications

Recently, increasing numbers of mobile phones are appearing on the market that feature advanced navigation capabilities: embedded GPS receivers for global positioning, integrated digital compasses for detecting the heading of the device, or accelerometer‐based tilt sensors will potentially enable upcoming and future mobile phones to measure their location and orientation in 3D space. In this paper, we present an application framework for building spatially aware mobile applications – applications that visualize, process or exchange geospatial information – on mobile phones equipped with such features. The core component of the framework is a novel, platform‐independent XML data exchange format for the interface between application server and mobile device that describes the geographic vicinity of the user. The format enables a variety of new mobile interaction styles and user interface types – from traditional text‐based local search and information interfaces to innovative real‐time user interfaces like Geo‐Wands and Smart Compasses.     

市级尺度疫情电子地图的设计与制作

针对疫情地图对街道小区层级疫情信息表达的详细程度不足、用户体验感不够友好等问题,提出了市级尺度疫情电子地图的设计和制作方法,主要展现不同疫情阶段地市级、街道小区层级的疫情情况.在设计中重点考虑用户需求的变化及其用图体验,深入研究了市级尺度疫情电子地图的底图设计、表示内容设计和静动态显示设计的方法.并以河南省郑州、信阳、...     

An Automated Method of Scale Selection and Sheet Configuration for Multiple Sheet Census Maps with Insets

In order to create a useful map, the cartographer must select a scale at which the map reader can distinguish features shown on the map and read their labels. However, the choice of scale for a paper map is also constrained by the size of the map sheet and by the cost of working with a large number of sheets. When the feature density pattern allows, space can be conserved by making the map at more than one scale: a small scale suitable for most of the map, while dense features are shown on inset maps at larger scales. Creating inset maps requires the cartographer to make a series of complex, interrelated decisions regarding the most effective overall sheet configuration, which is dependent upon the scale chosen for the main map and how the inset maps are created. The Census Automated Map Production System (CAMPS) applies cartographic logic and density analysis to make these decisions in a fully automated mapping environment.     

Google Maps API技术在移动终端上的GIS应用

综合应用Google Maps API、Android、数据库、服务器技术等集成方法,开发了Android端应用程序,实现了实时数据(包括GPS坐标等数据)的校园GIS的应用。