企业管理创新趋势和质量经营

上个世纪60年代以来，现代质量管理的理论和方法层出不穷，不断创新，如全面质量管理、ISO9000质量管理族标准、供应链管理、6西格玛管理、业务流程再造、精益企业等等。每一种新的理论和方法，都造就了一批成功的企业。总结这些企业成功的经验，我们发现，虽然这些企业采用的理论     

强化质量管理 提高企业信誉

本文以实际案例讲述了企业在强化质量管理、增强顾客满意方面的实施要点，可供类似企业参考。     

突破传统束缚 实现有质量的发展

本文阐述了我国加入WTO以后，随着竞争主体多元化格局的形成，建筑设计企业必须突破传统束缚，走质量发展之路的观点。     

深化全面质量管理 提高勘察设计质量

我院是中国石油天然气总公司直属的甲级设计院和石油系统炼油化工行业指导性设计院及山东省“十佳”设计院。现有职工692人,其中工程技术人员536人,拥有国家级、部级专家8人,部级优秀设计(勘察)师12人.高级工程师97人,一级注册建筑师4人,工程师180人,是一支专业配套、结构合理的勘察设计队伍。1989年通过了中国石油天然气总公司勘察设计单位全面质量管理达标验收。多年来,我院始终把全质管理作为重要任务来抓,坚持以强化质量意识为先导,以方针目标管理为主线,以推进科技进步和提高职工素质为保证,以经济责任制为手段,以提高勘察设计水平为目的,进一步巩固深化了全质管     

质量管理体系标准在测绘企业的应用

随着市场经济的不断推进,企业的质量管理及产品质量越来越受到重视,质量管理体系认证工作方兴未艾,实施《质量管理体系标准》已成为大多企业质量管理工作的核心内容。8项质量管理原则既是《标准》的理论基础,又是企业的领导者进行质量管理的基本准则。掌握八项管理原则并加以科学地运用,是执行质量管理体系标准、进而取得良好管理业绩的关键。     

加强质量管理加强技术装备

本文结合该院情况,介绍了加强质量管理和加强技术装备的作法和经验。     

质量文化建设综述

介绍了质量管理的新发展,论述了质量文化的结构、内涵及其主要作用,树立新的质量管理观念,积极开展质量文化建设,     

把握ISO9001:2000标准要求策划建立自己的质量管理体系

中国船级社质量认证公司2002年10月15日向我院签发了《批准认证注册通知书》,发放了2000版ISO9001标准的质量管理体系认证注册证书。证书的发放表明我院按新版要求策划建立自己的质量管理体系取得了阶段性成果。     

建设质量管理平台 为企业快速发展提供保障

正过去10年间,北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司(以下简称"北京建院或BIAD"),不断探索自身发展途径,调整发展战略,实现了企业的快速发展。在发展过程中,北京建院认识到,只有不断创新质量管理手段,建设适应企业发展的质量管理平台,才能为企业的快速发展提供可靠保障。10年前的战略调整2003年,建筑业进入快速发展期。北京建院作为企业化管理的事业单位,而且是具有龙头地位的传     

地矿部质量贯标试点工作概况及今后质量工作建议

本文就我部质量贯标试点工作概况作一介绍,并提出今后质量工作建议,供参考。 一、我部质量贯标试点工作概况 ISO9000《质量管理与质量保证》系列国家标准,是国际标准化组织于1987年发布的推荐性国际标准。该标准具有较好的指导性和较强的可操作性,适应了当代世界经济贸易发展的需要,目前已成为国际通行的质量管理标准。国家技术监督局和中国质协于1993     

努力推进城乡规划科技进步为城乡规划事业发展做贡献

中国城市规划设计研究院是科技体制改革后建设部唯一的直属科研机构，是全国城市规划研究、设计和信息中心，担负着为国家和建设部城乡规划决策提供技术支撑、为地方城乡规划建设提供咨询服务、促进城乡规划行业技术进步的职责。多年来，我院在不断深化院体制改革、促进院发展的同时，认真     

Possible relation of resistance of rocks to granitization and to their equilibrium and thermodynamic anisotropism

Resistance or susceptibility of different rocks to granitization and ultra metamorphism may be related to the degree of their equilibrium and to their energetic (thermodynamic) anisotropism. All rocks may be divided accordingly into active and passive ones, depending on their behavior in granitizing environments. The active group (sedimentary, elastic, clayey, mixed, noncrystalline effusives) consists of energetically anisotropic ones as well as of rocks that failed to attain their chemical equilibrium by the time of their stabilization. Such rocks are able to release a part of their energy in a certain stage of their granitization. The passive group includes sedimentary rocks (carbonate, ferruginous), fully crystalline magmatic rocks, energetically isotropic homogeneous sandstones, and quartzites). Granitization of such rocks, is, among other things, an endothermal phenomenon. Basic and ultrabasic magmatic rocks are susceptible to granitization, provided they are interbedded with water-bearing sediments (including the passive ones); the resistance of such combinations to granitization is lower than the resistance of their constituents separately. Exothermal phenomena in granitization, such as release of energy from thermodynamically anisotropic bodies or of the accumulated solar energy (by crystalline substance) in reactions involving an uptake of liquid and gaseous phases, insufficient as they may be to assure a continuity of the granitization, may have a decisive effect upon the granitization-resistance of the rocks. — V.P. Sokoloff     

Applications of grain-pivoting and sliding analyses to selective entrapment of gravel and to flow-competence evaluations

Models of sediment threshold by grain pivoting or sliding over underlying particles are examined in order to explore their application to evaluations of selective entrainment of gravel by flowing water. Of special interest is whether such process-based models provide satisfactory evaluations of flow competence and the movement of large clasts by floods. A detailed derivation is undertaken, focusing first on the fluid flow and forces at the particle level. The resulting threshold equation for the particle-level velocity is then modified to yield the mean entrainment stress for the flow as a whole. This approach is appropriate for considerations of selective entrainment of grains of varying sizes within a deposit, the sorting being due to their relative projection distances above the bed and the dependence of their pivoting angles on grain size and shape. The resulting threshold equations contain a number of coefficients (e.g. drag and lift) whose values are poorly known, but can be constrained by requiring agreement with the Shields curve for the threshold of grains in uniform deposits. If pivoting coefficients based on laboratory measurements with tetrahedral arrangements of particles are used in the models, smaller degrees of selective sorting are predicted than found in the field measurements of gravel entrainment. However, if reasonable modifications of those coefficients are made for expected field conditions, then the models yield good agreement with the data. Sliding models, where sorting is due entirely to projection distances of the grains above the bed, yield somewhat poorer agreement with the field data; however, the sliding models may have support from laboratory experiments on gravel entrainment in that the data and theoretical curves have similar concave trends. The existing measurements lack documentation of the mechanisms of grain movement, so it is not possible to conclusively determine the relative importance of grain pivoting versus sliding. In spite of such uncertainties, the results are encouraging and it is concluded that pivoting and sliding models for grain entrainment do have potential for field computations of selective entrainment and flow competence.     

Statistical microanalysis applied to garnet growth zoning and to cordierite fluid content

An analytical study to evaluate quantitatively weak zoning of a garnet from a high-grade kinzigite has been performed with an electron microprobe. The technique consists of the reconstruction of a profile step-by-step by successive analyses performed during relatively long counting times (30 s), along a radial profile of 2,500 μm length. The successive analytical data along this profile are statistically treated by Fisher's test and compared with the χ² values (Pearson's law). These statistical tests were applied to assess microprobe stability and analysis homogeneity, and as a consequence to assure high credibility of the radial variations of the garnet. From core to rim, and for each element, zoning appears as the radial juxtaposition of stationary Poissonian samples. These samples being associated, the garnet appears to be constituted of successive concentric domains with stationary compositions. Different substitutions between Mg, Fe, Mn and Ca are evidenced. Such an analytical approach to chemical zoning can be useful for understanding growth mechanisms, and the possible diffusion reactions with the environment at each growth step. In addition, such a procedure can be used to evaluate accurately the fluid content of cordierite, and to appreciate the nature of the fluids concerned. As an example, the fluid content of a cordierite from a similar high-grade kinzigite has been evaluated.     

Response of Concrete and Masonry Dams to Ground Vibration due to Blasting

The safety and stability of concrete and masonry dams is a great concern when blasting has to be conducted close to these dams in order to construct small hydro-electric projects. There is a danger of ground vibration amplification to those residential-type buildings that are built close to these dams.

Responses of three concrete and masonry dams were measured directly by conducting a number of blasts and by monitoring vibration in the ground as well as on the dams. The amplitudes and frequencies of the motions were analysed and vibration attenuation relations were derived. These relations were used to compare the vibration levels on the dams with those in the ground.

Because of close-in construction blasts that produced high frequency ground vibrations, there was no amplification of the ground vibrations by these dams. The measured amplitudes of ground vibration were comparable to those of the dams.     

试论藏中南低速低阻层与成矿作用

20世纪70年以来，“青藏高原热”的地学研究对地质构造、地球物理和地球化学等方面的资料和数据的了积累，建立了青藏高原大地构造体系和特提斯喜马拉雅的形成演化模式及地壳层圈结构模式；20世纪末至今，喷流型矿床的发现和国土资源大调查项目的全面实施，使得“青藏高原”再次成为新的热点研究区。笔者试图将前人的基础地学研究成果与矿床的最新研究成果融为一体，进一步探讨全国重点成矿片区“一江两河”（雅鲁藏布江，拉萨河，年楚河）成矿带的成矿动力学与矿床时空分布规律。笔者认为，该区地壳深部区域性布的低速低阻层（部分熔融状态的高温热源体）是导致“一江两河”地区不同时代、不同成因类型矿床形成的主导因素之一。