地质样品中超痕量铂族元素的中子活化分析

文章概述了中子活化分析的基本原理和地质样品中超痕量铂族元素的中子活化分析方法。其中除介绍了样品的制备方法、照射和测量条件之外，还对地质样品中铂族元素放射化学分离方法进行了说细的讨论和评述。引用文献２４篇。     

利用ICP-AES快速检测碳酸盐金属元素的方法研究

本实验采用湿法消解碳酸盐岩矿石样品,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),采用内标法和基体匹配法相结合测定了碳酸盐岩标准物质(GBW10035a)中高达54%的氧化钙主量元素含量及其它常微量元素的含量;对实际样品中微量元素进行样品加标回收率实验,对主量和常量元素采用稀释法验证。实验结果表明,样品加标回收率在94%~108%之间,稀释比率在99.4%~100.2%,标准物质测定值与标准值吻合,6次平行样测定的稳定性4%;该方法一次溶样,径向测定主量和常量元素,轴向测定微量元素含量,操作简单,快速,该方法适用于盐湖碳酸盐样品,以及其他含有碳酸盐的各类样品的分析测试。     

1:20万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析方法研究--等离子体质谱为主的配套分析方法

研究了碳酸盐岩中基体元素Ca和Mg对测定痕量元素的影响及消除办法,建立了用等离子体质谱法测定碳酸盐岩石中26个痕量元素的3个分析流程;并采用X射线荧光光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱等方法配套测定了碳酸盐岩石中15种主、次量元素.配套方法的检出限、精密度、准确度均符合1:20万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析技术指标要求.方法经标样及碳酸盐岩石样品分析验证,其结果与不同实验室、不同方法测定结果相符.     

泡塑分离富集-火焰原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的痕量金

火焰原子荧光光谱法(FAFS)测定痕量金的灵敏度好、稳定性高及线性范围广,但在测定时干扰极为严重,如果干扰元素不加以分离或扣除,对0.5ng/g以下金无法进行准确测定。本方法在传统泡塑分离富集金的基础上,研究了FAFS法测定痕量金的最佳条件:在选定仪器条件下,提出了选择低背景值(≤0.25ng/g Au)泡塑分离富集Au,采用3.0g/L硫脲-1%盐酸为解脱液可消除记忆效应,在标准系列中加入5μg/mL的Fe3+溶液扣除铁对测定金的干扰。采用本分析方法对国家标准物质GBW07805、GBW07242、GBW07244a、GBW07245a和GBW07247进行测定,相对误差≤4.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤23.2%;采用FAFS法与ICP-MS法对90个原生晕样品和4个控制样品中痕量金同时进行测定,两组测定结果数统计分析的F检验值为1.23,相关系数为1.01,符合性较好,无显著性差异。本分析方法简便、快速与实用,金检出限为0.08ng/g,线性范围为0.08~500ng/g,可达3个数量级。     

液液萃取电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定碳酸盐岩中的单质硫

建立了碳酸盐岩样品中单质硫的分析方法,此法以正己烷为萃取剂,在180.7 nm和182.0 nm波长下用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定国家标准物质GBW(E)07108和碳酸盐岩样品。正己烷萃取碳酸盐岩中单质硫的回收率在90%～110%之间;每个样品测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5.0%。结果表明,此法满足实验要求,可用于大批量碳酸盐岩样品中单质硫的测定。      

浅谈中子活化分析在地质学研究中的应用

<正>中子活化分析法是一种高灵敏度、非破坏性、多元素分析技,被广泛地应用于地质、工业等领域。随着反应堆工程和中子发生器等技术及同位素中子源的发展,以及高分辨率探测器的出现和计算机的应用,大大提高了中子活化分析的元素鉴别能力和自动化分析水平。目前已成为现代最先进的分析技术之一(李德红和苏桐龄,2005),是分析痕量和超痕量元素的一种极为重要的有效手段。中子活化分析利用核反应进行分析:用一定能量的中子流照射待测样品,使中子与待测的核素发生     

地质样品仪器中子活化试分析

中子活化分析已有四十多年的历史。在地球化学研究工作中,用中子活化分析方法测定个别元素在五十年代就有报道,但是用仪器中子活化分析方法对地球化学样品做多元素分析,是从美国地质调查所的几个标准岩石样品的分析开始的。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

传统的应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的痕量银,一般采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸电热板加热溶样,使用铱、铂为基体改进剂,但存在分析流程繁琐、成本高等缺点。相比于电热板消解法,微波消解技术的高压密闭消解和微波快速加热等特点,具有酸用量少、消解完全、消解过程损失少等优点。本文对传统的微波消解和仪器工作参数进行了改良,确定了最佳测定条件。建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2高压密闭消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系沉积物、土壤、岩石中痕量银的方法。采用65%的HNO_3和H_2O_2微波消解溶样,加入12 g/L硫脲为介质,消除了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.018μg/g,将所建立的分析方法用于沉积物标准物质(GBW07309、GBW07311)、土壤标准物质(GBW07402、GBW07404)和岩石标准物质(GBW07103、GBW07104)验证,结果显示测定值与推荐值吻合,准确度△lg C(GBW)≤±0.024、RE(GBW)≤±5.71%,精密度RSD(GBW)≤5.97%。该分析方法适用于大批化探样品中痕量银的测定。     

1：20万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析方法研究—等离子体质谱为主的配套分析方法

研究了碳酸盐岩中基体元素Ｃａ和Ｍｇ对测定痕量元素的影响及消除办法,建立了用等离子体质谱法测定碳酸盐岩石中２６个痕量元素的３个分析流程;采用用Ｘ射线荧光光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱等方法配套测定了碳酸盐石中１５种主、次量元素。配套方法的检出限、精精密、准确度均符合１：２０万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析指标要求。方法经标样及碳酸盐岩石样品分析验证,共结果不同实验室、不同方法测定结果相符．     

电感耦合等离子体光谱／质谱法测定环境样品中的硼

采用HF-HNO3-H3PO4-HClO4密封溶样处理样品,电感耦合等离子体光谱/质谱法(ICP-AES/MS)测定农作物、膳食和粪便中的硼。所拟定的方法在测硼的同时,还可测定Cr、Cu、Li、V、Co、Zn、Sr、Cd、Ba、K、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn元素,可以为农作物和饮食中痕量元素研究提供参考。ICP-AES测定硼的方法检出限(3σ)为0.0063μg/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=100)为2.10μg/g;ICP-MS测定硼方法检出限(3σ)为0.0228ng/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=1000)为0.092μg/g。方法经植物国家一级标准物质GBW07602～07605验证,测定值与标准值接近,样品10次测定的RSD<10%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861