熊耳山变质核杂岩构造研究及找矿进展

豫西熊耳山区是一个在中新生代伸展构造背景中形成的拆离－变质核杂岩构造。其核部由新太古界太华群变质岩系和燕山斯重熔型花岗岩体组成,盖层主要中由元古界熊耳群火山岩系组成。脱拆离系包括位于伏华群和熊耳群之间的主滑脱拆离带和盖层中一系列次级滑脱断层,区内金银矿化在空间分布上受到变质杂岩构造的控制,成矿时代与变质核杂岩主要形成期一致,成矿过程和扩离断层的发展过程一致,拆离断空矿体系可分为６种基本控构造类型,     

河源断裂带南西段拆离断层的基本特征

经详细的野外地质调查后，确认新塘断裂呈NE方向展布，区域上可与河源，江门断裂相连，为一条具有区域性大型盆岭式拆离断层，具有下拆离盘（变质核杂岩），低角度韧性，脆性滑脱剪切带及上拆离盖层的构造组合特征。在区域上，其控制了一系列大小不等，平行拆离断裂层发育的白垩纪－第三纪断陷盆地，即是一条重要的活动断裂，又是一种重要的控矿构造。     

庐山变质核杂岩基底拆离的变形特征及形成条件

庐山变质核杂岩具有典型的3层结构。拆离带是核部隆升过程中盖层滑脱、剪切变形而形成的,该拆离面是在北东向褶皱基础上叠加杂岩核部隆升作用而形成的波状起伏面。拆离带在核部以西发育倾向西向、南西向、北西向的面理和矿物生长线理,显示向西滑脱形成剪切拉伸变形的特征。拆离带岩石以糜棱岩和构造片岩为主,辅以碎裂岩和构造角砾岩。岩石变形特征表明其既具有韧性变形,也具有脆-韧性变形及脆性变形的特点。核部隆升引起的拆离变形作用,不仅形成了拆离带,还影响了拆离带以上盖层岩石,形成一个由拆离带向上由强变弱的变形域。这种规律性递变现象使庐山变质核杂岩具有垂向变形分层、水平变形分带的特点。拆离带中角闪石-斜长石矿物对计算得出的变质温度为653 ℃～694 ℃,压力为0.56～0.67 GPa。     

庐山变质核杂岩的变质变形及构造意义

庐山出露的变质核杂岩的构造层次具有典型的三层结构,即最上面的未变质沉积盖层、中间韧性流变层、核部的变质基底,其间分别以上剥离断层和拆离断层为分界线。上部沉积盖层以脆性变形为主,中间韧性流变层变形程度不一,但远离拆离带变质变形逐渐减弱,而核部的变质基底以强塑性变形为特征。对变质核杂岩南北两条地质剖面的分析,得到三个构造层次的岩石变质变形及岩性变化特征。区域动力学分析反映变质核杂岩东部原拆离带在五里正断层附近。拆离带中多硅白云母压力计得出的变质压力为0.6~1.1 GPa;锆石U-Pb年龄测试得到变质核杂岩的隆升时代为早白垩世。     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造系统及其对金矿的控制

医巫闾山变质核杂岩形成于白垩纪,属对称型变质核杂岩,中心为晚燕山期的医巫闾山二长花岗岩体,周围是代表地壳深部变形特点的太古宇变质岩组成的变质核。变质核北面和东面以拆离断层与盖层下部中元古界相接触,西面以阜新盆地东南缘边界正断层与白垩纪脆性变形碎屑岩相邻。在横剖面上变质核杂岩构造系统中的组合较齐全,且不同的构造带、构造部位对成矿和控矿作用不同,可分为：（1）产于拆离断层中深层次韧性流变层内的矿床——排山楼金矿;（2）产于拆离断层中浅层次韧性流变层内的矿床——大板金矿;（3）产于盖层下部韧-脆性构造层中的矿床——大樱桃沟金矿;（4）产于盖层上部脆性构造层中的矿床——五家子金矿。显示了变质核杂岩构造系统对该区金矿的控制作用。     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造特征及其对金矿的控制作用

本文将辽西医巫间山变质核杂岩构造要素划发为：①变质核；②拆离断层；③中间过渡层；④伸展／滑脱带；⑤盖层；⑥医巫闾山背形；并阐述了它们的地质特征及其控矿作用，着重指出沿变质核构造层中发育的NNE向韧－脆性剪切带是本区主要的控矿和导矿构造，而NNE向构造中的近EW向次级断裂带则为本区主要的容矿构造。现已探明的金矿体多沿这个方向展布。     

雅拉香波穹隆韧性剪切带变形特征与剪切作用类型研究

雅拉香波变质核杂岩位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带东端，其拆离断层系的糜棱岩带构成了杂岩核部的外缘，带内主要变形岩石类型为石榴石千糜岩、糜棱状片麻岩和糜棱状花岗岩．糜棱状岩石中宏、微观韧性变形组构丰富，暗示区内存在多种显微变形机制：物质扩散迁移、晶内脆性破裂、粒内滑动及粒间滑动等，3种运动学涡度统计和计算结果表明：雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离系的剪切作用类型是以简单剪切作为主的一般剪切；剪切带厚度变化为76％左右，属于减薄型：后期纯剪切应变速率比早期的有所增强，这可能与杂岩体核部岩浆岩后期上侵增强，穹隆进一步抬升和脆性垮塌下滑作用相关．     

冀北地区幔源成矿作用研究

河淮地幔亚热柱的隆升，使岩石圈发生强裂减薄的同时，地幔物质呈蘑菇状向外围造山带之不拆离。当幔源拆离薄层被造山带陡倾韧性剪切带切割造成减压释荷，使韧性软化岩石转变为深熔岩浆上侵。形成沿造山带轴部展布的点状或线状构造岩浆带，表现为以构造岩浆带为核部的隆升构造－幔枝构造。隆升较快的构造我段上覆盖层呈揭顶式大幅度拆离，形成典型折变质核杂岩构造。地幔亚热柱→幔枝构造→变质核杂岩演化过程控制着成矿物质的运移、     

楼子店变质核杂岩韧性变形作用的40Ar/39Ar年代学约束

楼子店变质核杂岩以拆离系中韧性剪切与脆性拆离运动学不一致,有别于北美科迪勒拉变质核杂岩。构造分析表明,核杂岩两侧拆离系中韧性剪切具有统一的上盘向北东的剪切特征。采自核杂岩两侧韧性剪切带中的3个黑云母单矿物^40Ar／^39Ar年龄介于126～128Ma之间,西侧韧性剪切带中1个角闪石单矿物^40Ar／^39Ar年龄为134Ma,4个样品的坪年龄与对应的等时线年龄一致。角闪石和黑云母坪年龄记录的韧性剪切作用的时限为126～134Ma,并且显示出韧性伸展的特点。研究表明楼子店变质核杂岩两侧的韧性剪切带形成时间一致并具有相同的运动学,韧性剪切作用是核杂岩形成演化的一个重要阶段,这为核杂岩形成的韧性伸展阶段的约束提供了年代学证据。     

幔枝构造及其控矿断裂系统

幔枝构造是地幔热柱多级演化的第三级构造单元，是地幔热柱在地壳上的综合表现形式，一般由核部岩浆-变质杂岩、外围盖层拆离滑脱层、上叠断陷火山-沉积盆地等三个单元组成。各单元叉发育独特的断裂构造体系，核部岩浆-变质杂岩中往往发育轴部韧性剪切带、脆性叠加剪切带、岩体侵位构造等；外围拆离层发育主拆离滑脱带、次级拆离滑脱带、反向铲状断裂、横张断裂等；上叠断陷火山-沉积盆地中发育裂陷构造、与次火山机构相关的环状断裂、放射状断裂等。它们不仅是幔枝构造的鉴定标志，也是沿地幔热柱-亚热柱向上迁移的深源成矿气-液体的储集场所，往往成为很好的成矿控矿构造。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861