Spirulina cultivation in China

This paper reviews and discusses the development and many problems ofSpirulina cultivation in China, points out the advantages and disadvantages of open photobioreactor system, and predicts that seawaterSpirulina cultivation will be a new trend to be strengthened and emphasized due to its special physiological characteristics, easier management, lower fertilizer cost, and higher resistance to contaminants and rare pollution of chemicals.

     

Study on the commercial cultivation ofGracila ria in South China

An important raw material for making agar-agar is the seaweedGracilaria, which is distributed worldwide but grows mostly in the natural state in warm tropic and subtropic zones. Some countries have tried in small scale to cultivate the seaweed, but only along the coasts of South China has it been done successfully on a large commercial scale (in pond and raft culture).     

On the relationship between marriage and population migration in China

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辉煌中的忧思--来自中国矿山的调查报告

中国是世界上矿产资源总量丰富、矿种齐全、配套程度较高的少数几个国家之一。丰富的矿产资源保证了中国工业化的进程但是，进入21世纪，中国经济正逢有史以来最好的发展机遇期时，我们又不得不面对一个严酷的事实，那就是随着我国矿业的高速发展，高采掘、强采掘，使许多矿山，或以矿业为支撑的资源型城市面临了资源枯竭的危机．     

论当前我国劳动密集型产业的发展

我国目前正处于工业化中期,发展劳动密集型产业对促进就业、提高劳动者收入、发挥潜在经济增长力、实现社会稳定等方面都具有重要的意义。我国目前发展劳动密集型产业符合比较优势,但比较优势并不等于竞争优势。当前我国劳动密集型产业仍然存在附加值低、劳动生产率低、企业自身竞争力弱、贸易磨擦频发、价格贸易条件恶化等一系列问题,严重影响了我国外贸的可持续发展。通过对上述问题的剖析,阐述了劳动密集型产业与技术进步、资本技术密集型产业以及国际贸易之间的关系,认为应该实现劳动密集型产业的比较优势向竞争优势的转换,并从不同的角度提出了政府、企业为实现这种转变应采取的措施。     

中国新的能源发展战略思考

油气资源是重要的能源矿产和战略性资源,关系国家经济和社会发展,关系国家安全。其供需形势和接替资源的发现与开发利用直接影响着国家经济安全和社会稳定,关系着可持续发展战略目标和全面小康社会目标的实现。党和国家领导人十分关心和重视油气资源的勘查开发工作,曾做过多次批示,并将油气资源与粮食、水资源一同列为影响经济社会可持续发展的三大战略资源。     

试论我国民主党派的参政与监督

我国的民主党派既不同于执政党 ,也不同于反对党 ,它们是接受中国共产党领导、致力于社会主义现代化建设的参政党。所谓参政 ,首先是参加国家政权 ,其次是参与国家大政方和国家领导人人选的协商 ,其三是参与国家事务的管理。民主党派不仅要参政 ,还要对执政的中国共产党进行有效的监督 ,因为执政党 .的状况如何 ,路线、方、政策正确与否 ,直接关系到社会主义事业的兴衰成败。所以 ,作为执政党的中国共产党 ,一定要充分认识并切实发挥各民主党派的监督作用。     

Changes of cellular superficial configuration of symbiotic algae during cultivation from two anemones found in the South China Sea

Symbiotic algae from two anemones, Radianthus macrodactylus and Stichodactyla mertensii, found in the South China Sea, were cultivated in ASP-8A medium in this study. Changes of superficial configuration of symbiotic algae during the cultivation were studied by means of a microscope and a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. A number of small cavities appeared on the surfaces of symbiotic algae after they were cultivated for 10 h. The cavities enlarged and the cell contents were lost with extended cultivation. Our data suggested that the presence of cavities on symbiotic algae surfaces may be one of the main reasons for failure to culture symbiotic algae in an artificial medium.     

Influence of ginseng cultivation under larch plantations on plant diversity and soil properties in Liaoning Province,Northeast China

Currently, transforming the mode of forest management and developing multiple forest management practices are actively encouraged in China. As one forest management type, ginseng cultivation under larch plantations has been developed significantly in the east of Liaoning Province. However, research on the influence of the ecological environment for this mode of production is still deficient. Based on this, our study compares the plant diversity and soil properties in the ginseng cultivation under larch plantations (LG) with larch plantations (LP) and natural secondary forests (SF). First, we randomly selected three plots for each of the three stand types which have similar stand characteristics; then, we carried out a plant diversity survey and soil sampling in each of the nine plots. The results show that no significant difference was found in plant diversity between LG and LP, but the evenness of herbs was significantly lower in LG than LP. No obvious changes in soil physical properties were found in LG, but a significant decrease in most of the soil nutrient content was presented in LG. Furthermore, we found a correlation between plant diversity (H') and soil properties in the three kinds of stand types, especially between herbaceous plant diversity and soil properties. We conclude that ginseng cultivation under larch plantations has no obvious effect on plant diversity, except the herbaceous evenness. Soil fertility can be depleted significantly in LG, but physical structures are not affected. Moreover, maintaining the diversity of herbaceous plants and controlling the density of ginseng cultivation in LG by farmers are important for the ecological environment. Based on this study and its good comprehensive benefits and with the support of policy, we think this forest management type should be promoted moderately in the region.     

ON DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE CITIES IN CHINA

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建立中国水资源信息学学科体系的刍议

20世纪90年代初,欧洲出现新兴边缘学科水资源信息学,在短短10余年时间里得以迅速发展。我国近年来的水利信息化进程明显加快,数字水利、数字流域等发展迅速。目前,正在从传统水利向现代水利过渡,以水利信息化带动水利产业化,成为我国今后水利发展的主要方向。本文在介绍这一新兴学科基础上,建议尽快建立我国自己的水资源信息学学科体系,为水利信息化的不断深入以及可持续发展做好理论准备。     

论中国浪漫主义文学的发展嬗递与古今差异

中国浪漫主义文学的发展源远流长,从楚汉浪漫传统到晚明叛逆洪流,中国古代浪漫主义文学由幼稚走向成熟,也逐渐产生了和现代浪漫思潮相同的精神内涵,这就是强烈的自我意识和反叛意识;20世纪"五四"时期,在新文化运动的背景上发展出全新的、更为自由奔放的、波澜壮阔的现代浪漫主义文学巅峰。由于政治环境、文化氛围、文学传统等多种因素的影响,中国古代浪漫主义文学在广度、深度等方面都与现代浪漫主义文学存在明显差异。     

Isolation and cultivation of the vegetative cells ofPorphyra haitanensis

This research deals mainly with the use of the vegetative cells of a marine red algaPorphyra haitanensis (laver) as seeds and their culture into young thalli for further cultivation in the sea. The experimental process was as follows. Enzymatically isolated vegetative cells were attached to rope substrates and cultured in the laboratory for a month until they became about 0.2–0.5 cm long sporelings and were then attached (7–15 sporelings per cm of rope) to nets for removal to the open sea for cultivation. A month after culturing, the thalli reached a maximum length of 50 cm (average of 20–30 cm). The thalli grew faster as the water temperature dropped from 21°C to 17°C. It was proved that the vegetative cells isolated from a small thallus about 5 cm long could grow up into normal thalli after being kept frozen for a year. The results of this study show that vegetative cells can be used as new seeds to simplify the production of laver sporelings. This technique is a significant advance in the field ofPorphyra culture.     

论中印两国间的服务贸易合作

分析了对中印两国间的服务贸易往来现状,阐述了中印两国服务贸易合作的有利因素和不利因素,并对两国服务贸易发展与合作提出了相应的政策建议。     

ON THE ORIGIN AGE OF THE SOUTHWEST BASIN IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)islocatalinthejunCti0noftheEurasian,PacificandIndodeustralianPlates,andisoneofthebiggestrnarginalseasinthewesternPadfic~n.Uyeda(l977)regardedtheSCS'soriginasoneofthebasicprobboincompletelyre-solvedbytheTheoryofPlateTeCtoniesrv).Heaskedfl.Whydoesanarcriseup(theoriginofarcmountains)?2.Whyisthestressinthebackurcbasinregionextensional(theoriginofbackurcbasin)?3.Whyisthernantleintheinnerurcbelthot(theoriginofvohanismandhighgcothermalflow)?Therewermanyviewnointsontheori…     

On the origin of rice agriculture in southern China and its propagation in East Asia

Based on the archaeological rice cultivation with the¹⁴C dating of about 4000–5000 a B.P. the author holds that the plain at the lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River is one origin of rice cultivation in Asia and the other is Allahabad of India. The propagation of ancient rice cultivation in China can be divided into three stages, namely 4000–3000, 2635–2420 and about 1000 a B.P. It is inferred that there were two ways for propagating rice cultivation from China to Japan. One was from lower reaches of Changjiang River to Kyushu by sea way and the other was from Shandong Peninsula to southern Korea and then to Kyushu. The age of propagating rice cultivation into Vietnam from South China is about 1000 a B.P. Being influenced by climatic changes since about 5000 a B.P. the propagation of rice cultivation was stagnated for two times at least, for example, the three warm climatic stages and the two cold stages were quite in correspondence with the propagation and stagnation stages of rice cultivation, respectively, in China. During the ancient times the development of paddy rice was directive related to the fluctuation of sea level which is in keeping with the climatic changes.     

ON PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFINITIES OF THE FOREST FLORAS BETWEEN EAST CHINA AND JAPAN

EastChinaisoneoftherichestregionsinplantlifeinEastAsiaanditsfloraisthemainpartofSino-Japanesefloristicregion,whichhasattractedtheattentionofmanybotanistsbothathomeandabroad,suchasHuXiansu(1936),LiHuilin(1950,1953),StewardA.N.(1958),WangJingkiang(1988),WangWencai(1992),Wusugong(1987),WuZhengyi(1979)andXieGuowen(1991a,1993),etal.AnumberofpapersdealingwithEastAsian-EasternNorthAmericanphytogeographicalrelationshipshavebeenpublished(Bouffordf1983).However,thefloristicrelationsbetweenEas…     

我国土地利用规划信息系统现状、问题与解决途径探讨

随着计算机技术和信息技术的快速发展,我国土地利用规划信息系统软件和数据库系统软件的应用和开发水平不断提高,但在系统功能、数据组织、数据管理、系统扩展性方面存在一些问题,尤其是系统中缺乏决策支持功能,严重制约了系统的广泛应用.为此,本文提出地理信息系统和决策支持系统集成的土地利用规划空间决策支持系统,并对系统的总体架构、开发方式和功能进行了探讨.     

On the initiation,movement and deposition of a large landslide in Maoxian County,China

At 5 am 24 th June 2017, a catastrophic landslide hit Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The slide mass rushed down from an altitude of 3400 m and traveled 2700 m in a high velocity. The 13 million m~3 deposition buried the whole village and caused about 100 deaths. The source area of the landslide is located in a high steep slope, average slope angle is 40o and maximal angle is 65o. The strata are interbedded Triassic Zagunao Formation metamorphic sandstone and slate with the dip slope angle of 45°. Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing image, UAV image, DEM data, and field investigation, failure mechanism, travel features, and deposit characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that this landslide was influenced by Songpinggou Fault zone. According to the topography before the failure, the landslide is located in the back scarp of an antecedent landslide induced by Diexi Earthquake in 1933. The bedding slope provided potential rupture surface. Historical seismic activities and long-term gravitational deformation caused rock mass accumulated damages. Weathering and precipitation weakened the rock mass and finally induced shearing and tension failure. A huge block detached from the top rock slope, pushed the past landslide deposits in the middle part, rushed out of the slope bottom in a high velocity and buried the Xinmo Village. The rapid movement entrained and brought the soil into the Songping Gully which recoiled with and bounced back from the opposite mountain.     

On the deep sea demersal fish communities of the East China Sea

Cluster analysis of data on the species similarity index offish samples taken at various sampling stations of different depths by the R /V " Dongfang " of the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, during the deep sea demersal fish resources survey in May - November, 1981, showed deep sea demersal fish fauna of the western part of the East China Sea can be grouped into the following communities :1)The outer continental shelf community ,2)The continental slope community, and3)The western Okinawa Trough community .The authors found that not only the species diversity index, but also the species similarity index are important criteria to reflect the structure of biotic community.