环境因子对L型、S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响

在实验室条件下，通过种群累积培养的方法，研究了不同盐度和小球藻(Chorella vulgaris)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)等不同饵料微藻对L型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Plicatilis tipicus)和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Plicatilis rotundiformis)生长的影响，探讨这两种轮虫在生态条件上的差异。结果表明：L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫对盐度的适应有显著的差异，生长的最适盐度分别为15和20，大水体培养时，其适宜生长的盐度范围分别是15～20和10～30。饵料微藻对L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响一致。小球藻培养效果在4种饵料微藻中最好，其生长率明显高于微绿球藻和亚心形扁藻，波吉卵囊藻培养效果较差。     

环境因子对L型、S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响

在实验室条件下,通过种群累积培养的方法,研究了不同盐度和小球藻(Chorellavulgaris)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)、微绿球藻(Nannochlorisoculata)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)等不同饵料微藻对L型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilistipicus)和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilisrotundiformis)生长的影响,探讨这两种轮虫在生态条件上的差异。结果表明:L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫对盐度的适应有显著的差异,生长的最适盐度分别为15和20,大水体培养时,其适宜生长的盐度范围分别是15~20和10 ~30。饵料微藻对L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响一致。小球藻培养效果在4种饵料微藻中最好,其生长率明显高于微绿球藻和亚心形扁藻,波吉卵囊藻培养效果较差。     

用黄药萃取分离后原子吸收光谱法测定矿石、土壤和有关物料中的钴、镍、铅、铋和铟

介绍一种测定矿石、土壤和有关物料中≥０．５μｇ／ｇ钻、镍和铅及≥３μｇ／ｇ铋和铟的方法。把样品分解并将其盐溶于稀盐醚－酒石酸溶液后，用抗坏血醚还原铁（Ⅲ），使产生的铁（Ⅱ）与氟化铵络合。在ＰＨ值２．００±０．０５下，用３倍的氯仿萃取其黄药络合物，使钴、镍、铅、铋和铟连续与铁、铝、锌和其它基体元素分离。用蒸发法除去氯仿并用硝酸和高氯醚破坏黄药后，把溶液蒸发至于，最后用乙炔焰原子吸收光诸法在含１００μｇ／ｍｌ钾的２０％Ｖ／Ｖ盐酸介质中测定各元素。在分解步骤时，用溴化物挥发法避免砷和锑共萃取。少量共萃取的相、铁和铜不会干扰。     

4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)的急性毒性影响，实验结果表明，Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 、Pb^2 对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50分别为83．18μg/L、4．27mg／L、7．60mg／L、23．44mg／L，将4种离子按照质量比120：20：6：1的比例配成混合金属溶液，其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50为0．42mg／L。     

化学发光测定痕量钒的研究及其应用

本文研究了鲁米诺－高碘酸钾－钒体系产生化学发光反应，建立了测定痕量钒新的化学发光法。在ＥＤＴＡ为活化剂存在下，方法的检出限为３×１９（－９）ｇ／ｍｌ，工作曲线响应浓度范围为１×１０（－８）～１×１０（－６）ｇ／ｍｌ，测定５×１０（－７）ｇ／ｍｌ钒的相对标准偏差为２．５％～３．０％之间。该法有很好的选择性，用于测定岩矿等物料中痕量钒可获得满意结果。     

地质样品中微量镁的树脂相分光光度法测定研究

本文报道了树脂相分光光度法测定地质样品中微量镁的研究。结果表明，利用国产７３２＃阳离子交换树脂作为载体，在碱性介质中，镁离子能够与镁试剂Ⅱ形成稳定的兰色配合物，使树脂载体里兰色，配合物的最大吸收波长为６５０ｎｍ，方法集分离、富集和测定于一体，其摩尔消光系数ε＝１．１２×１０５，ＲＳＤ＝５．３％，镁含量在０～３４μｇ／２５０ｍｌ范围内与吸收值Ａ成良好的线性关系，方法已应用于地质样品中微量镁的测定，取得满意的结果。     

青鳞鱼HAP的试制

应用正交试验优选枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶对青鳞鱼蛋白质的水解条件。结果表明：（１）枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶的最适条件为ｐＨ７．０、温度５０℃、时间３ｈ、酶浓度１０，０００μ／１００ｍｌ；（２）胃蛋白酶的最适条件为ｐＨ３．５、时间２．０ｈ、温度４０℃、酶浓度３００μ／１００ｍｌ；（３）以去内脏青鳞鱼为原料进行双酶水解，蛋白质水解度可达８３．８％。水解液经脱臭浓缩可制得ａ──氨基氮≥１．５ｇ／１００Ｉｎｌ的ＨＡＰ。它可作为海鲜食品的添加剂，也可制作海鲜汤料或作为膨化食品的辅料。     

江汉平原第四系沉积物中砷的垂向分布规律及其对地下水中砷浓度的影响

含水层沉积物是江汉平原地下水中砷的主要来源,沉积物地球化学特征对地下水的水化学具有重要控制作用。为查明江汉平原第四系沉积物中砷的垂向分布及赋存环境,在典型高砷地下水分布区内选取２个深钻（ＪＨ００２孔及 ＹＬＷ０１孔,深度分别为２３０ｍ 和２０１ｍ）采集沉积物样品进行了地球化学分析。结果表明全新统和上更新统含水层沉积物以黏土、粉土、淤泥质黏土、粉砂、细砂为主,指示着弱水动力的沉积环境;２个钻孔沉积物地球化学特征相似,ｗ（Ａｓ）＝２．０～２２．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ（平均９．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,ｗ（Ｆｅ）＝１１．８～５５．０ｍｇ／ｇ（平均３７．８ｍｇ／ｇ）,ｗ（Ｓ）＝０．１～２．１ｍｇ／ｇ（平均０．４ｍｇ／ｇ）。中、下更新统沉积物岩相变化较大,以砂和砾石居多,局部含有黏土夹层,指示着沉积时较强的水动力沉积环境;其中ＪＨ００２孔沉积物 ｗ（Ａｓ）＝２．７～１６０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ（平 均４０．９ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,ｗ（Ｆｅ）＝２０．１～１７９．５ｍｇ／ｇ（平均５０．５ｍｇ／ｇ）,ｗ（Ｓ）＝０．１～１７．７ｍｇ／ｇ（平均４．９ｍｇ／ｇ）;ＹＬＷ０１孔沉积物砷、铁、硫质量分数均低于ＪＨ００２孔,ｗ（Ａｓ）＝５．２～５６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ（平 均１６．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,ｗ（Ｆｅ）＝１０．９～１１７．５ｍｇ／ｇ（平 均３６．４ｍｇ／ｇ）,ｗ（Ｓ）＝０．３～７．８ｍｇ／ｇ（平均１．８ｍｇ／ｇ）。ＹＬＷ０１孔中、下更新统沉积物颗粒较ＪＨ００２孔更细,所处的水动力条件更弱,砷、铁、硫质量分数均低于ＪＨ００２孔,说明沉积历史环境影响着砷、铁、硫等元素的分布。沉积物地球化学数据聚类分析结果表明全新统和上更新统砷与铁具有显著的相关性,而中、下更新统沉积物砷与硫化物矿物紧密相关。结合不同深度含水层水化学特征差异指示上更新统含水层中含砷铁氧化物的还原性溶解导致浅层地下水中砷的富集,富硫的中、下更新统深层含水层中强还原环境下砷受到硫化物矿物的固定作用难以释放进入地下水中。      

褶皱臂尾轮虫在斑节对虾育苗中的应用

我们于 1 998年和 1 999年连续用轮虫代替部分配合饲料进行斑节对虾育苗 ,均取得很好的效果 ,现将我们其中一批育苗的做法、结果及体会报告如下 :1　材料和方法1 .1　育苗时间和地点于 1 999年 2月 2 3日至 4月 1 6日 ,在湛江市南三镇地聚中村虾苗场进行。1 .2　生产用幼体取自从新加坡进口的斑节对虾亲虾经培育产卵孵化所得。1 .3　生产用轮虫褶皱臂尾轮虫。1 .4　生产用水取自然海水 ,不经药物处理 ,经沙滤后使用。海水相对密度 1 .0 1 9～ 1 .0 2 0 ,p H值 8.2。1 .5　生产条件用于轮虫育苗的对虾育苗池 1 2个、每个 40 m3,共 480 m3水…     

铌（Ⅴ）的极谱催化波研究及其应用

在ＨＮＯ＿３·ＥＤＴＡ─ＦｅｚＯ＿３·Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４介质中，铌（Ⅴ）─氟化铵─酒石酸─偶氮胂（Ⅲ）体系形成灵敏的导数极谱催化波，峰电位在─０．８６Ｖ（ＶＳ·ＳＣＥ），Ｎｂ＿２Ｏ＿５量在０─２．５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内与峰电位成线性关系，拟定了一个不经分离，适用于硅酸盐，碳酸盐及化探样品中微量铌的测定方法。     

维生素E醋酸酯对鱼油脂肪酸含量变化的影响

新鲜鱼油中添加05、0、2505、00 mg/kg 4种不同浓度的维生素E醋酸酯,在实验的第6、14、28、36和68天测定鱼油中的脂肪酸含量。结果表明:在500 mg/kg添加量内,维生素E醋酸酯对鱼油中脂肪酸含量没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。在实验期间,EPA(C20:5)、DHA(C22:6)、亚油酸(C18:2)含量明显下降,ARA(C20:4)、亚麻酸(C18:3)先升后降,棕榈酸(C16:1)逐步上升;C14含量逐渐增加,C17则先降后升,C16和C18在实验后期有较大提高。维生素E醋酸酯对鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸效用系数大小依次为:ARA>EPA>DHA>C18:3>0>C16:1>C18:2>C18:1,对ARA抗氧化效用最大,效用系数达到10.193%,C20:5为0.490%,C22:6为0.364%;维生素E醋酸酯对饱和脂肪酸效用系数大小依次为:C14>C17>0>C18>C16。     

资江河口区农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源分析

资江是洞庭湖的第二大支流，其中上游锑(Sb)矿采矿冶炼工业发达，给资江下游及洞庭湖区带来了严重的重金属污染风险。以资江河口区为研究区，采集了132个农田土壤样品及7个资江水样，综合采用多种污染评价方法、空间分析、多元统计分析方法对研究区重金属进行了污染评价及来源分析。结果表明，研究区农田土壤重金属平均质量分数表现为Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>As>Sb>Cd，旱田土壤重金属平均质量分数除Pb外均高于水田。Sb、As、Cd为主要污染元素，Sb达到了中等污染和中等生态风险的程度，总体处于轻微-中等生态风险程度。资江水体Sb质量浓度较高，平均为10.51 μg/L。Sb主要来源于中上游的锑矿工业，受高锑质量浓度地表水灌溉、垃圾填埋场以及燃煤等人为活动的控制；Cd主要来源于农药化肥、生活垃圾和城镇废水等人为活动；Cr主要来源于成土母质，而Cu、Zn、As、Ni、Pb受成土母质和人为活动的双重控制。      

3，5-二溴水杨醛缩甘氨酸的合成及荧光法测定粮食中微量锌

合成了新型席夫碱试剂3，5-二溴水杨醛缩甘氨酸（DBSAGLY），建立该试剂荧光度法测定微量Zn（Ⅱ）的新体系，在pH＝7.0～8.0时Zn(Ⅱ)与DBSAGLY形成1∶1的络合物，络合物最大激发和发射波长分别为λ     

传统“珍珠水解液”的工艺改进研究

用双酶法改进传统的“珍珠水解液”的生产工艺,以珍珠层粉脱钙后所得的壳角蛋白、及经脱腥后的珠母贝全脏器为原料,经打浆、双酶水鲜、过滤、脱色、灌封、杀菌后,得水解液制品。经氨基酸分析仪测定,水解液中游离氨基酸总量≥２,５００ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ;其中必需氨基酸含量≥９００ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ;牛磺酸含量≥２３０ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ。     

Inhibition of experimental autoimmune orchitis by fossil diatoms

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) induced in Swiss mice could be reduced by means of the utilization of micronized frustules of fossil diatoms (DS) containing 54% of SiO₂. Experimental mice were sensitized with testicular Antigen (Ag) in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) inoculated twice, on day 0 and day 21. 100 μg of DS suspension was inoculated into sensitized mice 10 times, once every 4 days, subcutaneously, starting on day 7 after the first Ag inoculation. Mice receiving the DS treatment showed a diminution of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction, lower antibody titer and decreased incidence of testicular injury as well as reduced grade and extension of the lesions. Possible explanation of these results would suggest alteration of monocyte and/or macrophage normal behaviour as well as alteration of antibody synthesis by different mechanisms.     

ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC INPUT OF MERCURY TO SOUTH LAKE AND JINGYUE POOL

Taking South Lake and Jingyue Pool in Changchun as examples,we determined particulate Hg in ambient air and Hg concentration in precipitation.Results indicated that particulate Hg in air and Hg concentration in precipita-tion in both sites in nonheating period were lower than that in heating period,which is influenced by coal combustion.The annual particulate Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake)and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool).The high-er particulate Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake) and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool).The high-er particulate Hg concentration in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in South Lake than that of Jingyue Pool indicat-ed that mercury deposition was influenced by anthropogenic sources(especially from coas combustion).Hg concentration in precipitation is related with particulate Hg in the atmosphere.Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by using dry deposi-tion model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere,they were estimated by using dry deposi-tion model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere,they were 35.5μg/(m^2.a) for South lake and 15.3μg/(m^2.a)for Jingyue Pool.Combined with precipitation amount,wet deposition fluxes were estimated in these two sites,152.2μg(m^2.a)for South Lake and 61.2μg/(m^2.a)for Jingyue Pool.Atmospheric Hg deposition fluxes were 160.2g/a for South Lake and 328.62g/a for Jingyue Pool.e     

VARIATIONS OF THE SUSPENDED MATTER AND THE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN THE ENTRY OF THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE

The effects of using different types of glass fiber filters (GF/F, GF/C) and of sample treatments evaluated. Studies on the variation of suspended matter (SM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) showed that: 1) the transversal and day to night variations are important and must be taken into account in order to get a corrcet river flux; 2) no regular seasonal variations of SM and POC observed, as they are controlled essentially by the climatological, hydrologic, physiochernical, biological, and geological conditions of the drainage area.     

池养条件下军曹鱼早期发育阶段的生长和摄食

研究了军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)早期阶段的生长和摄食特性。结果表明:1~29日龄间,全长与日龄之间呈指数函数相关:y=3.6922e0.0995x(R=0.9913);体重与日龄间呈指数函数相关:y=0.0002e0.276x(R=0.9830);体重与全长之间为幂函数相关:y=5×10-6x2.786(R=0.9957);口径与日龄的关系为直线函数关系:y=0.1034x-0.0044(R=0.9939)。鱼苗早期阶段的生长速度存在显著性差异。军曹鱼早期鱼苗在3~6日龄时主要摄食原生动物、单轮幼虫和轮虫;7~12日龄时主要摄食桡足类无节幼体;13日龄以后主要摄食桡足类成体。仔、稚鱼阶段,军曹鱼的摄食活动呈现明显的昼夜节律,其饱满度指数均在12时前后出现最高峰,日摄食率分别为57.36%和14.78%。     

Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC50 at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P.donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae.