裂缝性低渗透油藏流-固耦合数值模拟

根据低渗裂缝性砂岩油藏的储层特征,建立适合裂缝性砂岩油藏渗流的等效连续介质模型;通过实验得出有效压力改变对储层孔隙度、渗透率影响的规律;考虑低渗透油藏渗流时启动压力梯度和低渗储层的流-固耦合特性,将渗流力学与弹塑性力学相结合,建立起适合低渗透油藏的流-固耦合渗流数学模型,并给出其数值解.在黑油模型和弹塑性有限元程序的基础上,编制了计算低渗透油藏流-固耦合渗流的计算软件.通过数值模拟和不考虑流-固耦合时的计算结果相比,可以看出低渗油藏中流-固耦合效应十分明显.     

土壤中可挥发污染物抽气清除法的数值模拟

抽气清除法(SVE)是最常用的清除土壤非饱和区中可挥发污染物的方法之一。介绍和分析了该法的基本原理和工艺过程,建立了描述该法中气体渗流场、污染物相间交换以及污染物随气流场运移3个主要过程的物理模型。分别采用Galerkin法和Laplace变换Galerkin法推导了模拟气体渗流场和污染物随气流运移过程的有限元数值模型,编制了三维有限元程序,给出了1个典型的三维计算实例。     

基于自适应松弛Picard法的高效非饱和渗流有限元分析

有效地模拟非饱和渗流过程对土质边坡稳定性分析、土石坝渗流、污染物迁移等众多领域有着重要的意义。描述非饱和渗流的Richards方程是具有强烈非线性的偏微分方程,通常需要采用有限元等数值方法并结合有效的迭代方法进行求解。Picard迭代法是实用的非线性计算方法,在非饱和渗流领域应用广泛,但经常会出现收敛震荡、速度缓慢和精度降低的问题。为提高计算性能,结合有限元法提出了一种高效的自适应松弛Picard法。通过模拟一维和二维渗流算例,并与传统方法的结果进行对比,对算法和程序的准确性、高效性和鲁棒性进行了验证。测试结果表明,该方法可以在保证计算精度的同时有效地减少数值震荡,提高收敛速度。研究成果对非饱和渗流有限元程序的开发和应用有一定的参考价值。     

油气运移计算机动态模拟方法研究及其应用

文章论述如何基于合理的机制概念建立一个描述油气二次运移和聚集的数值模拟系统。考虑多方面的控制因素，根据多相流体渗流力学理论，结合盆地演化过程，建立并求解油水二相数值模型，获得油气运移聚集史的定量模拟结果，最后给出一个应用于海拉尔盆地的实例。     

面向对象方法在Biot固结有限元程序中的应用

面向对象程序设计方法应用于有限元程序编制带来了相当大的优越性。但迄今为止，这种方法在岩土工程中的应用实例很少。至于用面向对象方法进行土力学中常见的Biot固结有限元分析软件的开发，尚未见报道。现将面向对象有限元方法引入Biot固结有限元程序编制中，用C＋＋语言编制中一个Biot固结有限元程序实例。和结构化程序设计方法相比较，采用面向对象方法进行Biot固结有限元程序的编制，使程序的可维护性、可再生性、可扩充性和程序开发的效率都得到了很大的提高。指出将面向对象程序设计方法引入了Biot固结有限元程序的编制等岩土工程的数值计算领域，是今后的发展方向。     

面向对象有限元方法在岩土工程中的应用

介绍了面向对象的程序设计方法和它与有限元程序相结合的原理和优点,提出了这种方法在岩土工程中的应用实例,并设计了基于Windows 95/98平台的有限无软件。利用面向对象的方法来研究有限元,是对有限元方法新的有益尝试。     

降雨条件下岩土饱和-非饱和渗流分析

基于Buckley-Leverett两相渗流方程,提出了新的岩土饱和-非饱和渗流数学模型,利用有限差分方法给出了隐式压力显示饱和度数值求解方法,编制了饱和-非饱和渗流计算程序.结合工程实例,模拟了降雨入渗条件下边坡岩体渗流场孔隙压力变化和含水饱和度变化,模拟结果验证了所提出的模型对饱和-非饱和渗流的有效性.     

地下工程渗流场有限元模拟研究

在水电、石油、交通等部门的地下工程中,经常会遇到地下水的渗流问题,如果处理不当,可能诱发应力恶化而影响结构稳定。本文以非饱和介质的渗流模型为基础,实现了地下洞室开挖过程中的非稳定渗流场解析。
按分期施工方案,在保持渗流场变化连续性的前提下,对各施工阶段进行了准稳定渗流分析,并在此基础上建立了地下工程非稳定渗流数值模型。其中,对于洞室系统,基于水量平衡原理,采用了子结构模型;对于防渗帷幕,采用了隔水层模型;对于排水井列,采用了杆单元模型。
根据上述模型,采用有限差分法作为数值模拟方法,编写了地下工程非稳定渗流场分析的有限元程序,实现了复杂渗流区域的渗流场的动态模拟。工程实例计算分析表明,用该模型计算的结果是合理的。      

面向对象有限元程序设计及其VC++与Matlab混合编程实现

应用面向对象方法来研究有限元,是对有限元新方法的有益尝试和创新性发展。通过对比面向过程和面向对象的程序设计方法,讨论了面向对象方法与有限元程序设计相结合的优点,并简要回顾了国内外面向对象的程序设计方法的研究进展。应用面向对象的程序分析方法,建立了三维脆塑性有限元分析类库。采用VC 和Matlab混合编程的手段,设计了基于Windows98/2000/NT操作平台的面向对象的三维脆塑性有限元分析软件,成功地分析了国内某大型水电站地下硐室群围岩稳定性,验证了该面向对象有限元分析程序的有效性和实用性。     

非均匀煤岩渗流-应力弹塑性耦合数学模型及数值模拟

利用Weibull分布模拟煤岩弹性模量和强度的非均匀性,结合煤岩弹塑性变形理论和瓦斯渗流理论,建立了非均匀煤岩渗流-应力弹塑性耦合数学模型,给出了该数学模型的有限元离散方程,开发了相应的数值计算程序Coupling Analysis。利用建立的模型模拟了辽宁某瓦斯抽放试井瓦斯抽放过程,结果表明,在瓦斯抽放过程中,有效应力变化诱发煤岩局部进入塑性状态,塑性区透气系数增加了约4.9倍,而弹性受压区的透气系数最大减小至22 %,计算实例的瓦斯压、煤岩有效应力和煤岩变形都呈现非对称性,但服从理论规律,表明采用Weibull分布能很好地模拟煤岩力学参数的非均匀性。     

地下洞室岩体力学参数反演软件系统开发与应用

岩体力学参数对地下洞室的施工和设计是极其重要的,通过位移反分析确定岩体参数的应用研究很多。为了提高参数反演的效率,采用均匀设计理论设计不同的反演参数组合,用有限元计算组建的样本集训练神经网络,根据洞室开挖过程中实测位移反演地下洞室岩体力学参数。基于面向对象、自适应、可视化三大关键技术,开发了地下洞室岩体力学参数反演有限元软件系统BAFES。该软件可实现地下洞室力学参数反演分析、开挖预报过程的可视化,将地下洞室岩体力学参数反演模式由“数据－有限元分析－数据”转变为“图形－有限元分析－图形”,结合现场监控技术和工程稳定分析,能及时地指导工程设计和施工。以某水电站地下厂房洞室群岩体力学参数反演为例,说明了该软件的实用性。     

A locally conservative finite element framework for the simulation of coupled flow and reservoir geomechanics

In this paper, we present a computational framework for the simulation of coupled flow and reservoir geomechanics. The physical model is restricted to Biot’s theory of single-phase flow and linear poroelasticity, but is sufficiently general to be extended to multiphase flow problems and inelastic behavior. The distinctive technical aspects of our approach are: (1) the space discretization of the equations. The unknown variables are the pressure, the fluid velocity, and the rock displacements. We recognize that these variables are of very different nature, and need to be discretized differently. We propose a mixed finite element space discretization, which is stable, convergent, locally mass conservative, and employs a single computational grid. To ensure stability and robustness, we perform an implicit time integration of the fluid flow equations. (2) The strategies for the solution of the coupled system. We compare different solution strategies, including the fully coupled approach, the usual (conditionally stable) iteratively coupled approach, and a less common unconditionally stable sequential scheme. We show that the latter scheme corresponds to a modified block Jacobi method, which also enjoys improved convergence properties. This computational model has been implemented in an object-oriented reservoir simulator, whose modular design allows for further extensions and enhancements. We show several representative numerical simulations that illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

面向对象的土石坝参数随机反演程序设计

采用面向对象的软件PowerBuilder作为开发平台 ,运用动态链接库的原理 ,建立了一套面向对象的反演分析法 ,定义了对象类之间的关系 ,确立了有限元的消息流 ,使程序的界面更加友好 ,程序操作更为直观。并针对岩土工程反分析中使用的传统贝叶斯法中存在的缺陷 ,提出了扩展贝叶斯法 ,从概率论和数理统计的原理出发 ,建立了基于决策信息论中AIC准则和最大熵准则的岩土工程随机反演的准则函数。所建立的计算模型和分析方法 ,通过了数值算例的验证 ,从而也表明本文提出的模型和分析方法基础可靠、仿真性强 ,具有广阔的应用前景     

Coupled finite‐element simulation of injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir

This paper presents a finite‐element (FE) model for simulating injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir. In injection well testing, the bottom‐hole pressure (BHP) is monitored during the injection and shut‐in period. The flow characteristics of a reservoir can be determined from transient BHP data using conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis. However, conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis does not consider geomechanics coupling effects. This simplified assumption has limitations when applied to unconsolidated (uncemented) oil sands reservoirs because oil sands deform and dilate subjected to pressure variation. In addition, hydraulic fracturing may occur in unconsolidated oil sands when high water injection rate is used. This research is motivated in numerical modeling of injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir considering the geomechanics coupling effects including hydraulic fracturing. To simulate the strong anisotropy in mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of unconsolidated oil sands induced by fluid injection in injection well testing, a nonlinear stress‐dependent poro‐elasto‐plastic constitutive model together with a strain‐induced anisotropic permeability model are formulated and implemented into a 3D FE simulator. The 3D FE model is used to history match the BHP response measured from an injection well in an oil sands reservoir. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Object-oriented modeling for three-dimensional multi-block systems

This paper presents an object-oriented computer model for three-dimensional multi-block systems based on the object-oriented programming (OOP) technique. The intricate structures of rock systems are deciphered by implementing an object-oriented analysis (OOA), and a universal class library is developed using an object-oriented design (OOD). The geometries of a multi-block system are created by cutting a computational domain into element-blocks and then combining the element-blocks into complex-blocks (convex or concave). The established multi-block system model would be available for various discontinuum-based methods. A computer program, BLKLAB, is developed based on the proposed method, and a case study is performed on a large-scale, underground, water-tight oil depot.     

Time-domain dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction including the reservoir bottom absorption

In this paper, time-domain dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction is presented by coupling the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) in the infinite reservoir and foundation domain and the finite element method in the finite dam domain. An efficient coupling procedure is formulated by using the sub-structuring method. The effects of the reservoir bottom absorption are included in the formulations. Sharan's boundary condition for the far-end of the infinite fluid domain is implemented. To verify the proposed scheme, numerical examples are carried out by comparing with the available exact solutions and finite–finite element coupling results for the dam–reservoir interaction. A complete dam–reservoir–foundation interaction is also studied by including the bottom absorption effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态预测油藏有效应力的三维弹塑性有限元模型

本文根据油藏应力与渗流相互作用的耦合机理,建立了一个用于油藏有效应力动态预测的三维弹塑性模型。该模型强调了油藏在注采交变载荷作用下应力与渗流的力学耦合效应,以及油藏岩石弹塑性变形的力学特性,并采用弹塑性增量有限元法求解,最后给出了算例.      

FV-MHMM method for reservoir modeling

The present paper proposes a new family of multiscale finite volume methods. These methods usually deal with a dual mesh resolution, where the pressure field is solved on a coarse mesh, while the saturation fields, which may have discontinuities, are solved on a finer reservoir grid, on which petrophysical heterogeneities are defined. Unfortunately, the efficiency of dual mesh methods is strongly related to the definition of up-gridding and down-gridding steps, allowing defining accurately pressure and saturation fields on both fine and coarse meshes and the ability of the approach to be parallelized. In the new dual mesh formulation we developed, the pressure is solved on a coarse grid using a new hybrid formulation of the parabolic problem. This type of multiscale method for pressure equation called multiscale hybrid-mixed method (MHMM) has been recently proposed for finite elements and mixed-finite element approach (Harder et al. 2013). We extend here the MH-mixed method to a finite volume discretization, in order to deal with large multiphase reservoir models. The pressure solution is obtained by solving a hybrid form of the pressure problem on the coarse mesh, for which unknowns are fluxes defined on the coarse mesh faces. Basis flux functions are defined through the resolution of a local finite volume problem, which accounts for local heterogeneity, whereas pressure continuity between cells is weakly imposed through flux basis functions, regarded as Lagrange multipliers. Such an approach is conservative both on the coarse and local scales and can be easily parallelized, which is an advantage compared to other existing finite volume multiscale approaches. It has also a high flexibility to refine the coarse discretization just by refinement of the lagrange multiplier space defined on the coarse faces without changing nor the coarse nor the fine meshes. This refinement can also be done adaptively w.r.t. a posteriori error estimators. The method is applied to single phase (well-testing) and multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media.