多源遥感影像配准中的SIFT特征匹配改进

针对尺度不变特征变换算法应用于多源遥感影像配准时面临的低效率和误匹配问题,从特征点提取和特征点匹配两个方面对其进行改进。在特征点提取阶段,通过控制特征点数量和分布情况获取均匀分布的特征点;在特征点匹配阶段,采用特征点仿射变换粗匹配、精匹配和误匹配点剔除策略,由粗到精地获取准确的同名点。对多源遥感影像进行配准实验,结果表明,此方法在匹配效率及匹配性能上均优于原始SIFT算法,且配准精度更高。     

一种基于格网索引优化的遥感影像自动配准算法

针对SIFT算法在遥感影像配准过程中捕获配准点对数量较少和误匹配较多等问题,提出了一种基于格网索引的遥感影像自动配准的算法。首先,采用SIFT算法提取特征点和特征向量,并通过欧氏距离进行匹配;其次,建立格网索引剔除部分误匹配点对,从而提高了随机抽样一致算法的精度;最后,使用多项式几何纠正算法实现遥感影像的精确配准。实验结果表明:该算法比传统分块算法在遥感影像中得到的匹配点对精度更高,并且考虑到不同遥感影像配准场景的差异。     

多源高分辨率遥感影像自动匹配算法

提出一种基于同名直线约束的多源高分辨率遥感影像自动匹配方法。对影像建立高斯滤波模型去噪,然后进行边缘检测,在边缘影像上进行Hough变换,通过端点检测的方法来获取直线;通过粗匹配参数进行同名直线粗匹配,应用梯度模型对同名直线进行精匹配;对影像提取特征点,特征点经过同名直线约束后,在对应影像上利用同名直线约束建立匹配范围。采用最小欧式距离准则在给定范围内提取初始同名点;利用RANSAC算法剔除错误同名点对,以获取最终的匹配结果。实验结果表明,与传统的SIFT匹配算法比较,方法具有可靠性好、提取同名点数量多的优点。     

利用线特征和SIFT点特征进行多源遥感影像配准

提出了一种基于线特征和SIFT点特征的多源遥感影像配准方法。该方法首先匹配待配准影像和参考影像中的线特征,利用匹配直线构建虚拟角点;其次,针对传统SIFT算法匹配多源遥感影像特征点存在的不足,采用线特征约束点特征的方法进行SIFT同名点对的提取;最后结合虚拟角点对及SIFT同名点对构建三角网进行小面元微分纠正。试验结果表明,本文方法能取得较高的配准精度。     

低空无人机影像的快速拼接技术研究

对低空无人机影像的快速拼接技术进行研究,采用SIFT算法和SURF算法对尺度不变特征进行提取,根据特征描述符间的欧氏距离进行特征匹配,并使用RANSAC算法对匹配中产生的误匹配点对进行剔除,然后利用单应性矩阵实现无人机的影像拼接。实验结果表明,SIFT算法和SURF算法均能较好地对影像特征进行提取,SURF算法在效率上更优,RANSAC算法的剔除效果较好,能够得到良好的拼接影像。     

基于相似特征点集的SIFT匹配改进算法

当影像中存在相似或重复场景时,传统SIFT匹配算法存在匹配成功率低,目前改进的SIFT匹配算法计算量大。基于相似特征点集的SIFT匹配改进算法,依据相似性或重复场景的影像纹理特点,在SIFT特征点匹配过程中,通过设定阈值提取初始同名点,建立针对未成功匹配参考特征点的相似特征点集,利用已获取初始同名点建立仿射几何约束模型构建参考特征点的匹配约束窗口,在该窗口内利用特征点相对主方向及尺度约束,对特征相似点集进行匹配获得同名点,最后采用RANSAC算法剔除误匹配点。对比实验结果表明,在影像像对间存在较多相似性场景,同时存在较大尺度缩放、旋转变换、视角及模糊差异的情况下,文中算法在匹配成功率和计算复杂度上具有明显的优势。     

一种改进的多源遥感影像SIFT算法匹配策略

传统SIFT算法在遥感影像中相似性场景大量存在的情况下呈现出匹配效率低的问题。文中提出对传统SIFT算法匹配策略进行改进,其步骤包括:首先在初匹配阶段,利用建立金字塔影像匹配的方式确定影像间的几何关系模型;其次,利用该几何关系模型对初始影像进行约束匹配;最后利用RANSAC模型剔除误匹配点。通过相似性场景影像匹配实验可以表明,与传统SIFT算法相比,本方法具有明显的匹配效率和精度优势。     

融合多类特征的海岸带特殊纹理影像全自动配准

针对海岸带特殊纹理影像存在地物单一、纹理匮乏或重复等问题,该文提出一种融合多类特征的海岸带立体影像全自动配准方法。该算法分为3个阶段:①提取尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)关键点,采用欧氏距离比率获得初始匹配,并进一步采用归一互相关匹配(NCC)和随机抽样一致性算法剔除误匹配,继而估计影像间的单应矩阵;②利用改进的Forstner算子对左影像提取均匀分布的角点特征,并利用单应矩阵和NCC匹配进行同名点匹配;③基于上述多类特征的精匹配结果,计算影像间投影变换模型,实现影像的配准。最后,为验证该文算法的有效性,选取3组存在较大尺度、旋转及视角变化的海岸带特殊纹理影像进行综合对比试验,结果表明该文算法可实现全自动配准,并且在匹配点数量、配准精度以及匹配点空间分布等方面具有优势。     

改进尺度不变特征变换的遥感影像配准

当遥感影像强度映射差异较大或发生非刚性变换时,该类方法会导致不理想的配准效果.针对此问题,该文提出了一种结合改进的SIFT和LPM算法的遥感影像配准方法.在SIFT算法的基础上引入Scharr滤波器进行空间极值检测并计算高斯尺度空间的梯度幅值;在构建特征描述符时使用梯度位置方向直方图算子提取特征向量;在特征匹配阶段通过设定阈值进行初始匹配并生成预设匹配集,利用LPM算法剔除预设匹配关系集中的错误匹配关系.实验结果表明,较之已有的遥感影像配准方法,本算法可以得到更高的匹配精度和更理想的配准效果.     

一种新的异源高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像自动匹配算法

提出一种新的异源高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像自动匹配方法.首先利用高分辨率光学遥感影像有理多项式模型(RFM)正解模型,通过迭代计算其反解模型,并将RFM反解模型与投影轨迹法结合提取特征点对应异源影像核线,通过核线检查与对比分析确定同名点搜索范围.然后在搜索范围内利用最小欧式距离准则提取初始同名点,最后采用RANSAC算法和多项式拟合迭代法剔除误匹配点以获取最终的匹配结果.试验结果表明,相对于传统的SIFT算法,本文方法通过对异源影像特征点构建核线几何约束和灰度分析进行匹配,可获取更好的匹配效率和精度.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。