羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩地球化学特征及构造意义

羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩作为裂谷演化最后阶段的喷发产物,其成岩年龄和地球化学特征为裂谷的关闭时间和二叠纪构造演化提供了重要约束.在剖面地质调查基础上,对那益雄组玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及全岩分析测试,结果显示:那益雄组玄武岩锆石U-Pb年龄为257.2±2.9 Ma,形成于晚二叠世;该玄武岩属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列,轻微富集Ta元素而轻微亏损Nb元素,是软流圈地幔物质上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物,形成于裂谷关闭碰撞后的伸展背景.羌塘地块东部二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学数据显示,早二叠世-晚二叠世玄武岩具有由OIB型玄武岩向火山弧型玄武岩过渡的演化趋势,表明羌塘地块东部板内裂谷在早二叠世打开,中二叠世进入裂谷演化阶段,于晚二叠世关闭.      

新疆柯坪库木如吾祖克地区二叠纪火山岩

新疆柯坪库木如吾祖地区二叠纪火山岩产于柯坪微地块中。为陆相火山岩，主要由基性熔岩（辉石玄武岩）和酸性凝灰岩组成，具双峰式火山岩系组合特征，火山岩为3个火山喷发旋回的产物，从下至上基性熔岩主元素成分成规律性变化，表明基性熔岩为同源岩浆分异演化的产物。基性熔岩具有大陆火山岩性质，形成于大陆拉张环境。该二叠纪火山岩为天山造山带石炭－二叠纪大规模裂谷作用在柯坪古老微地块上的反映。     

新疆吾拉斯台一带下二叠统乌郎组火山岩地球化学特征

乌郎组火山岩分布于哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块（Ⅰ级）伊犁-伊塞克湖微板块（Ⅱ级）阿吾拉勒晚古生代裂谷系（Ⅲ级）中,为一套陆相的火山岩和碎屑岩组合.吾拉斯台一带火山活动较强,火山堆积厚度巨大,区内厚近4000 m,属乌郎组中上部层位.火山岩主要由偏碱性的基性和酸性岩组成,总体以双峰式火山岩为特征.岩石地球化学所反映的构造环境为板内玄武岩和大陆裂谷玄武岩,这与所处的大地构造位置相吻合.顶部层位的粗面玄武岩²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb同位素年龄为285±30 Ma,时代为早二叠世.由此推断,阿吾拉勒晚古生代裂谷系火山活动在早二叠世时即将结束,之后晚二叠世接受陆相磨拉石堆积,进入稳定陆内盆地发展阶段.     

Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Mafic Igneous Units in the Neoproterozoic Katangan Basin, Central Africa: Implications for Rodinia Break-up

Geochemical compositions of mafic igneous rocks in the Katangan basin in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, hereafter Congo, and Zambia) provide the basis for the geodynamic interpretation of the evolution of this Neoproterozoic basin located between the Congo and Kalahari cratons. The Katangan basin is subdivided into five major tectonic units: the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt, the Domes Region, the Synclinorial Belt and the Katangan High. The metamorphosed mafic igneous rocks investigated occur in the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt and the Domes Region. The earliest magmatic activity produced continental tholeiites emplaced on Paleoproterozoic crust during the early stages of intraplate break-up. This continental tholeiite magmatism was followed by an association of alkaline and tholeiitic basalts emplaced in the Katangan continental rift and then by tholeiitic basalts with E-MORB affinity marking a young oceanic crust. These volcanic associations mark different stages of evolution from pre-rift continental break-up up to a continental rift similar to the East African rift system and then to a Red Sea type incipient oceanic rift. A similar evolution occurs in the Damaran basin in southwestern Africa, although no pre-rift continental tholeiites have been recorded in this segment of the Pan-African belt system.     

南秦岭元古宙板内火山作用特征及构造意义

南秦岭元古宙火山岩主要由两大类岩石构成，一类为SiO245%-57%的基性火山岩系，另一类为SiO267%-78%的酸性火山岩系，主要岩石类型为细碧岩、玄武岩和石英角班岩、流纹岩。基性火山岩整体上属拉斑玄武岩系列，酸性火山岩属钙碱系列。火山岩强烈富集稀土元素，尤其是轻稀土元素，酸性火山岩和基性火山岩有相似的稀土元素特征，显示了源区特征的不同。基性火山岩富集强不相容元素，相对亏损Nb和Ti, 成于大陆裂谷环境，具有大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征。同位素特征表明基性火山作用与地幔柱活动密切相关。南秦岭的中、晚元古代大陆拉张及由古地幔柱活动所引发的陆裂火山岩浆活动是古秦岭洋打开的先兆。     

藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带晚二叠纪基性岩浆作用及其构造地质意义

野外地质调查和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb地质年代学研究在藏南雅拉香波地区厘定了一规模较大,形成于273.0±2.2Ma的辉绿岩体。该辉绿岩体侵入到由页岩和细砂岩组成的特提斯沉积岩中,表明这些沉积岩形成时间早于晚二叠纪,而不是晚三叠纪地层。该岩体具有以下地球化学特征:(1)富集LREE,亏损HREE;(2)高场强元素含量较高;(3)较高的Sr(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7063～0.7078)和Nd(εNd(t)=-1.1～-2.4)同位素组成,与西部同时代溢流玄武岩相当;及(4)较高的εHf(t)(+2.5～+3.9)。本研究及已有数据表明:沿新特提斯带发育一系列晚二叠纪基性岩浆岩,是冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解和新特提斯洋初始张开时深部岩浆作用的产物。     

攀西古裂谷内龙帚山玄武岩—碱玄响岩建造

在川、滇、黔三省晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩省的中部，产于攀西古裂谷内的龙帚山火山岩建造自下而上有4个喷发旋回：拉斑玄武岩、碱玄响岩、钾粗面玄武岩以及拉斑玄武岩。上下两个玄武岩旋回的岩性与该裂谷带以外大面积展布的高钛玄武岩岩性相同；而其碱玄响岩旋回主要由响碱玄岩—碱玄响岩—响岩岩系组成，夹粗安岩和安粗岩层，此旋回厚达千米，类似于非洲肯尼亚裂谷带的高原溢流响岩岩系。龙帚山晚二叠世火山岩建造的层序和岩石组合不同于古裂谷带外正常的大陆板内暗色岩喷出相的层序和岩浆演化规律，可能是地幔热柱和裂谷背景下岩石圈拉张复合作用的结果。     

哀牢山缝合带中两类火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

在哀牢山构造带的哀牢山断裂与花山－雅邑断裂之间出路大量不同构造环境的岩浆岩。除双沟蛇绿岩外,尚发现有景东火山岩和墨江火山岩。地球化学研究表明,景东火山岩具有类似于富集型洋中脊玄武岩（Ｐ－ＭＯＲＢ）地球化学特征,形成于以双沟蛇绿岩为代表的哀牢山洋盆先期的陆内裂谷构造环境;墨江火山岩具有岛弧火山岩地球化学特征,形成于哀牢山洋盆向西俯冲消减作用下的岛弧构造环境。景东裂谷型火山岩和墨江岛弧火山岩分别代表了     

吐哈盆地及邻区早二叠世沉积特征与构造发育的耦合关系

通过对不同露头剖面和探井资料的分析,在吐哈盆地及邻区区分出三种不同类型沉积相：（1）裂谷型海相火山喷发沉积相;（2）裂谷型陆相火山喷发沉积相;（3）造山带磨拉石相;不同沉积相特征并结合构造分析认为,早二叠世在吐哈及邻区存在二种不同类型的盆地,即前陆盆地和裂谷盆地,同时,还探讨了大陆一大陆碰撞带上两种不同类型盆地的形成机理。     

Late Triassic rifting and Jurassic–Cretaceous passive margin development of the Southern Neotethys: evidence from the Adıyaman area,SE Turkey

Evidence of rifting and continental break-up to form the S Neotethys is found within the volcanic-sedimentary Koçali Complex. This is a folded, thrust-imbricated succession that includes lavas, volcaniclastic sediments, pelagic carbonates, radiolarites and manganiferous deposits. Interbedded ribbon cherts contain radiolarians of Late Triassic to Late Jurassic age. The lower part of the succession of Mid?-Late Triassic age (Tarasa Formation) is dominated by enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB). The overlying Late Triassic to Mid-Jurassic interval (Konak Formation) is characterised by intercalations of ocean island basalt and E-MORB. Taking account of structural position, the basalts erupted within the outer part of a continent–ocean transition zone. Continental break-up probably occurred during the Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian). Early to Mid-Jurassic lavas and volcaniclastic sediments record volcanism probably after continental break-up. In addition, the Karadut Complex is a broken formation that is located at a relatively low structural position just above the Arabian foreland. Pelagic carbonates, redeposited carbonates and radiolarites predominate. Radiolarians are dated as Early to Mid-Jurassic and Late Cretaceous in age. The pelagic carbonates include planktic foraminifera of Late Cretaceous age. The Karadut Complex resulted from the accumulation of calcareous gravity flows, pelagic carbonate and radiolarites in a relatively proximal, base-of-slope setting. After continental break-up, MORB and ophiolitic rocks formed within the S Neotethys further north. Tectonic emplacement onto the Arabian platform took place by earliest Maastrichtian time. Regional interpretation is facilitated by comparisons with examples of Triassic rifting and continental break-up in the eastern Mediterranean region and elsewhere.     

吉林省长白山地区新生代火山岩的特点及其成因

长白山地区新生代火山岩是一套玄武岩、粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩的双峰式火山岩组合。玄武岩类分别属于碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列。奶头山期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆直接喷发于地表的产物,其他各期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用的产物。粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩与玄武岩有成因联系,可能是玄武岩浆通过分离结晶作用而形成的。本区新生代火山岩是大陆裂谷构造环境下的产物,是在地幔增温和底辞上升过程中形成的。     

Geochemical discrimination of the geotectonic environment of basaltic-andesitic volcanic rocks associated with the Laochang polymetallic ore deposit at Lancang, Yunnan

1 Introduction The Laochang polymetallic ore deposit at Lancang is located about 30 km northwest of Lancang County seat, Yunnan Province, it is an ancient ore deposit with a history of nearly 600 years of exploitation. Regionally, this deposit belongs t…     

RECENT ADVANCES IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PARTS OF LESSER AND TETHYS HIMALAYA OF INDIA, SOUTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU (KUMAON, GARHWAL AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)

RECENT ADVANCES IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PARTS OF LESSER AND TETHYS HIMALAYA OF INDIA, SOUTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU (KUMAON, GARHWAL AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)     

Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Sangxiu Formation,central segment of Tethyan Himalaya: A probable example of plume–lithosphere interaction

The ∼133 Ma volcanic rocks of Sangxiu Formation are distributed in the eastern part of the central Tethyan Himalaya and belong paleogeographically to the northeastern margin of Greater India. These volcanic rocks include alkaline basalts and felsic volcanic rocks. Major and trace element abundances and whole-rock isotopic data for selected samples of these volcanic rocks are used to infer their petrogenesis. Geochemically, the Sangxiu basalts are closely similar to the Emeishan high-Ti basalts. Major and trace element data and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the Sangxiu basalts may have been derived from an OIB-type mantle source, with discernable contributions from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The basaltic magmas may have formed as a result of the infiltration of plume-derived melts into the base of the lithosphere in a continental rift setting. The Sangxiu felsic volcanic rocks share most of the geochemical features of A-type granite, and have Sr–Nd isotopic compositions which differ considerably from the Sangxiu basalts, suggesting that they originated from the anatexis of ensialic continental crust. The Sangxiu volcanic rocks may be considered as the consequence of an interaction between the Kerguelen hotspot and the lithosphere of the northeastern margin of Greater India at ∼133 Ma, and may represent the initial stage of the separation of Greater India from southwestern Australia.     

吐--哈盆地及周缘早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造环境探讨

长期以来对吐—哈盆地及其周缘地区早二叠世构造环境的归属存在较大异议.通过对盆地早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征的研究,进一步厘定了火山岩的产出环境.研究表明,区内火山岩以玄武岩、玄武安山岩和流纹岩为主,具双峰式火山岩特征,大部分玄武岩相对MORB强烈富集LILE和LREE,HFSE适度富集,Th/Ta比值>5,Ta、Nb的适度亏损和陆壳的混染有关,少量玄武岩带有与消减作用有关的地球化学信息,与造山期后伸展环境下的火山岩地球化学特征相似.结合区域地质特征及邻区研究结果,认为吐—哈盆地早二叠世火山岩为造山期后伸展背景下裂谷环境的产物.     

阿尔泰东部新生代火山岩的地球化学特点及构造环境

新疆三大山系均有新生代火山岩,其中南部西昆仑、阿尔金山及天山托云等地的新生代火山岩比较发育,在新疆东北部地区的阿尔泰哈拉乔拉一带也发育新生代的陆内喷发火山岩。这套火山岩虽然面积不是很大,但具有大陆溢流玄武岩的特点。在地球化学上也具有典型热点成因洋岛玄武岩或其它地幔柱成因玄武岩的特点,如TiO2含量高大于2%、轻稀土元素和不相容元素显著富集等。表明新疆北部特别是阿尔泰造山带东部演化到新生代以后,有向裂陷拉张方向演化的趋势,标志着一个新的大地构造演化阶段的到来。     

A Lower Palaeozoic shallow water sequence in the eastern European Variscides (SW Poland): provenance and depositional history

The Gackowa Formation of inferred Cambrian —Ordovician age is part of the metamorphosed pre-Variscan basement of the southern Kaczawa Mountains of the Sudetes region, south-west Poland. Previously variously interpreted as lavas, tuffs and sandstones, it is shown to consist of about 200 m of originally well-sorted siliclastic sedimentary rocks within a sequence of predominantly mafic volcanic rocks. Four facies have been distinguished based on relict sedimentary structures and textures and these suggest that deposition took place on a storm-dominated shelf, mostly above the wave base. The petrography, detrital zircon morphologies and geochemistry suggest affinity with, and derivation in large part from, acid volcanic rocks at a comparable stratigraphic position in a separate tectonostratigraphic unit to the south. The Gackowa Formation and its acid volcanic source rocks have a clear continental geochemical signature, in contrast with the mantle-derived basic/bimodal volcanic rocks below and above; it is suggested that the parent acid magma originated by crustal melting during the ascent of these mantle-derived magmas. A continental crust setting is inferred for the deposition of the Gackowa Formation sandstones, thus suggesting a continental setting for the associated within-plate basalts. The entire volcanic/sedimentary succession resembles elements of the Lower Palaeozoic of Germany, and all may have formed in an initial rift setting during Late Precambrian to Ordovician times.     

Géochimie et signification géotectonique des volcanites du Cryogénien inférieur du Saghro (Anti-Atlas oriental,Maroc)

The Early Cryogenian groups of Sidi Flah, Kelaat Mgouna and Boumalne (Saghro, Anti-Atlas, Morocco) are constituted by turbiditic deposits and interbedded lavas, accumulated in tectonic basins. At Sidi Flah, volcanics are transitional showing initial rift tholeiites (IRT) fingerprint and alkali basalts of oceanic island basalt (OIB) compositions. At Kelaat Mgouna, volcanics consist of low-Nb continental tholeiites. At Boumalne, basalts are of IRT composition. The volcanic and sedimentary formations belong to a nascent rift caused by thermal doming along a SW-NE axis, the Saghro rift. The continental break-up occurred in the early Neoproterozoic and during the Rodinia supercontinent dislocation, within a continent called “Ibero-saharian Craton” which was in front of the West-African Craton located near the South Pole. The Saghro rift is contemporaneous to the opening of an oceanic domain represented by Central Anti-Atlas ophiolites and related to the extension of the Brazialiano Ocean.     

贺兰山汝箕沟玄武岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

贺兰山汝箕沟地区上三叠统延长组顶部发育一套基性火山岩,为我们探讨贺兰山地区晚三叠世的构造属性提供了重要依据。该套火山岩为一套拉斑玄武岩,主量元素以相对富Na₂O （1.29%～3.66%）、贫K₂O （<1%）和低Mg^# （43%～58%）为特征。稀土元素总含量较低（65.13×10^-6～94.52×10^-6）,（La/Yb）_N = 3.46～4.71,为轻稀土富集型。富集Cs、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,结合构造环境判别图解,该套火山岩形成于陆内裂谷环境。岩浆喷溢时间晚于盆地裂陷沉积时间,具被动裂谷性质。综合分析表明,汝箕沟玄武岩岩浆是拉张作用下岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩过渡区域部分熔融的产物,并经历了一定程度的橄榄岩、单斜辉石的结晶分异,表明晚三叠世—早侏罗世阿拉善地块与东部华北板块之间曾经历过一次伸展裂解事件。     

准噶尔盆地的类型和构造演化

准噶尔盆地的早二叠世属于裂谷还是前陆盆地 ,存在意见分歧 ;晚二叠世—老第三纪盆地的性质也不确定。文中通过对盆地构造几何学、沉降史、热史及火山岩的综合分析研究 ,对盆地类型和构造演化获得了一些新的认识 :( 1)准噶尔盆地在早二叠世为裂谷 ,晚二叠世为热冷却伸展坳陷 ,三叠纪—老第三纪为克拉通内盆地 ,新第三纪至今 ,由于印度板块与亚洲大陆碰撞才形成陆内前陆盆地。 ( 2 )对石炭纪—早二叠世的岩浆活动结合区域构造资料的研究表明 ,准噶尔地区古生代的板块运动和造山作用具软碰撞特点 ,早二叠世的裂谷盆地是在软碰撞背景下造山带伸展塌陷的产物。 ( 3)地幔热对流作用可能是软碰撞造山后伸展塌陷的主要深部动力学机制。