平面应变条件下M-C材料屈服时的中主应力公式

基于Mohr-Coulomb准则,通过引入罗德角参数及Mohr-Coulomb准则平面应变等效广义Mises准则,推导了平面应变条件下材料屈服时的中主应力公式,并给出其与基于SMP准则（Spatial Mobiliaztion Piane）的平面应变中主应力公式之间的关系式。对平面应变条件下的条形地基进行了有限元数值模拟,计算结果验证了所推导的平面应变条件下M-C材料屈服时的中主应力公式的正确性,其公式为岩土体的强度和变形分析、中主应力的强度效应的进一步研究,以及Mohr-Coulomb准则的修正提供了有力的基础。     

基于Lade-Duncan准则的平面应变强度公式

在弹性-理想塑性和相关联流动法则的假设下,基于Lade-Duncan准则,得到了平面应变破坏的中主应力条件,提出一种新的平面应变条件下的强度公式。该公式将平面应变条件和常规三轴压缩条件下的抗剪强度指标联系起来,只须通过常规三轴试验,就可确定平面应变条件下的内摩擦角和黏聚力,可以有效反映中主应力对平面应变内摩擦角的提高效应。证明了等效内摩擦角达到极大值的条件即为平面应变条件下无黏性土的破坏条件,以及绘制π平面上3种准则的几何关系,阐明平面应变强度公式的数学意义。最后,通过地基承载力试验结果验证了该公式的有效性。在使用规范方法或有限元软件进行平面应变计算时,该公式可考虑中主应力的影响,选取更为有效的抗剪强度指标。     

复杂应力状态下条形基础的临塑荷载公式

莫尔-库仑强度准则的临塑荷载公式由于没有考虑中主应力在强度上的作用使计算结果偏于保守。利用具有线性形式的双剪应力强度准则替换原有的莫尔-库仑强度准则,将中主应力引入临塑荷载的计算中,推导出平面应变条件下考虑中主应力影响的临塑荷载公式,并通过算例说明了新临塑荷载公式的计算结果比原有公式有较大的偏高。     

基于统一强度理论分析不连续面对岩体强度的影响

基于统一强度理论,对含有结构面的岩体,在平面形式下引入材料统一强度参数ct,φt,推导了含单个节理裂隙岩体材料的统一强度公式,即考虑中间主应力的岩体破坏强度公式,并分析了其有效范围。运用硅藻质软岩和石膏的三轴试验结果,验证了所建立的公式的正确性,并分析了具有不连续面岩体的强度随中间主剪应力作用系数b的变化。结果表明,岩体强度随b值的增大而增大。根据岩土材料统一强度参数的确定方法,计算并分析了b值对强度参数的影响,从而说明强度参数随着b值的变化而变化。     

基于脆剪分析的岩体非线性强度特性在统一强度理论中的实现

针对统一强度理论（UST）拟合非线性强度的局限和岩土材料强度特点,提出拟合岩土非线性强度特征的脆性剪切分析方法,建立了过渡式双线性强度分解公式。以脆断、剪切双重破坏机制,解释Hoek-Brown准则的非线性特征机制,并推导出体现岩石、岩体类材料非线性强度特征的脆剪强度公式。Mine-by隧道和北山花岗岩强度数据分析显示,在岩体折减强度、试验数据直接拟合实例分析中,脆剪强度与Hoek-Brown强度相关性系数均在0.98以上,在该基础上建立岩体非线性强度脆剪分析的双线性过渡式,并提出对应的统一强度理论形式,实现统一强度理论在拟合岩土非线性强度准则中的扩展。     

SMP准则在计算煤柱极限强度中的应用

基于黏性材料的SMP（spatially mobilized plane）破坏准则,分析了煤柱在三维应力状态下的应力问题,并推导了煤柱极限强度的计算公式。通过改变煤体的内摩擦角? 和凝聚力c,与Mohr-Coulomb准则下煤柱极限强度以及简化的A. H. Wilson公式得到的煤柱极限强度进行对比,结果表明,Mohr-Coulomb准则和A.H.Wilson公式由于忽略了煤柱中主应力的影响,其得到的极限强度计算公式低估了煤柱实际极限强度,说明基于黏性材料的SMP准则下的煤柱极限强度计算符合实际,对于分析煤柱的稳定性具有一定的现实指导意义。     

土压力公式的统一解

传统的土压力公式不能反映土体材料强度的中间主应力效应,但中间主应力效应是存在的且不容忽视的。基于俞茂宏统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力效应,推导了土压力公式的统一解,给出了具有广泛意义的土压力公式,可以充分发挥材料的强度潜能,Rankine土压力公式为其特例。根据不固结不排水强度指标与固结不排水强度指标,按有效应力法与总应力法对土压力的计算公式进行了推导和分析,得出了两种强度指标下的土压力公式。另外,通过已有文献的实例进行了对比分析。      

土工袋加固原理与极限强度的分析研究

回顾了土工袋在二维应力状态下的加固原理和对应的Mohr-Coulomb强度公式,指出其不足之处,并建议以三维应力状态分析土工袋加固原理。分别以广义 Mises 破坏准则和 Lade-Duncan 破坏准则为理论基础,推导出土工袋在三维复杂应力作用下的极限抗压强度表达式。通过对二维、三维强度计算值与土工袋抗压强度试验实测结果的比较分析,验证新的三维土工袋强度公式的计算结果更接近于试验实测值,而且其适用范围更广。     

基于GH-B准则的节理边坡模糊破坏概率研究

广义Hoek-Brown (GH-B)强度准则作为估计完整岩石或节理岩体剪切强度的半经验准则,已成为岩体强度预测及数值计算领域中应用最广的准则之一.经验公式中涉及3个与岩体特性有关的材料参数mb、s和a,实际应用中还不能直接对这3个参数进行精确取值,只能通过中间变量推导或结合地质经验来确定.为尽可能大地消除因用H-B经验公式的中间变量推导带来的累积误差,消除边坡稳定性评价结果的偏差,本文提出了从基本随机变量着手,考虑基本变量的模糊性和随机性,通过模糊随机可靠性理论来综合分析评价边坡潜在破坏概率和风险程度的方法.首先从决定GH-B经验公式的4个基本参数GSI、σci、mi和D出发,采用模糊数对随机变量进行模糊化处理,然后引入到H-B经验公式中去,利用修正的模糊点估计方法将节理边坡的稳定极限方程由模糊集向普通随机集转化,求解边坡的模糊破坏概率.     

基于中主应力修正关系的边坡稳定性分析

边坡稳定性分析时通常将应力条件简化为平面应变状态,采用三轴试验强度计算出的边坡稳定性偏于保守。在充分考虑中主应力物理含义及力学机制的基础上,将Mises屈服准则与Mohr-Coulomb（简称M-C）内切圆屈服准则进行匹配,得到了平面应变条件下土体屈服破坏时中主应力的理论修正关系,进而也得到了该条件下最大主应力与最小主应力的比值关系,从理论上证明了该比值关系是与土体平面应变破坏时内摩擦角成一定关系的常数,也在平面应变试验中得到了验证,从侧面反映出中主应力理论修正关系的合理性。由上述两种关系建立了土体平面应变破坏条件下的应力路径,结合Lade-Duncan强度准则,建立了平面应变条件下强度参数与三轴试验试验条件下强度参数转换公式,由该转换公式得到的平面应变条件下的强度参数与平面应变试验实测值误差在2%左右,大幅缩小了三轴试验实测值与平面应变试验实测值的误差。在均质边坡稳定分析中分别采用常规三轴试验强度值与由公式转换得到的平面应变强度值进行计算。研究结果表明,三轴试验条件下内摩擦角为10°～20°之间时,基于两种强度参数得出的安全系数相差不大;当三轴试验条件下内摩擦角大于20°时,平面应变条件下安全系数较三轴试验条件下提高19%左右,但该成果只在文中计算案例有效,两者误差的准确关系还有待于进一步研究。值得关注的是,由于平面应变条件下土体强度变大,边坡的临界滑面深度变浅了,其形态相应变陡。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861