Early Cretaceous gabbroic complex from Yinan,Shandong Province: petrogenesis and mantle domains beneath the North China Craton

Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data are reported for the gabbroic complex from Yinan (Shandong Province) with the aims of characterizing the nature of the Mesozoic mantle beneath the North China Craton. The Yinan gabbros contain alkali feldspar and biotite, and are characterized by moderate Mg#, high SiO₂, low FeO and TiO₂ contents and a strong enrichment of light rare earth elements [(La/Yb)_n=11–50], but no Eu anomaly. They have low Nb/La (0.07–0.29), radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.710) and unradiogenic _Nd(t) (–15 to –13). These crustal fingerprints cannot be attributed to crustal contamination, given the lack of correlation between isotopic ratios and differentiation indices and the unreasonably high proportion of crustal contaminant (>20%) required in modeling. Instead, compositional similarities to contemporaneous basalts from nearby regions imply that the Yinan gabbros were not significantly affected by crystal cumulation. Isotopic data available for the Mesozoic mafic magmas reveal two distinct mantle domains beneath Shandong. While the EM1-like domain (with low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) is confined to western Shandong, the mantle beneath eastern Shandong is dominated by EM2-type (with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) affinities. This aerial distinction suggests that the EM2-like signature of the Yinan gabbros may have been inherited from westerly-subducted Yangtze crust during the Triassic North China-South China collision. Emplacement of the Yinan gabbros (127 Ma) is likely affiliated with the widespread and protracted extension during the late Mesozoic in this region.     

Continental crust and lithospheric mantle interaction beneath North China: isotopic evidence from granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba, Sino-Korean craton

Mafic granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkaline basalts at Hannuoba, Hebei Province, North China have been selected for a systematic geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic study, which provides a unique opportunity to explore nature of the lower crust and the interaction between the continental crust and lithospheric mantle beneath an Archean craton. The major, compatible and incompatible elements and radiogenic isotopes of these xenoliths suggest great chemical heterogeneity of the lower crust beneath the Hannuoba region. Petrological and geochemical evidences indicate a clear cumulate origin, and most likely, they are related to basaltic underplating in different geological episodes. However, the Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the xenoliths reveal a profound enriched source signature (EM I) with some influence of EM II, which implies that some portion of pre-existing, old metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle could have played an important role in their genesis. It is suggested that the interaction between continental crust and subcontinental mantle as manifested by basaltic underplating would be closely related to regional tectonic episodes and geodynamic processes in the deep part of subcontinental lithospheric mantle.     

山西繁峙新生代玄武岩地幔源区及成因探讨:元素及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素地球化学证据

山西省繁峙玄武岩位于华北克拉通重力梯度带附近,是华北克拉通中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分。前人全岩K-Ar测年结果为26.3~24.3Ma。对繁峙地区苏孟庄和应县两地玄武岩的地球化学特征研究表明,其微量元素和同位素均具有类OIB特征,即富集不相容元素,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=8.42~21.60),不存在Sr、Eu负异常,Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr=0.703848~0.704870)较低,Nd(143Nd/144Nd=0.512617~0.513057)和Hf(176Hf/177Hf=0.282873~0.283001)同位素比值较高,Pb同位素比值分别为206Pb/204Pb=17.2~17.9,207Pb/204Pb=15.3~15.4和208Pb/204Pb=37.5~37.9。结合岩相学特征和主量元素特征,我们推断繁峙新生代玄武岩是软流圈低程度部分熔融结果,并存在岩石圈物质的加入,岩浆上升时在岩石圈地幔条件下的岩浆房内经历了以橄榄石、单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用,岩浆因快速上升而地壳混染程度甚低。苏孟庄碱性玄武岩具有较深的熔融深度和较低的熔融程度,而应县亚碱性玄武岩熔融深度较浅,熔融程度较高。结合重力梯度带附近其他地区的新生代玄武岩的研究,我们推测重力梯度带附近新生代的火山活动可能起源于西部软流圈地幔向东流动越过重力梯度带时的减压部分熔融,该地区广泛分布的断裂带为岩浆上涌提供了通道。本文为中国东部新生代玄武质火山活动的岩石成因学研究提供了新的视角。     

鹤壁新生代玄武岩源区及成因: 地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

大陆碱性玄武岩是研究大陆地幔、软流圈和岩石圈、壳幔相互作用的窗口。鹤壁碱性玄武岩为华北中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分,其源区和成因对了解新生代期间华北克拉通中部岩石圈地幔改造提供了重要依据。鹤壁新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,贫硅(SiO₂=45.0%~47.8%)富镁(MgO=7.3%~8.5%)和全碱(Na₂O+K₂O=4.6%~6.3%),富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,具有明显的Nb、Ta正异常,其中Nb/U=35~48、La/Nb=0.4~0.7、Ba/Nb=3.6~11。 全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值分别为⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.7036~0.7044,ε_Nd(t)=+0.4~+5.4, ε_Hf(t)=+5.0~+9.7,显示鹤壁新生代玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征和同位素组成。岩相学特征和地球化学特征表明鹤壁新生代玄武岩是软流圈地幔(>80km)小程度部分熔融形成的熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用后的结果,地壳物质混染和结晶分离作用不显著。     

Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the age and origin of mafic dikes from eastern Shandong Province,eastern North China Craton

Post-orogenic mafic dikes are widespread across eastern Shandong Province, North China Craton, eastern China. We here report new U–Pb zircon ages and bulk-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for representative samples of these rocks. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analysis of two mafic dike samples yields consistent ages of 118.7 ± 0.25 million years and 122.4 ± 0.21 million years. These Mesozoic mafic dikes are characterized by high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i ranging from 0.7082 to 0.7087, low ?_Nd(t) values from??17.0 to??17.5, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 17.14 to 17.18, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.44 to 15.55, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.47 to 38.20. Our results suggest that the parental magmas of these dikes were derived from an ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by foundered lower crustal eclogitic materials prior to magma generation. The mafic dikes underwent minor fractionation during ascent and negligible crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, these findings provide additional evidence that intense lithospheric thinning beneath eastern Shandong occurred at ～120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal/foundering of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.     

Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis

Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ¹⁸O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 7‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 6.5‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ¹⁸O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust.     

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学：岩石圈地幔富集的证据

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩主要分布在燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽吉拗拉谷中及附近,为一套高碱高钾的基性-中性岩,以正长岩类为主。本文通过开展系统的 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素研究,发现所有岩体岩石均以高负ε_(Nd)(t)为特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.4～-7.5,平均值为～4.8,这与研究区古-中元古代基性-超基性岩石的 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4～-8) 一致,与燕辽裂堑系发育的偏碱性火山岩 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4.3～-8.9)也比较相似,表明它们的物质来源相似,都与富集地幔有关。Sr 同位素初始比值(~(87)St/~(86)Sr)_i比较低,主要变化在0.7028～0.7053之间,平均值为0.7041。钾长石铅同位素组成普遍较低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值变化范围(梁屯-矿洞沟岩体除外)分别为14.500～15.70l、14.887～15.150和34.178～36.537,平均值分别为14.968、14.984和35.057。在ε_(Nd)(t)-ε_(Sr)(t)图解上,所有岩体的投影点均在地幔演化趋势线附近,比较接近 EMI 型富集地幔端员,暗示它们的物质来源与 EMI 型富集地幔有关;钾长石 Pb 同位素模式图也说明这些岩体物质来源与地幔和下地壳有关。通过两端员混合模拟,揭示了岩浆演化过程中存在少量的下地壳物质混染,平均约14%左右。从2.5Ga 左右开始华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的亏损程度逐渐变小,在2.2Ga 左右局部呈现富集性特征,1.85Ga时整个岩石圈地幔已经完全转变为富集性,之后富集程度越来越高。推测早期俯冲携带的壳源物质以及后期地幔流体的交代作用可能是岩石圈地幔逐渐转变为富集性的原因。     

The geochemical variations of mid-Cretaceous lavas across western Shandong Province, China and their tectonic implications

Major and trace element as well as Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of mid-Cretaceous lavas across western Shandong Province, China have been studied. These lavas can be generally divided into southern Shandong group (including Pingyi and Mengyin) and northern Shandong group (including Laiwu and Zouping) based on their geochemistry. The southern group lavas are characterized by extreme enrichment in LREE, large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in HFSE along with EMII-like Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, suggesting that the crustal involvements play a significant role in their petrogenesis. Comparing studies with Fangcheng basalts reveal that the Triassic continent–continent collision between the Yangtze craton (YC) and the North China craton (NCC), and subsequent extensive modification of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the south part of the NCC by silicic melts released from the subducted Yangtze lower crust, formed an enriched lithospheric mantle which was the source of the southern Shandong group lavas. In contrast, the northern Shandong group lavas are mildly enriched in LREE and LILE relative to those of the southern group lavas. The isotope compositions are also distinctive in that the Sr isotopic ratios are very low. Available geochemical evidence and comparing studies with spatially closed related mafic intrusions suggest that the SCLM feeding the northern group lavas seems to be linked to carbonatitic metasomatism and changed modal proportion of phlogopite and clinopyroxene in the mantle rather than subduction-related modifications. The contrasting geochemical characters of the mid-Cretaceous lavas across western Shangdong suggest that the SCLM of the NCC is spatially heterogeneous in Mesozoic.     

江西武山铜矿区花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及成因探讨

武山铜矿床是位于长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区中的一个大型铜矿床.本文对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的矿物化学、主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,岩体中黑云母富镁,为金云母,其Fe3 /Fe2 组成表明岩浆氧逸度很高;角闪石具有Mg/(Mg Fe)高而Si低的特征,为阳起石和镁质角闪石,角闪石压力计计算表明岩体具有超浅成侵位特征.花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特征.岩石具有相对较高的SiO2(64.9%～68.62%,平均66.52%)和Al2O3(14.0%～15.3%,平均14.8%)含量,同时岩石的Mg#很高(0.53～0.71),并具有相对较高的相容元素含量;岩石富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=27.8～64.5),Eu负异常不明显,岩石同时富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有较高的Sr/Y比值(35.0～68.2).岩石的初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7067～0.7075,εNd(t)值为-4.08～-4.44,锆石的εHf(t)值为-2.1～-7.0.详尽的元素和同位素地球化学特征表明武山花岗闪长斑岩是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,很有可能是由拆沉的加厚下地壳发生部分熔融,并在其上升过程中与地幔橄榄石发生相互作用而形成的.     

大陆深俯冲后效作用的地球化学记录——华北中生代岩石圈地幔源区特征变异的讨论

早中生代扬子板块与华北板块之间的俯冲及其后两陆块间的碰撞为大陆深俯冲后效作用研究提供了一个少见的实例。本文在系统论述华北中生代深部年代学记录、深源岩类源区地球化学特征的时空变化规律,普遍的 Sr 同位素高度富集现象及其空间变化指向、高场强元素强烈分馏以及时间制约分析基础上,提出了导致这些源区特征变化最可能的机制为扬子板片深俯冲中析出的熔体/流体交代并改造了华北大陆岩石圈地幔。而其后中生代全球事件引发的中国东部广泛而强烈白垩纪构造-岩浆幕则提供了侵位于地壳层位深源岩类的成岩条件。本文强调指出对华北岩石圈地幔这种大尺度实体上的改造,应被视为扬子板片深俯冲后效作用中最具深远意义的一种表现,并对中生代华北岩石圈整体转型产生了重要影响。     

胶-辽-吉带辽东宽甸地区古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因

古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩在胶-辽-吉构造带广泛出露,是构成胶-辽-吉带的最主要物质组成。2件中细粒二长花岗质片麻岩样品及1件正长花岗质片麻岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,它们分别形成于2.17Ga和2.33Ga,代表两期花岗质岩浆事件,并经历了约1.89Ga的变质作用。这些花岗质岩石具高硅(SiO_2=71.68%~76.38%),富铁(Fe_2O_3+FeO=1.61%~4.35%)及全碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.57%~9.3%),K_2O/Na_2O比值大于1,贫钙(CaO=0.2%~1.6%)、镁(MgO=0.05%~0.24%,Mg#=3.82~13.0)、磷(P_2O_5=0.01%~0.06%)及钛(TiO_2=0.12%~0.4%)的特征;它们具有较高的稀土元素总量(ΣREE=104×10~(-6)~440×10~(-6)),具有轻微的轻重稀土分异,(La/Yb)_N比值在2~11之间,具明显的铕负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.30~1.18,平均值为0.56),具有低Sr(大部分100×10~(-6))、Rb(62.8×10~(-6)~187×10~(-6))、Cr及Ni含量,高的Zr(250×10~(-6))及Yb(2×10~(-6))含量,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y平均值为506×10~(-6),10000×Ga/Al值大于2.7;微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网模式图显示,富集Rb、U、K、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr及Ti等元素;它们属铁质、准铝质至弱过铝质、碱钙-钙碱性系列,全岩锆饱和温度大于800℃,属A2型花岗岩;结合胶-辽-吉带内古元古代花岗质片麻岩的全岩Nd及锆石Hf同位素研究结果,指示这些古元古代A型花岗岩可能形成于高温低压的伸展构造背景下,大陆物质(TTG岩石)的部分熔融。暗示胶-辽-吉带可能经历了古元古代早期多阶段的陆壳伸展拉张,并形成初始洋盆,然后再到洋-陆俯冲、陆(弧)-陆碰撞的演化过程。     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (II): isotopic geochemistry and implications for crustal growth in the Phanerozoic

NE China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The area is distinguished by widespread occurrence of Phanerozoic granitic rocks. In the companion paper (Part I), we established the Jurassic ages (184–137 Ma) for three granitic plutons: Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi. We also used geochemical data to argue that these rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. In this paper, we present Sr–Nd–O isotope data of the three plutons and 32 additional samples to delineate the nature of their source, to determine the proportion of mantle to crustal components in the generation of the voluminous granitoids and to discuss crustal growth in the Phanerozoic.

Despite their difference in emplacement age, Sr–Nd isotopic analyses reveal that these Jurassic granites have common isotopic characteristics. They all have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7045±0.0015), positive _Nd(T) values (+1.3 to +2.8), and young Sm–Nd model ages (720–840 Ma). These characteristics are indicative of juvenile nature for these granites. Other Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granites in this region also show the same features. Sr–Nd and oxygen isotopic data suggest that the magmatic evolution of the granites can be explained in terms of two-stage processes: (1) formation of parental magmas by melting of a relatively juvenile crust, which is probably a mixed lithology formed by pre-existing lower crust intruded or underplated by mantle-derived basaltic magma, and (2) extensive magmatic differentiation of the parental magmas in a slow cooling environment.

The widespread distribution of juvenile granitoids in NE China indicates a massive transfer of mantle material to the crust in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. Several recent studies have documented that juvenile granitoids of Paleozoic to Mesozoic ages are ubiquitous in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, hence suggesting a significant growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic.     

太行山和华北其它地区中生代岩浆作用的锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征及其岩浆成因和地球动力学意义

华北克拉通东部中生代岩浆岩的主要特征是岩石类型复杂(从辉长质到二长花岗质),显示高钾钙碱性、高Sr—Ba、高Sr／Y和La／Yb比值和高度富集的Sr-Nd同位素成分。锆石SHRIMP定年表明,太行山地区岩浆作用发生在138—127Ma之间。该年代结果与东亚其它地区已经发表的锆石年代数据揭示了中生代岩浆作用的发展具有从日本岛(和朝鲜半岛;210Ma),到胶辽半岛(180Ma),再到大别山-太行山(138Ma)的年轻化趋势。这暗示华北中生代岩浆作用可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲有关。但华北中生代岩浆岩似乎没有明显的向内陆方向的成分变化极性,可能与古太平洋板块在地幔过渡带的水平俯冲有关。地球化学数据表明,华北中生代岩浆岩可能主要形成于壳幔岩浆混合作用和随后的分离结晶过程．而不是形成于基性下地壳部分熔融作用。     

吉南地区古元古代双岔巨斑状花岗岩成因及其构造意义:岩石学、年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

双岔岩体位于华北克拉通东部陆块辽吉活动带内,岩性主要为巨斑状石榴石黑云母二长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该岩体形成于1890±21Ma。岩石A/CNK1.1属于强过铝质岩石,CaO/Na2O0.3,微量元素显示Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P的亏损,指示与弧岩浆的亲缘性。全岩同位素特征是:εNd(t)=-4.7~-4.1,ISr值介于0.7050~0.7110,εHf(t)值变化范围为-3.5~2.2,与~2.17Ga条痕状花岗岩和变粒岩-浅粒岩在1890Ma时的同位素组成大致吻合,指示其源岩应主要为成熟度较低的变质砂岩,主要源区为条痕状花岗岩和变粒岩-浅粒岩。双岔花岗岩具有较低的SiO 2含量(71%),较高的FeO T+MgO+TiO 2含量(除SC-1外都大于4%),较低的Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N比值及较高的Rb/Sr比值以及明显的Eu负异常,说明源岩可能有部分变质玄武岩卷入。Nd同位素模拟结果显示双岔巨斑状花岗岩的源岩中可有20%~30%的变质玄武岩。部分样品的Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值特征与泥质原岩相似,显示源区也有少量的泥质岩。岩石低的Al2O3/TiO 2比值及变质熔融残余的石榴石和夕线石,说明岩浆形成于高温中压环境,上涌的软流圈加热地壳使源岩发生部分熔融,是辽吉活动带由挤压向伸展转换的产物,标志着辽吉带古元古代造山作用的结束。     

U-Pb Zircon Age,Geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of Mafic Dykes from Eastern Shandong Province,Eastern China

U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr) i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd(t) values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere (mantle and lower crust).     

华北克拉通东北缘岩石圈深部物质组成的不均一性: 来自吉林南部中生代火山岩元素及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的证据

本文报导了吉林南部果松组和三棵榆树组火山岩的全岩K-Ar和角闪石40Ar/39Ar定年结果和岩石地球化学资料,并讨论了吉林南部早白垩世火山岩岩浆源区性质以及空间变异.定年结果显示,果松组和三棵榆树组火山岩的形成时代分别为130.2±0.3Ma和118.3±1.9Ma.果松组火山岩主要由玄武岩-玄武质粗面安山岩-粗面安山岩-英安岩组成;它们的SiO2含量介于46%～64%,Mg#介于31～50之间,Al2O3含量介于14.9%～18.9%之间,全碱含量(Na2O+K2O)介于4.61%～9.23%之间,属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性演化趋势;并以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和轻稀土元素(LREEs),亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSEs)为特征;(87Sr/88Sr)i值和εNd(t)值分别介于0.7065～0.7077和-2.67～-19.71之间.果松组火山岩的成分具有较好的空间变异趋势,由东向西,火山岩的基性程度增高,东部果松组火山岩具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值,而西部具有较低的εNd(t)值.三棵榆树组火山岩由粗面安山岩和粗面英安岩组成;三棵榆树组火山岩的SiO2含量介于55.5%～65.8%之间,Mg#介于42～50,Al2O3含量介于15.0%～15.7%,全碱含量偏高(Na2O+K2O=6.93%～9.24%),主体属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性系列的演化趋势;并以较高的Th/U(5.36～5.82)、Ba/Nb(50.2～120.0)、(La/Yb)N(32.9～47.9)和Sr/Y(50.0～72.4)比值为特征;它们的(87Sr/86Sr)i值和εnd(t)值分别变化于0.7056～0.7057和-8.99～-19.71之间.上述特征揭示,果松组火山岩(130Ma)的形成主要与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,岩浆来源于受流体/熔体交代的地幔楔,东西部受到不同程度陆壳物质的混染.与果松组火山岩相比,三棵榆树组火山岩(118Ma)形成于俯冲背景下的相对引张环境,岩浆来源于受交代的岩石圈地幔,但受到深部陆壳物质的混染.     

Post-collisional Plio-Pleistocene shoshonitic volcanism in the western Kunlun Mountains, NW China: Geochemical constraints on mantle source characteristics and petrogenesis

Major and trace element, Sr–Nd–Pb isotope and mineral chemical data are presented for post-collisional late Cenozoic shoshonitic volcanic rocks from the western Kunlun Mountains, NW China. They are distributed in two approximately E–W striking sub-belts, with the lavas in the southern sub-belt having been generated earlier than those in the northern sub-belt. The mineralogy of the rocks reflects crystallization from moderate temperature magmas (700–1000 °C) with high oxygen and water fugacities. They are geochemically characterized by relatively low TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and FeO and high alkalies coupled with very high contents of incompatible element concentrations. Remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies are displayed on primitive mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns. In addition, they show a relatively broad range of low ε_Nd (−1.8 to −8.7) at more restricted ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7081–0.7090). Pb isotopes are characterized by a range of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.48–15.74) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (38.30–39.12) ratios at relatively invariant ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.60–18.83) values, except one sample with a ratio of 18.262, leading to near-vertical arrays. The lavas from the northern sub-belt have relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. All lavas have extremely high La/Yb ratios, probably reflecting that the magmas were derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source containing phlogopite–hornblende garnet peridotite affected by subducted sediments and hydrous fluids, rather than from a depleted asthenopheric mantle source or mantle plume source. However, the lavas from the southern sub-belt were derived from a lower degree of melting of more highly metasomatized sub-lithospheric mantle in comparison with those from the northern sub-belt. Processes responsible for partial melting of metasomatized lithospheric mantle and post-collision magmatism in the western Kunlun could be a consequence of continuously conductive heating of upwelling, hot asthenospheric mantle following the delamination subsequent to thickening, which is consistent with the spatial and temporal geochemical variations in shoshonitic rocks in Tibet.     

Geochronology and petrogenesis of the post-orogenic Cu–Ni sulfide-bearing mafic–ultramafic complexes in Jilin Province, NE China

Northeastern (NE) China is a well-documented example of a collisional zone characterized by widespread post-orogenic granites and mafic–ultramafic complexes. Based on a study of the Hongqiling and Piaohechuan Cu–Ni sulfide-bearing mafic–ultramafic complexes in central Jilin province, we present geological, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data which indicates their post-orogenic origin.The Hongqiling complex comprises pyroxenite, olivine websterite, lherzolite, gabbro and leucogabbro. Zircon U–Pb SHRIMP analyses on a leucogabbro of the Hongqiling complex yield a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb–²³⁸U age of 216±5 Ma. The Piaohechuan complex is composed of gabbro, pyroxenite and dolerite, exposed as dikes. A plagioclase-bearing pyroxenite has a U–Pb zircon weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb–²³⁸U age of 217±3 Ma, identical to that of the Hongqiling complex. These ages are coeval with the emplacement of A-type granites in the area, but slightly younger than the regional metamorphism (240 Ma) and syn-orogenic granitic magmatism (246±4 Ma). This suggests that these mafic–ultramafic complexes are post-orogenic in origin. The age data also indicated a short period of lithospheric stabilization of about 30 Ma after cessation of orogenic activity.Geochemical investigation indicates that the primary mafic magma was a lithospheric mantle-derived basalt resulting from the upwelling of asthenosphere due to lithospheric delamination during post-orogenic processes. The magmatic source was contaminated by a small amount of crustal material, and subsequent crystal fractionation resulted in the Cu–Ni mineralization.The widespread occurrence of mafic–ultramafic complexes in the Xing'an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt of NE China and in the Altay–Tianshan–Junggar Orogenic Belt of Northern Xinjiang indicates that mafic intrusions are an important magmatic suite that evolved during post-orogenic processes. Portions of this mafic magma could have underplated the lower crust, and served as the heat source for associated late-stage granitic magmas.     

河北高寺台含铬超基性岩杂岩体成岩成矿时代及岩石成因

河北高寺台含铬超基性岩杂岩体产于华北克拉通北缘,具有环状分带的特征,核部为纯橄岩,向外依次为辉橄岩、辉石岩、角闪石岩,各岩相之间为过渡接触关系,在纯橄岩相中赋存有铬铁矿床。本文对该杂岩体的锆石年龄、Hf同位素和主量、微量元素进行了测试和研究。结果表明,随着基性程度的降低,各岩相岩石在主量元素特征上呈现连续的变化特征,Al₂O₃、TiO₂和K₂O逐渐升高,MgO含量逐渐降低;微量元素特征上配分曲线形态相似,具有富集Ba、K等LILEs,亏损Nb、Zr等HFSEs,稀土元素具一定程度的分异,无明显Eu异常的特征,说明各岩相为同源岩浆结晶分异作用的产物。通过对3件铬铁矿石和1件辉石岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,确定高寺台含铬超基性岩杂岩体的成岩成矿时代为213±1Ma,为晚三叠世,形成于华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞后的伸展阶段;年龄值介于214~211Ma之间的锆石的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值介于0.282589~0.282693之间,ε_Hf(t)介于-2.0~+1.6之间,说明高寺台含铬超基性岩杂岩体的岩浆源区组成为亏损地幔物质和富集地幔物质的混合,在岩浆上升过程中有大陆地壳物质的混染,其侵位时代晚三叠世可能代表了华北克拉通北缘岩石圈减薄的开始。高寺台杂岩体年龄测试样品中广泛存在继承锆石,其年龄值介于2800~244Ma之间,分布范围宽,但相对集中于2.6~2.5Ga、400~360Ma、300~280Ma、244Ma共4个年龄段,很可能是岩浆上升过程中的捕获锆石,记录了区域内在新太古代、中泥盆世、早二叠世、晚二叠世-中三叠世存在的岩浆活动。     

华北克拉通上地幔变形及其动力学意义

华北克拉通从稳定到破坏的演化过程对有关地球动力学的经典理论提出了挑战,研究其独特的演化历史是固体地球科学研究的一项重要内容。上地幔矿物晶体的各向异性记录了上地幔发生构造变形的信息,研究上地幔地震波各向异性能够揭示现今和构造历史时期所发生的构造运动。本文总结了近年来作者在华北克拉通地区所进行的高密度、覆盖广泛的地震波横波分裂观测研究结果。横波分裂的快轴方向与绝对板块运动方向的不一致,以及横波分裂参数快速的空间变化特征表明了华北克拉通的SKS横波分裂主要反映上地幔的变形。观测结果表明：鄂尔多斯块体保留了克拉通较弱的各向异性特征,其西端体现了元古代克拉通拼合的变形特征; 中新生代华北克拉通破坏事件以不同的机制主导了华北克拉通中部和东部的上地幔变形,在东部地区北西—南东向的拉张应力作用使得快轴方向平行于拉张方向,而在中部则因受到较厚岩石圈的阻挡使得地幔流动改变了方向,因此造成了北东和北北东向的岩石圈拉张。