一个应用于近景摄影测量的模型

模型建立是工程设计中的重要环节。本文描述了一个专门应用于近景摄影测量的算法，该算法基于人的行为来模拟手持摄影仪的姿态。本文给出了该算法和一个数值实例，尝试将该算法运用于ＣＡＤ系统，取得了令人满意的初步效果。     

近景摄影测量的控制

论述了近景摄影测量中实施控制的目的、分类与方法,提示可以多方法地建立物方空间坐标系,建议统一转角系统舒去地面摄影测量系统,指明控制的测定精度要求,提出建立特高精度工业控制网的理论与方法,总结了几种特殊的控制方法。     

多基线-数字近景摄影测量

根据交会精度与影像匹配自动化的需要,与当今航空数码相机沿航线方向视场角偏小的事实,阐述了大重叠、多基线摄影测量的必要性及其现实意义;重点介绍了利用非量测相机进行多基线的正直、交向摄影方法与数据处理的特点,特别是“多基线交向摄影”,通过多次、多相机对三峡工程地下电站尾水边坡进行拍摄试验,获得了传统非量测相机难以比拟的、非常满意的结果。     

多基线数字近景摄影测量在建筑工程中的应用

多基线数字近景摄影测量与传统近景摄影测量相比,具有短基线、大重叠度的特点,短基线使得相邻光束交会角较小,易于提高影像匹配精度;大重叠度使得首尾交会角较大,从而可提高空间点定位精度。该方法有效地解决了影像匹配、交会角和点定位精度三者之间存在的矛盾。首先,利用非量测数码相机进行多基线平行摄影,借助Lensphoto软件实现建筑物立面点坐标的量测,并将其与高精度莱卡全站仪测量结果进行精度对比,最后分析控制点个数与点位精度之间的关系。实验表明,多基线近景摄影测量在建筑工程测量中可以取得较高的点位精度,控制点个数的增加会提高点位精度,但存在一定极限。     

数字近景摄影测量中人工标志点快速自动匹配

针对数字近景摄影测量中的人工标志点快速自动匹配问题,提出了一种基于双片空间前方交会的匹配算法。首先,通过计算投影线间的最短距离确定一组初始匹配点;然后通过双片空间前方交会计算相应物方点坐标;最后反求该物方点坐标在其他像片上的像点坐标,通过比较该像点与初始匹配点的坐标差确定同名像点。两组实验均证明,该算法计算速度快,具有高匹配率和低误匹配率。     

近景摄影测量用于直接生成塑像施工图纸

对高 6.1 9m的塑像模型实施近景摄影测量以直接生成高 61 .9m铜表面塑像的施工图纸。本文报道此工程中建立精度为± 0 .0 5 mm的特高精度工业测量控制网、在解析测图仪上同时处理 4个像对、对塑像进行表面处理、统计塑像耗铜量以及直接提供铜塑像施工图纸等项研究成果。与相仿工程相比较 ,本工程的资金投入与耗时有大幅度的减少     

薄板加权残值法用于近景摄影测量

着重介绍了一种数值力学方法薄板加权残值法用于处理近景摄影测量问题。通过实验证实这种方法在减少已知点数、改正近景像片的系统误差及提高解算精度方面的有效性。实验中采用了各种标准图型的模拟数据 ,并结合生产实例 ,从各个方面进行了探讨 ,得出了可靠的结果     

The Use of Close Range Photogrammetry for Studying Ice Accretion on Aerofoil Sections

This paper describes the use of photogrammetry to measure and quantify ice accretion on an aerofoil section. A series of stereoscopic photographs was taken during the ice accretion on the section in an icing tunnel. From measurements made on these photographs with a Kern (Leica) DSR 14 analytical photogrammetric plotter, a series of three dimensional models of the ice surfaces was constructed. The results of the project are discussed and possible improvements in the methodology are suggested.     

对偶四元数近景影像空中三角测量法

提出了一种对偶四元数近景影像空中三角测量方法,利用对偶四元数统一表示光线束在空间中的螺旋运动,近景区域网内所有光线束的角元素用对偶四元数的实部表示,所有线元素以对偶四元数的实部和对偶部分共同表示,最终建立对偶四元数空中三角测量平差模型,实现内、外方位元素和模型点物方坐标的解算。选用真实影像和大姿态角模拟影像开展了空中三角测量试验,试验结果证明对偶四元数近景影像空中三角测量方法能获得较高的精度。     

Some Thoughts on the Emergence of Digital Close Range Photogrammetry

This presentation offers some thoughts on the emergence (that is essentially to say the commercial acceptance and exploitation) of close range digital photogrammetric systems. The discussion is restricted to systems based on standard photogrammetric processes involving digital frame imagery. Systems are classified into three tiers which are distinguished not only by accuracy and cost, but also by the degree to which a technology transfer has taken place from the specialist photogrammetrist to the non-specialist user. This technology transfer, it will be argued, has facilitated dramatic growth in the application of low accuracy, low cost three dimensional modelling systems in areas such as heritage recording, multimedia, process plant documentation and forensic photogrammetry. Along with automation, this technology transfer has also largely accounted for the wider use of high accuracy, high cost, off line and real time vision metrology systems in large scale industrial metrology. Rapid growth in these two system categories is then contrasted against the more modest advances being witnessed in the traditional close range photogrammetric service sector. Prospects for the future are also touched upon.     

An Application of Close Range Photogrammetry In Dolphin Studies

Dolphins are agile animals and are very difficult to measure at sea. However, for the conservation of threatened or endangered species, measurement may be vital because it allows a demographic analysis of the population. Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) is a rare species living only in coastal waters around New Zealand where it is studied from small boats. This paper describes a stereophotogrammetric technique developed to measure body length accurately at sea without having to capture the individual. Constant calibration with the use of a control frame allowed accurate body length measurements of dolphins to be made with this low cost system, with a measurement error of 4 per cent to 6 per cent of actual length.     

近景摄影测量的控制

论述了近景摄影测量中实施控制的目的、分类与方法,提示可以多方法地建立物方空间坐标系,建议统一转角系统舍去地面摄影测量系统,指明控制的测定精度要求,提出建立特高精度工业控制网的理论与方法,总结了几种特殊的控制方法。