Inventory of degraded lands of Palamau district, Bihar — A remote sensing approach

In this study, an attempt has keen made for the identification, categorisation and mapping of degraded lands in Palamau district of Bihar using remotely sensed data (IRS-1A, raise colour composite, on 1:50,000 scale), It was observed that water erosion is the main cause of land degradation affecting 6.27 per cent area of the district, of which 5.22 per cent is subjected to severe to very severe erosion and remaining 1.05 per cent is moderately to severely gulleid land Degradation due to rock quarries, mine spoils and dumps accounted for only 0.01 per cent of the district area. Degraded lands were mostly confined to agricultural areas (4.76%) follwed by forest lands (1.10%) and opert-scrub/pastures (0.42%), respectively, Subdivision-wise categorisation of degraded lands was also attempted for efficient location-speeific reclamation planning and easy monitoring.     

煤炭开采对泥河小流域土地利用及景观格局的影响

以淮南煤矿区泥河小流域1987、1994、2000、2006、2009、2013、2017年7期多源遥感影像为数据源,结合纹理和光谱特征,利用支持向量机（SVM）对遥感影像进行分类,在此基础上分析了煤炭开采对泥河小流域近30年土地利用和景观格局变化的影响。结果表明：煤炭开采影响下流域的土地利用变化最显著的特征是耕地和建设用地的相互转变及耕地向塌陷水体的转变,30年间塌陷水体和建设用地分别增加了2 281.05、14 741.73 hm²,耕地减少了15 044.67 hm²。采煤驱动下,流域景观格局变化特征体现在以2006年为转折点,前期呈现破碎化、不规则化、异质化和低连通性变化的特征,之后呈现连续化、规则化、均衡化及高连通性变化的特征。建设用地、耕地和塌陷水体经历了不断破碎化到景观逐渐完善的过程;耕地、建设用地和自然水体斑块形状较为复杂;耕地优势性逐渐减弱,最大斑块指数由79.706 0降为38.745 5,塌陷水体和建设用地的优势性增强。     

基于多源数据的山西省采煤沉陷区调查监测体系构建北大核心CSCD

为助力健全自然资源监测体制、落实生态文明建设各项要求、提供优质高效的用地保障服务,采煤沉陷区调查监测意义重大。本文基于多源遥感数据,结合传统测量和现代遥感技术,构建了山西省采煤沉陷区调查监测体系。研究结果表明,本文基本摸清了山西省采煤沉陷区分布情况,其总面积为6500 km^(2),与山西省矿区及采空区分布高度重叠;土地利用以林地、耕地及草地为主;土地损毁以轻、中度为主。受采煤沉陷的影响,拟搬迁村庄1221个,仍有400多个村庄未搬迁。     

Environmental aspects in Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine area,M.P. using digital image processing techniques

Landsat MSS (1982) and IRS LISS-II (1989) data have been used to study the land use/land cover changes in Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine area. Supervised classification has been performed on the temporal data to generate land use/land cover maps. Land use/land cover categories generated from IRS LISS-II data of 36 m resolution has been resampled to 80 m and areal statistics have been computed for 2, 4, 8 and 10 km wide strips around Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine. The environmental impact due to on-going mining activities in the area has been analysed. The results of this study indicate that due to increase in mine-related and agricultural activities, forests have been degraded and also forest areas have been reduced considerably.     

Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Land Use/Cover Changes; a Case Study in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Rapid land use/land cover changes have taken place in many cities of Turkey. Land use and land cover changes are essential for wide range of applications. In this study, Landsat TM satellite imageries date from 1987, 1993, 2000 and 2010 were used to analyse temporal and spatial changes in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Zonguldak and Eregli two largest and economic important cities which have been active coal mining and iron fabric areas. Maximum Likelihood Classification technique was implemented and the results were represented in classes of open area, forest, agricultural, water, mining, urban and pollution in the sea. Urban areas on both cities increased from 1987 to 2010. The agricultural and open areas from 1987 to 2010 decreased in parallel to land use and land cover change in both cities. Meanwhile, forest areas increased continuously with about 20 % from 1987 to 2010 in both cities. As industrial activity, the coal fields doubled from 1987 to 2010.     

Geospatial modelling of biological richness in Sunderbans

The present study attempts to assess the biological richness in Sunderban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) using a three-pronged approach i.e. satellite image (IRS 1D LISS-III) for vegetation/land use stratification, landscape analysis for disturbance regimes assessment and the disturbance regimes together with the ecosystem uniqueness, species richness and importance value for biological richness modelling. The study showed that four mangrove categories, viz., Avicennia, Phoenix, mixed mangroves and mangrove scrub, cover 23.21 per cent of the total geographical area of SBR. The largest area is occupied by mixed mangroves (18.31%). The overall accuracy of the vegetation/land use map worked out to be 91.67 per cent. The disturbance analysis revealed that the vegetation types were not much disturbed. Shannon-Weaver’s index of diversity was highest in case of mixed mangrove. The results revealed that 75 per cent forest area has high biological richness.     

大屯矿区测量控制网沿革与分析

大屯矿区建矿筹备到今已近40多年,矿区测量控制网为矿区的建设发展提供准确、可靠的基础数据,基本满足了矿区矿井建设施工的需要。随着经济发展及矿区建设的深入,矿区测绘工作者的新老更替,对原有矿区测量控制网的基本情况,控制网的演变、了解已知之甚少。针对矿区测量控制网现状分析、总结,并就矿区控制网(相对独立系统)提出建议。     

Land transformation in Punjab — A case study of Kapurthala district

The map showing the extent of salt affected and sand dune soils was prepared at 1:50,000 scale using Landsat TM data for March 1987 and compared with the soil map of Kapurthala district based on 1965 aerial photographs and semi detailed survey of the district during 1975–76. The study revealed that in a span of 22 years (1965 to 1986) the area of sand dunes decreased from 22.7 per cent to 2.3 per cent and that of salt affected soils from 20.95 per cent to 4.38 per cent respectively as a consequence of reclamation of salt affected soils and clearing and levelling of sand dunes. Salt affected soils after reclamation have been brought under paddy-wheat rotation. Whereas sand dunes after clearing and levelling, have been brought under wheat or wheat -rice/fodder/oilseed crops.     

Assessment of degraded lands of Vidarbha Region using remotely sensed data

Degraded lands in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra were assessed using remote sensing technique. District wise land degradation maps were generated on 1:25,0000 scale through visual interpretation of lRS 1A data supported by limited ground survey. It was observed that degraded lands occupy nearly 2.1 million ha or 21.5 per cent of the total geographical area. The analysis of district wise land degradation statistics indicate that. Yavatmal and Akola districts are graded as having most problematic lands in the region. Nagpur, Amravati, Buldana and Wardha districts are categorised as moderately problematic, whereas Gadchiroli, Chandrapur and Bhandara are districts having least problem of degradation. Among the major land forms, the largest degraded area is associated with undifferentiated plain accounting for 1.1 million ha or 12 per cent of the total area of region, which is mostly under cultivation. It thus follows that problem of degradation is more rampant in agricultural land than forest/waste lands.     

Landuse/land cover mapping and change detection using satellite data — a case study of dehlon block, district Ludhiana, Punjab

The land use information collected for Dehlon block of Ludhiana district, Punjab from the analysis of the IRS-1B LISS-II data for the year 1993 and IRS PAN data for the year 1997 and SOI topographical maps for 1964 revealed a large change in the area of different land use categories during the period from 1964 to 1997. The agricultural land covering an area of about 94.14 per cent in 1964 reduced to 90.26 per cent in 1997. while the area under rural settlements increased from 312 ha in 1964 to 1162 ha in 1997. An extra area of about 169 ha under waste land was added during the period under study making total waste land area to about 400 ha in 1997. However, the block lacks the forest cover of the required limit. Considerable change in living environment was observed in the block. Number of persons per unit settlement area (ha) being 213.3 in 1964 reduced to 97.1 in 1991; it indicate that the living standard of the people of the block has improved with the changed cropping pattern and increased agricultural production during the period from 1964 to 1991.     

煤矿关闭前后土地利用RS与GIS动态监测

采用遥感和GIS技术来监测矿区土地利用动态情况,对于矿区土地资源合理利用、科学管理和综合治理具有重要的意义。本文从数据的获取、遥感影像处理、年度变化信息提取、土地利用转移矩阵的建立等过程来分析土地利用RS与GIS动态监测过程。研究结果表明煤矿关闭前土地利用类型之间相互转换明显,呈现出建设用地和水域面积增加的趋势;关闭后水域面积趋于稳定,而农用地增加,土地利用集约化水平得到提高。总体来说矿区土地利用粗放,没有一个合理的土地利用结构方向,缺乏一个土地利用总体规划,但通过长期复垦整治,在一定程度上缓解了当地人地矛盾。     

无人机在露天矿山监测中的应用

在露天矿山开采过程中,对矿山进行实时动态监测很有必要,它不仅能够实时掌握开采进度和开采方案实施的准确性,还有利于数字矿山建设。本文以河北省保定市涞源县某露天矿区为例,利用Pix4Dmapper软件对无人机航拍影像进行数据采集与处理,获取矿区的三维点云数据、数字正射影像和数字地表模型,并利用ArcGIS和Global Mapper软件对生产成果进行矿山开发占地分析,实现露天矿山三维可视化。本文为准确掌握矿山环境治理执行情况,把握矿山开发整体情况给予了有力的参考和借鉴作用。     

Utility of satellite data for land evaluation in land use planning for a part of Northern Karnataka

The study reported herein deals with the utility of satellite remote sensing techniques for land evaluation for agricultural land use planning. False colour composite of Landsat imagery in the scale of 1:250,000 was visually interpreted for physiography that formed the base for mapping soil and land resources in the field. The small-scale soil map thus prepared has thirteen map units with association of soil families. Soil and land resource units shown on these small-scale maps were evaluated for their suitability for growing sorghum crop by matching the relevant land qualities against the land requirements for sorghum. The land evaluation carried out for growing sorghum crop in the study area revealed that about 38.6 per cent is highly suitable (S1), 31.5 per cent moderately suitable (S2) and 24.5 per cent marginally suitable (S3). An area of about 5.4 per cent is not suitable, of which 3.0 per cent is currently not suitable (N1) and 2.4 per cent permanently not suitable for growing sorghum crop.     

基于RS的平顶山市土地利用动态变化研究

平顶山市作为典型的资源型城市(以煤炭、耕地发展起来),是人地关系作用最强烈的区域之一,也是土地利用发生急剧变化且具有特色的区域。为此,基于平顶山市城区1994年TM和2002年ETM+两个时段的遥感图像,获取不同时期的土地利用信息,求取土地利用转移矩阵,分析土地利用的时空变化特征和变化规律,并从土地利用面积变化、动态度、耗减度、开发度等方面对土地利用变化进行分析。研究发现:煤炭开采、城市发展对平顶山市土地利用变化具有重要的影响;8年间,该地区耕地、林地大幅减少,城市用地、工矿用地、荒草地大幅增加;减少的耕地主要转化为荒草地、工矿用地、城市用地,减少的林地主要转化为荒草地;受北部矿区条件的影响,市区发展主要朝东、西、南三个方向。     

Opencast Coal Mining Induced Defaced Topography of Raniganj Coalfield in India - Remote Sensing and GIS Based Analysis

With the advent of mining activities at Raniganj coalfield in India, the natural topography has been defaced in some elongated tracts by either excavation or dumping. This paper deals with opencast mining induced defaced topography of Raniganj coalfield, which needs to be reclaimed properly right after mining. This paper investigated intensity of defacing topography, magnitude of topographic deformations through a number of ex-situ measurement. Consequences of these topographic deformations are also investigated in this study. Through a number of ex-situ measurement based on Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, generating contour and profiling them over the spoil dumps and excavated lows using fine resolution digital elevation data (Remote Sensing image), a total 132 (85 are abandoned and 47 are working) patches of defaced topography have been identified, which covers 43.26 sq km. surface area. Some working opencast quarries are more than 95 m deep, with an area of more than 2.4 sq km and dumped ridges are more than 60 m high (peak), with area more than 1.5 sq km. In case of abandoned mine (more than 20 years) some quarries are more than 28 m deep with area 0.99 sq km. and some of dumped ridges are more than 28 m high (peak), with area 0.29 sq km. These kinds of defaced surface remain for a long time, such quarries contain acidic logged water and spoil dump leads to acid mine drainage and erosion of loose soil particle. It deteriorates the entire land, water system of the region. The study suggests restoring land right after mining and the area made to be ecologically conformable.     

基于TM影像的北京城乡结合部土地利用变化分析

利用遥感分类技术能够快速获取土地利用变化信息。基于1996年和2006年两时相的北京城乡结合部地区TM卫星影像数据,采用监督分类和分类后处理方法,对研究区10年间的土地利用变化情况进行了详细分析,得到如下结论:10年间北京城南地区城乡结合部的各种土地利用类型之间相互转化,并以耕地,林地和建设用地相互转化最为显著;耕地和大范围水域面积较大幅度减少,城市居民点及工矿用地和未利用土地面积大幅度地增加,城乡结合部的范围在10年间从北向南进行了大范围地移动。     

Land suitability studies for major crops in Pavagada taluk,Karnataka using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Pavagada taluk of Tumkur district in Karnataka is one of the most backward taluks receiving less than 500 mm annual rainfall. The maximum area of the taluk is under monocropping, reasons for the same were not documented well. The present study was carried out using remote sensing data along with field survey and laboratory analysis for assessing the potentials and limitations of soil. Using the basic information on soil, climate and topography based on the matching exercise between the growth and production requirements of the crop, suitability of soils for groundnut, paddy and finger millet was assessed as per FAO land evaluation. The soil suitability maps were prepared using Arc GIS software. About 48 per cent of the total area was moderate to marginally suitable and 13 per cent of the area was not suitable for both groundnut and finger millet. Lowland areas covering 12 per cent of the area was highly suitable, 15 per cent was moderate to marginally suitable and 20 per cent was not suitable for paddy cultivation.     

半干旱矿区沉陷地土地复垦模式研究

根据矿区土地复垦方案设计与规划的方法与技术,在研究半干旱矿区独特的自然地理条件的前提下,根据相关生态修复原理和方针,提出适宜该类矿区发展的土地复垦模式,并且以陕西大柳塔-活鸡兔矿区为例,列举了几种适宜本矿区的土地复垦模式.同时结合最新的科学研究成果给出了一些建议.     

郑州城市空间扩展特征及其驱动因素分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对郑州市1976-2004年城市建成区面积进行了动态监测,并对郑州28 a来城市空间扩展特征和驱动因素进行了分析。结果表明,郑州市建成区从1976-2004年面积增加了5.81倍,平均每年扩展10.75 km^2。其扩展占用的土地利用类型主要是耕地,其次为农村居民点和其他建设用地,还有一些林地、水库和沼泽地。社会经济因素是建成区扩展的内在推动力,经济发展、政策和规划等是建成区扩展的主要驱动力。通过郑州建成区遥感监测,了解城市空间扩展规律,对正确处理城市扩展与占用土地的关系具有重要意义。     

大冶铁矿国家矿山公园规划实践

大冶铁矿的开发利用在为我国的钢铁事业作出巨大贡献的同时,也给矿区的地表环境、森林资源带来了很大的破坏。矿山公园的规划实施可极大地改善矿山环境,为矿山的可持续发展提供较好的途径。