年轻星体（YSO）红外氢谱线流量特征及其应用

在年轻星体星周致密ＨＩＩ区非局部热动平衡模型基础上，本主要计算了年轻星体红外氢谱线流量及流量比。计算发现在Ｐｆγ／Ｂｒα与Ｂｒγ／Ｂｒα之间，Ｐａ７／Ｂｒα与Ｂｒγ／Ｂｒα之间有很好的线性相关性，这一关系与星周物理参数基本无关。利用这一理论关系可以估计ＹＳＯｓ的前景消光。另外，我们认为只要合理地选择中央星及星风的物理参数，例如质量损失率及星风速度等，年轻恒星的谱线过量问题就可以得到合理的解释。     

星际γ射线谱线辐射流量的估算和来源探讨（Ⅱ）：—新星,SNIa的贡献和…

运用四种星体空间分布模型和新星（及ＳＮＩａ）的最新核物理数据，计算了它们所产生的（５条）γ射线谱线辐射流量及核素丰度。结果表明，如果只根据“物理因子”上限，新星可能成为＾２６Ａｌ的主要来源之一，然而由于核素丰度值的要求，新星模型本身仍存在难以克服的困难，另还指出，谱线轮廓的研究也将为本文探讨的问题提供重要判据。     

受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星物质损失率测定

对观测到的受星风或膨胀气壳包围的双星系统的PCyg谱线理论分析可精确测定其星风物质损失率．我们在计算这类星的理论谱线时，考虑了氢氦混合气体的多能级跃迁、轨道运动引起的密度非径向分布等因素，对轨道形状做了简化，所得结果是令人满意的．     

低质量AGB星重元素的核合成

本文以（１３）Ｃ（α，ｎ）（１６）Ｏ作为中子源，考虑到恒星核心质量随热脉冲数的变化及星风、超星风质量损失的影响，采用从（５６）Ｆｅ到（２１０）Ｂｉ的无分支ｓ过程反应通道，拟合了ＭＳ、Ｓ的重元素超丰．本文特别将恒星质量与ＡＧＢ内Ｓ过程核合成模型结合起来讨论．结果表明质量较大的恒星因对流较强而稀释因子较大，ＭＳ、Ｓ星在轻、重Ｓ元素丰度关系图中分别落入四个不同区域，由此可以粗略估计这些恒星的质量．２．５Ｍ　的ＡＧＢ星形成具有环状空腔的星体，最后演化成Ｔｃ—ｎｏ单星，可以解释双星系统伴星为主序星的ＡＧＢ星无Ｔｃ现象．     

Blazar多波段有效谱指数关系研究

从相关文献中获得Fermi耀变体(blazar)的射电(R)1.4 GHz、光学(O)4.68×10~(14)Hz、X-ray(X)1 ke V和γ-ray(γ)1 Ge V辐射流量密度,计算了上述波段两两之间的6个有效谱指数α_(RO)、α_(RX)、α_(Rγ)、α_(OX)、α_(Oγ)、α_(Xγ).研究了blazar总样本及其子类FSRQ(Flat Spectral Radio Quasar),蝎虎天体(BL Lac)含高同步峰频BL Lac(HBL)和低同步峰频BL Lac(LBL)样本的任意两个有效谱指数之间的关系.结果表明:(1)除HBL样本及α_(OX)与α_(Rγ)之间关系外,两两有效谱指数之间均存在较强的相关,这种相关可用4个波段能谱分布的结构关系得到解释;(2)在有效谱指数相关的散点图中,FSRQ与LBL分布在相同的区域,但HBL与FSRQ(LBL)分布在不同的区域;(3)在不同的有效谱指数相关散点图中,HBL与FSRQ(LBL)分布的分离程度(区分度)不相同,这种区分度与决定2个有效谱指数的频率有关.     

发射线星系[OⅡ]λ3727/Hα谱线流量比的研究

利用从斯隆数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey,简称SDSS)第4次释放的光谱数据中选取的10~5个发射线星系样本,研究了[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα流量比与星系尘埃消光、气体电离态和金属丰度的关系.发现尘埃消光改正对[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα谱线流量比影响显著,消光改正前、后的[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα谱线流量比的中值分别为0.48和0.89;尘埃消光改正后,F([O_Ⅱ]λ3727)-F(Hα)的弥散显著减小.贫金属星系的[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα谱线流量比随星系气体的电离度增高而减小,而富金属星系不存在这种关系.另外,[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα流量比与星系金属丰度相关.当12+lg(O/H)8.5时,星系[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα流量比随金属丰度增加而下降;12+lg(O/H)8.5的星系,谱线流量比与金属丰度正相关.最后,利用气体电离度参数和星系的金属丰度,给出了计算不同类型星系[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα流量比的公式.LAMOST望远镜将观测到大量红移z0.4的星系光谱,利用该公式可以给出星系的[O_Ⅱ]λ3727/Hα流量比,从而可以利用[O_Ⅱ]λ3727谱线流量计算z0.4星系的恒星形成率.     

IRAS 23385+6053中的年轻星体外向流活动及气体热特性

对ＩＲＡＳ ２３３８５＋６０５３进行了~(１２)ＣＯ Ｊ＝ １—０的成图观测,获得的谱线具有较宽的线翼,显示出其中高速气体的存在,证认其为外向流．对外向流参数及其驱动源的分析表明,它是一个与大质量年轻星体相关的高质量、高能量的外向流．利用ＣＯ谱线测量作为Ｔ_(k)的探测手段,对环境气体的热特性也进行了研究．Ｔ_(Ｋ)和Ｔ_(Ｄ)的比较表明,靠近这个红外源处不满足标准的Ｇｏｌｄｒｅｉｃｈ－Ｋｗａｎ能量图像,对其可能存在的加热机制进行了讨论．     

W40中分子云的能量交换过程

本文对W40(G28.8 3.5)中分子云的主要能量交换过程进行了研究。利用~(12)CO、~(13)CO分子谱线及红外观测资料,估算了W40中分子云的基本物理参数,并进而计算了它的气体冷却率、气体加热率、尘埃冷却率和尘埃加热率。并且通过对计算结果的分析,讨论了W40中分子云的气体、尘埃及嵌入红外源三者之间的能量制约关系。     

γ噪Blazar天体的复合谱指数研究

收集了66个有γ射线噪的Blazar在高态下的多波段流量数据,研究了Blazar复合谱指数之间的相关性.分析了BL Lac天体和平谱射电类星体(FSRQs) 复合谱指数之间的相关性.结果表明(1)高态下Blazar的复合谱指数与αr,ir与αir,γ、αr,ir 与αo,γ、αr,o与αo,x、αr,o与αo,γ之间有强相关性,αr,x与αx,γ之间有强负相关性.(2)平谱射电类星体(FSRQs)在高态下αr,o与αo,x、αr,o与αo,γ有强相关性.(3)BL Lac天体在高态时αr,o与αo,γ之间有强相关性,αr,x与αx,γ、αir,x与αx,γ有强负相关性.(4)γ射线很可能产生于同步自康普顿(SSC)过程.     

活动星系核中的铁线起源于Cerenkov线状发射的再论证--光薄情况下的模型计算

详细讨论了流行的“反射盘-光电吸收-荧光线”模型在解释活动星系核(AGN)的中、低价铁的Kα线起源时面对观测的困难，进一步指出新认识的谱线发射机制--Cerenkov线状辐射有可能是产生AGN铁Kα线的主要机制．并论证等离子体中氢对折射率的负影响可以忽略不计，计算了光薄情况下的Cerenkov铁Kα线发射，并与观测做了比较．进一步证实了新机制的合理性，并由此给出黑洞附近物理状态的新图景。     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

Active hot star shells

Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells. Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fitting X-ray Afterglow Light curves of Gamma-ray Bursts by Using the Magnetar Energy Injection Model

The central compact object for some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be a strongly magnetized millisecond pulsar. It can inject energy to the outer shock of the GRB by through the magnetic dipole radiation, and therefore causes the shallow decay of the early afterglow. Recently, from a large number of GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift/XRT(X-ray telescope), it is revealed that many of them exhibit the shallow decay about 10²∼10⁴ s after the burst prompt emission. We have fitted the X-ray afterglow light curves of 11 GRBs by using the energy injection model of a magnetar with the rotation period in the millisecond order of magnitude. The obtained result shows the validity and universality of the magnetar energy injection model in explaining the shallow decay of afterglows, and simultaneously provides some constraints on the magnetic field strength and rotation period of the central magnetar.     

我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器研制进展

数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS).文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性.与原有的模拟设备(Anal...