晚泥盆世牙形石动物卵细胞的三维保存

在处理广西上泥盆统牙形石样品的过程中 ,笔者在广西桂林垌村和横县六景两个剖面的同一层位中发现了大量的微球粒 ,经过多方研究后认为 ,该微球粒与以往报道的硅质、铁镍质和磷质微球粒不同[1 ,2 ] ,很可能是牙形石动物在排卵期排出的卵细胞 ,类似于现代的鱼卵 .其大小 2 50 μｍ左右 ,呈球状、椭球状 ,部分微球粒表面具脐状或对称型脐状浅凹 .在球切面上微球粒的球核、球幔和球壳分异清楚(图版Ⅱ ) .显微激光拉曼光谱微区分析表明 :球核、球幔和球壳的共有成分是磷、碳 ,特有成分是铁主要存在于球核和球幔中 .这种成分特征与动物卵细胞在成…     

黄铁矿微球丛及其发育：一种新的概念机制

业已提出，沉积黄铁矿的两种形态，（微球丛（ｆｒａｍｂｉｄ）和自形晶）可以反映黄铁矿形成的两种截然不同的途径。微球丛是通过铁的单硫化物间接形成的，而自形晶则是溶液中直接沉淀而成的。本文提出了将这两种形成途径串联起来的第三种途径，即从单硫化物微球粒经这微球丛到自形单晶的连续生长。还提示了微球丛可能是从最小的复杂的显微微球丛（ｍｉｃｒｏｆｒａｍｂｉｄ）→微球丛→聚微球球丛（ｐｏｌｙｆｒａｍｂｏｉｄ）这三     

云南中三叠世罗平生物群中首次发现牙形石齿串

通过对云南罗平中三叠统关岭组二段产罗平生物群的大凹子剖面进行厘米级牙形石样品的精细采样、处理与鉴定分析, 发现了丰富的牙形石齿串, 并拼绘出一个较完整的牙形石多分子器官属(P₁、S₀、S₁、S_2/3和M).成对的片形Neospathodiform形态分子占据P₁位置; 单个指掌状的Cypridodelliform形态分子占据S₀位置; 成对的Enantiognathiform、Hindeodelliform与Cypridodelliform形态分子分别占据器官属的S₁、S₂、S₃和M位置.      

深海锰结核—核形石的新类型

对东太平洋深海锰结核用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜进行了研究。结果表明其由核心和叠层石包壳组成,具有核形石特有的结构和构造。因此,深海锰结核是一种锰质核形石。根据包壳中叠层石的种类,东太平洋锰质核形石可分为两种类型:一种表面光滑,内部致密,包壳主要由微小叠层石组成;另一种表面呈瘤状,内部疏松,包壳主要由奇异叠层石组成。透射电镜研究表明,锰质核形石的建造者是纳米级超微生物。其中微小叠层石(Minima)是由中华微放线菌(Miniactinomyces chinensis sp.nov.)建造的;奇异叠层石(Admirabilis)是由太平洋螺球孢菌(Spirisosphaerospora pacifica sp.nov.)建造的。     

球粒状(綠)帘石的结构特征与成因

球粒状(綠)帘石产出于四川雷波基性火山碎屑岩的晶洞或层间裂隙中,与其共生的有石英、赤铁矿等矿物.镜下研究表明,绿帘石至少有2个世代,第一世代(綠)帘石呈浅(綠)色的针状体,集合体为菊花状;第二世代(綠)帘石呈暗(綠)色的柱状或楔形,集合体为球粒状或椭球状.它们都由球核与球枝两部分组成,两者间有明显的接触界线,表明球核与球枝不是同时结晶的产物,而是有先后形成关系.EPMA分析表明绿帘石成分中普遍含有较高的SrO(0.51%～1.13%),与其共生的水晶晶体的流体包裹体测温及拉曼光谱分析表明,气液包裹体主要由H2O及微量CH4组成,,(綠)帘石属低温(164～177℃)与低盐度(7.31%～7.73%)的热液产物.(綠)帘石的球粒是在低温、过饱和度大、环境条件转变时快速结晶形成的.     

上地幔Os同位素组成的演化

Re-Os同位素体系为研究地幔的成分-结构-演化提供了新的地球化学示踪和定年的工具.上地幔Os同位素组成演化的球粒陨石模型是Re-Os体系用于地幔物质定年的基础, 尤其在采用Re亏损模式年龄和Os同位素代理等时线年龄时.综合了铁陨石和各类球粒陨石、地幔橄榄岩包体和蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿的Re-Os同位素体系研究的近期成果, 为认识对流上地幔Os同位素组成的演化提供了制约.对河北遵化蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿岩的研究, 获得新太古代(2.5 Ga)时形成豆荚状铬铁矿的对流上地幔的187Os/188Os=0.110 2, 与球粒陨石型模式的一致.文献中常用的球粒陨石模式的参数如下: 地球形成时(4.558 Ga)初始值187Os/186Os为0.095 31, 现代值分别采用碳质球粒陨石的187Os/186Os比值为0.127 0和原始上地幔(PUM)的187Os/186Os比值为0.129 6, PUM与普通球粒陨石和顽火球粒陨石的187Os/186Os比值接近.      

湖北秭归庙河震旦系陡山沱组—灯影组界线层内微球粒的发现？…

在湖北秭归庙河震旦系剖面陡山沱组－灯影组界线层内首次发现了微球粒。这些微球粒多为黑色、浅褐色,呈圆球形,椭球形,直径５０～１００μｍ。通过波谱分析,微球粒主要为石质球,即磷灰石球和硅质球。扫描电子显微镜照片显示出微球粒复杂的显微构造特征。一般认为微球粒有地外和地内两种成因。庙河地区微球粒的发现,为研究界线时期地质事件提供了新的资料。     

矿用牙轮钻头球齿干涉原因分析

分析了牙轮钻头安装和磨损间附引起牙轮相对牙爪轴线的平移和倾斜对相邻锥体上球齿间隙的影响,通过计算,当牙轮、牙爪轴线轴向、径向平移使球齿的趋近量有４抵消的趋势,而滚柱轴承磨损量大于径向滑动轴承时磨损量时,引起牙轮、牙爪轴线相对偏斜,使大端径向球齿趋近量增大,是发生球齿干涉的主要原因。     

球粒状緑帘石的结构特征与成因

球粒状緑帘石产出于四川雷波基性火山碎屑岩的晶洞或层间裂隙中,与其共生的有石英、赤铁矿等矿物。镜下研究表明,緑帘石至少有2个世代,第一世代緑帘石呈浅緑色的针状体,集合体为菊花状;第二世代緑帘石呈暗緑色的柱状或楔形,集合体为球粒状或椭球状。它们都由球核与球枝两部分组成,两者间有明显的接触界线,表明球核与球枝不是同时结晶的产物,而是有先后形成关系。EPMA分析表明緑帘石成分中普遍含有较高的SrO(0.51%~1.13%),与其共生的水晶晶体的流体包裹体测温及拉曼光谱分析表明,气液包裹体主要由H2O及微量CH4组成,,緑帘石属低温(164~177℃)与低盐度(7.31%~7.73%)的热液产物。緑帘石的球粒是在低温、过饱和度大、环境条件转变时快速结晶形成的。     

河南省林县发现下奥陶统牙形石

牙形石是已经灭绝的海生动物残留的微体化石,它于1856年由俄国人潘得尔首次发现,近二十年来越来越受到地层和古生物工作者的重视.牙形石研究已成为寒武纪至三叠纪七个地质时代海相地层研究中不可缺少     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)