The Role of a Digital Intelligent Camera in Automating Industrial Photogrammetry

In the past few years the automation of digital industrial photogrammetric systems has increased dramatically. Due to digital image processing software, coded targets and automatic matching methods, a huge number of photogrammetric measurement tasks can be fully automated. In many cases a "one button click" is enough to provide the three dimensional co-ordinates of measured points without any manual interaction, immediately after acquiring the images. The technology of intelligent cameras is a logical step towards automated photogrammetric measurements. An intelligent camera, which has an integrated computer, analyses the image immediately after it is taken. This technology provides not only a much shorter processing time for the images but also more control over the measurement process just when it is needed, during image acquisition. This takes place in the form of real time feedback.
This paper describes the role of a digital intelligent camera in the automation of an industrial photogrammetric measurement system and gives an overview of existing automation techniques in industrial photogrammetry. As an example of an intelligent camera, the performance of the new INCA digital intelligent camera, developed and manufactured by Geodetic Services, Inc. (GSI) and distributed by Leica, is described.     

基于神经网络的点状地图符号识别

地图符号识别是地图成图自动化的一个重要研究方向,但是传统的地图符号识别方法已经不能满足数字地图发展的需要,迫切需要一种用自动化技术代替人工数字化的作业方式[1].因此地图符号的识别是整个技术的关键,而点状地图符号的识别更是地图符号识别的基础.本文探讨和研究了基于神经网络的点状地图符号识别.     

Some Thoughts on the Emergence of Digital Close Range Photogrammetry

This presentation offers some thoughts on the emergence (that is essentially to say the commercial acceptance and exploitation) of close range digital photogrammetric systems. The discussion is restricted to systems based on standard photogrammetric processes involving digital frame imagery. Systems are classified into three tiers which are distinguished not only by accuracy and cost, but also by the degree to which a technology transfer has taken place from the specialist photogrammetrist to the non-specialist user. This technology transfer, it will be argued, has facilitated dramatic growth in the application of low accuracy, low cost three dimensional modelling systems in areas such as heritage recording, multimedia, process plant documentation and forensic photogrammetry. Along with automation, this technology transfer has also largely accounted for the wider use of high accuracy, high cost, off line and real time vision metrology systems in large scale industrial metrology. Rapid growth in these two system categories is then contrasted against the more modest advances being witnessed in the traditional close range photogrammetric service sector. Prospects for the future are also touched upon.     

数字天顶摄影仪确定垂线偏差及其精度分析

给出了数字天顶摄影仪的基本结构和垂线偏差测量的基本算法,结合仪器和测量过程,分析了垂线偏差测量误差。数字天顶摄影仪的自动化程度和测量精度都高于传统的天文大地测量。     

Photogrammetric Solutions for Industrial Automation and Process Control

Digital photogrammetric systems have been introduced to solve various measurement problems in industrial applications for many years, ever since high resolution CCD cameras and powerful computer technologies have been available. For a successful implementation of a digital photogrammetric system into the production line, not only does the actual measurement task have to be solved but also a complete integration of the system into the production process usually has to be supplied by the system manufacturer. Three examples of successful implementations of photogrammetric systems for industrial automation and process control are presented in this paper.     

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming "Steep Edge" Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate "photo-realistic" views. In this paper, a method based on reforming "Steep edge" curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.     

基于AutoLISP的数字地形图塔基断面自动提取程序设计

随着电力事业的发展,架空送电线路电力勘测塔基断面显得十分重要,同时也是结构专业塔基基础设计的参考依据.文中分析目前电力勘测塔基断面获取的方法和DXF文件的编码格式,利用实测的大比例尺数字塔基地形图,基于AutoLISP编程实现数字塔基、地形图塔基断面自动提取存储的方法.提取的塔基断面数据与实测数据对比,证明方法具有可靠性、准确性、自动化程度高等特点,满足设计要求,弥补传统塔基断面数据获取的不足,提高数据处理效率.     

栅格DEM微地形分类的BP神经网络法

栅格DEM微地形分类是数字地形精细化应用的基础,基于规则化知识的栅格DEM微地形分类方法存在自动化程度低、分类残缺等问题。本文利用BP神经网络的优势构建了栅格DEM微地形分类的人工智能方法与实现途径。以山体部位分类为微地形分类典型样例进行试验验证与分析,试验结果表明,栅格DEM微地形分类的BP神经网络法较已有的地形因子叠加分析方法存在明显优势,不仅在流程上可避免烦琐的数据叠加分析过程,而且分类结果的完整性和错分率都得到有效改善;在山体部位分出的6种微地形中,冲积地对该方法适应性最强,准确率为100%,背坡的适应性最弱准确率为89.23%。     

浅谈大比例尺数字测图的生产实践与认识

数字测图的基本思想是将地面上的地形和地物要素转换为数字量,然后由电子计算机对其进行处理,得到内容丰富的电子地图,需要时由图形输出设备(如显示器、绘图仪)输出地形图或各种专题图。数字测图就是要实现丰富的地形信息和地理信息数字化和作业过程的自动化或半自动化。本文就北京规划市区1:500地形图更新测绘工程中应用数字测图技术的生产流程以及对数字测图的认识浅谈一下想法。     

摄影测量测图的全数字化道路

摄影测量自动化可以通过数字化来实现。然而,大量数据处理的速度和影象相关的可靠性却是有待解决的关键问题。本文提出的全数字化测图方案具有如下特点:(1)有效地利用空中三角测量资料于数字影象定向和灰度的核线排列,从而减轻计算工作量;(2)兼顾可靠性与精度两方面,采取了合理的二维目标区形式;(3)采用多重判据的新方法代替通常的单一判据,以获取可靠的影象区配;(4)通过视差信号处理剔除粗差;(5)可在数字纠正制作正射影象地图中加入汉字注记。     

Crack measurement: Development,testing and applications of an automatic image-based algorithm

The paper presents an Image-based Method for Crack Analysis (IMCA) which is capable of processing a sequence of digital imagery to perform a twofold task: (i) the extraction of crack borders and the evaluation of its width across the longitudinal profile; (ii) the measurement of crack deformations (width, sliding and rotation). Here both problems are solved in 2-D, but an extension to 3-D is also addressed. The equipment needed to apply the method is made up of a digital camera (or a still video-camera in case a high frequency in data acquisition is necessary), an orientation frame which establishes the object reference system, a pair of signalized supports to be placed in a permanent way on both sides of the crack to compute deformations; however, permanent targets are mandatory only for case (ii). The measurement process is carried out in a fully automatic way, a fact also that makes this technique highly operational for unskilled people in engineering surveying or photogrammetry. The accuracy of the proposed method, evaluated in experimental tests adopting different consumer digital cameras, is about ± 5–20 μm, like the accuracy of most deformometers, but with the advantage of automation and of augmented achievable information; moreover, the image sequence can be archived and off-line measurements could be performed at any time.     

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming “Steep Edge” Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate “photo-realistic” views. In this paper, a method based on reforming “Steep edge” curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.     

作战测绘保障理论研究与探讨

针对作战测绘保障在作战指挥中的地位与作用、理论体系、方法手段等进行探讨 ,提出了构成作战测绘保障学的理论基础和技术理论 ,并指出现阶段我军自动化测绘保障系统的主要实现途径是 :战区军事地理信息系统、数字地形分析平台和战场环境仿真与指挥辅助决策系统。     

应用MicroStation软件实现地形图光栅图像的校正

测绘生产内外业一体化数字技术在数据的精度、图件的规范整洁等诸方面显示了巨大优势,在光栅地形图的基础上利用先进的计算机技术,对其进行数字化处理将其转化为数字地形图,光栅图的校正占据着重要地位。以河南某区地形图为例,概略叙述MicroStation软件在地形图光栅图像校正中实现的方法和步骤。实验表明:该方法简单、准确,为地形图矢量化工作的全面自动化奠定了基础,是一种有效的光栅图像校正方法。     

由计算机产生的等距离区域分界线

本文介绍一种最近由作者在美国研制的,由计算机产生等距离区域分界线的程序及其数据结构,同时给出初步的试验结果。     

从科索沃战争看数字地图在现代高技术战争中的作用

分析了科索沃战争中美军测绘保障状况, 特别是数字地图在指挥自动化、武器控制和数字化战场建设中所起的重要作用, 提出从５ 个方面加强军事测绘高技术研究, 为打赢未来高技术局部战争提供强有力的测绘保障。     

基于工作流的海图生产管理系统设计

针对目前海图生产管理信息化和自动化程度落后的现状,本文在对工作流相关技术进行分析基础上,结合海图生产管理流程的特点,给出了海图生产管理系统的具体设计,并运用工作流管理工具myApps进行了系统实现.系统设计合理、使用方便,满足对海图生产流程的有效监管和调度.     

一个广义非线性最小二乘迭代算法及其在多维多时态多精度数据处理中的应用

本文针对当今各国高层领导和科学家十分关注并大力倡导的“数字地球”、“数字国家”、“数字城市”、“数字矿山”等科学工程构建中遇到的大量的多源、多维、多类型、多时态、多精度并具有非线性特征的数据处理,针对数据测量采用多种观测手段采集多源、多维、多类型、多时态、多精度数据,数据处理的函数模型中不仅仅含有非随机参数,而且含有随机参数,其随机参数又常常为动态的等特点,建立了广义非线性动态最小二乘数据处理模型。针对该模型规模大、维数高的特点,借鉴多变量函数寻优的“变量轮换法”或“因素交替法”的思想、结合BFGS算法,建立了一交替寻优的解算方法,该算法将大规模的优化问题分解为两个较低规模的优化问题进行解算,降低了问题的规模,减少了计算量。     

Smart 3D数据的三维模型重建

针对Smart 3D生成的实景三维模型是一个三角网集合,并不能直接应用于数字城市建设、土地利用管理与城市规划的问题,该文提出了Smart 3D数据三维模型重建的方法:研究了基于分割过滤方法,提取高精度数字高程模型;基于参数化建模、纹理重建方法构建了建筑物三维模型。利用敦化市的倾斜影像进行了实验。实验结果表明:三维重建模型精度高、效果好、提高了自动化的程度,实现了城市建筑物模型的单体化。     

A CSCW system for building reviewing by integrating GIS with OA

1 lntroductionIt is the main task of urban development controlin China to review buiIding applications submittedby public agencies or private citizens, regardingnew buildings or concerning existing building withor without change in their original functions. Theprocess is a collaborative work by a group of urbanpIanning staffs and land managers who are workingwith different departments of the organization.There are three ingredients for improving the workefficiency, i. e., agile cornrnunicatio…