流体包裹体的研究进展

前人对流体包裹体进行了大量研究,本文在此基础上,系统阐述了流体包裹体的各种分类方案和主要的研究方法,重点介绍了包裹体在研究油气藏烃源岩排烃史、油气形成时物化条件、油气运移演化、成藏期次和时间等方面的应用,以及在矿床类型、成矿流体来源、成矿条件、成矿物质搬运及成矿机制研究中的应用新进展。大量的研究表明,流体包裹体在理论、原理和方法等各个方面都取得了很大的发展,并逐渐在地质领域发挥其重要作用,已经成为解决某些地质问题的重要手段。     

大厂锡矿的成矿流体

本文详细研究了矿带内流体包裹体特征,测定了不同类型包裹体在冷热状态下相的转变点温度,利用有关的NaCl-H_2O体系、CO_2-NaCl-H_2O体系相图获得了矿带内不同类型矿床成矿的温度、压力等物理、化学参数。通过包裹体成分和同位素研究,阐明了成矿流体的性质、来源及其演化特征,探讨了成矿流体的沸腾和不混溶作用以及它们对成矿所作的贡献。估测了矿化深度和盲矿体存在的可能性。     

NaCl-H2O-CO2体系人工合成流体包裹体实验研究

NaCl- H2O-CO2体系流体是热液成矿系统中最常见的流体之一,针对该体系相关特征的研究对理解热液矿床的成矿机制和过程、成矿流体特征等具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文利用愈合人工水晶裂隙的技术,开展100 MPa、800℃条件下NaCl-H2 O-CO2体系流体的人工合成包裹体实验,并对其物理化学性质进行了初步探讨.通过对合成的包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温以及喇曼光谱分析,结果表明,在实验温压条件下合成的包裹体捕获了既定组成的流体;人工合成NaCl- H2O-CO2体系流体包裹体与天然流体包裹体具有相似的特征,可以作为天然包裹体的参照物应用于流体包裹体及地质流体的研究,特别是在评价CO2在热液矿床成矿过程中的作用方面,NaCl-H2O-CO2体系人工合成包裹体具有广阔的应用前景.     

桃山大布铀矿床成矿流体特征

正花岗岩型铀矿床是重要的铀矿类型,国内外学者提出了多种花岗岩型铀矿的成矿机理。地质流体的来源、运移和卸载是厘定铀成矿过程的重要指标。流体包裹体是地质时期流体的"活化石",关于流体包裹体的特征研究是探讨成矿流体特征以及成因的重要分析手段(苟学明等,2017)。目前缺乏对大布铀矿床成矿流体特征的深入研究,笔者通过对大布矿床成矿期流体包裹体的显微观察、测温、气相成分、同位素分析等,总结了大布矿床的成矿流体特征,初步探讨了成矿流体来源。     

单个流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS成分分析及在矿床学中的应用

流体对于热液矿床成矿过程起着十分重要的作用,而古成矿流体最直接的代表是流体包裹体,流体包裹体研究是了解与成矿有关的一系列问题的重要钥匙。单个流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析是了解成矿流体成分特征的最重要手段之一。文章简要介绍了单个流体包裹体成分LA_ICP_MS分析技术及待测样品选取等方面的问题,重点归纳了流体包裹体成分LA-ICP-MS分析在矿床学中的主要应用,如成矿流体的特征、成矿流体的来源、成矿流体演化历程、诱发金属沉淀的原因、岩浆_热液矿床中金属的来源、元素在不同相中的分配、模拟计算。最后为LA-ICP-MS对单个流体包裹体成分测试的前景做了简单的展望。     

鸡笼山矽卡岩金(铜)矿床地质矿产特征、物质来源及成矿机制研究

文章在区域地质和矿床地质研究的基础上,从流体包裹体、微量元素、稳定同位素、稀土元素等方面进一步探讨了成矿流体演化规律、成矿物质来源和成矿机制。     

沉积盆地流体包裹体研究的理论与实践

流体包裹体作为地质流体研究的重要手段,在沉积盆地油气成藏条件分析和有机/无机矿产共存、共生关系研究中起着不可替代的作用。本文以鄂尔多斯北部、塔里木东北部、辽西-冀北坳陷中-新元古界等地的油气藏、砂岩型铀矿为例,通过流体包裹体岩相学、偏光-荧光特征、显微测温、显微傅里叶红外和包裹体同位素定年技术,结合盆地构造、地层埋藏史、热演化史等资料,探讨了流体包裹体在定性、定量分析有机/无机矿产的成矿流体性质、来源、期次、流体运/聚时空及油气成藏演化等方面的应用。     

包裹体对流体成矿过程研究的作用

<正>1包裹体与成矿流体包裹体是成岩成矿溶液在矿物生长过程中包裹在矿物晶格缺陷中的物质,从包裹体研究获得成矿流体温度、压力、同位素的示踪测得来源与年代等。流体是成矿过程中主要的载体,从流体演化到成矿的不同阶段所捕获的包裹体的性质是不同的,因此,用包裹体研究流体的性质是重要的方法。     

流体包裹体再平衡机制及其影响因素

<正>流体包裹体直接记录了地质过程中古流体的性质信息和古温压状态,是分析成矿过程、成岩作用、盆地演化等地质过程流体环境信息的重要手段。未经受改造的包裹体组合(FIA)可以用作地质温度计;但是目前已有研究证实沉积盆地成岩环境下包裹体会发生再平衡,并会导致包裹体不能代表原始捕获条件,较早发育的、浅埋藏的原生包裹体可以被完全改造,并充填上后期埋藏流体。所以,如何识别流体包裹体再平衡,以及解释造成再平衡的地质因素是研究者们需要面对的问题。本文总结了流体包裹体再平衡机制,     

云南澜沧老厂多金属矿床隐伏斑岩流体包裹体研究

云南澜沧老厂多金属矿床是三江成矿带南段最重要的多金属矿床之一,为研究其成因,对其开展了系统的地质及成矿流体特征研究。根据矿脉穿切关系,热液成矿过程可分为4个阶段。流体包裹体岩相学研究结果表明,矿床主要发育3类包裹体:Ⅰ型富液的两相包裹体、Ⅱ型富气的两相包裹体、Ⅲ型含子晶的三相包裹体。显微测温显示成矿流体从早期到晚期呈现从高温高盐度流体向低温低盐度流体演化的趋势,成矿流体在演化过程中的冷却作用是矿床沉淀成矿的主要因素。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.