华北克拉通后太古宙碎屑沉积岩地球化学研究

通过３０个组合样品的分析,研究了华北克拉通古元古代到第三纪的碎屑沉积岩地球化学变化。结果表明,华北克拉通后太古宙沉积岩组成并不均一。元古宙沉积岩组成变化较大,元古宙以后的沉积岩Ｅｕ／Ｅｕ,ω（Ｃｒ）／ω（Ｔｈ）,ω（Ｓｃ）／ω（Ｔｈ）和ωＳｍ）／ω（Ｎｄ）等元素质量分数比值较低,具有的后太古宙沉积岩的典型特征,三叠纪泥质岩的上述元素比值明显增大,相容元素质量分数很高,表明其源区有较多镁铁质组分加入     

华北克拉通碎屑沉积岩地球化学:异常太古宙—元古宙界线的初步研究

分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。     

沉积岩物质成分所蕴含的地球深部信息

沉积岩的稀土元素、微量元素、Ｓｒ同位素和Ｎｄ同位素等物质成分中蕴含着与地壳构造演化密切相关的地球深部信息。当盆地发育处于拉张裂陷时期,盆地基底不太稳定,沉降比较快,且常有来自地球深部的幔源物质进入沉积盆地。来自地球深部的沉积物源,其成分和性质与来自陆源的完全不同,这种物源加入到沉积盆地中,必然导致沉积物中元素地球化学体系的异常。与正常陆源沉积岩相比,通常表现为,在经球粒陨石标准化后的稀土元素分布模式中,Ｅｕ负异常减小甚至消失,ｗｎ（Ｔｂ）／ｗｎ（Ｙｂ）值增高,ｗ（Ｔｈ）／ｗ（Ｓｃ）值、ｗ（Ｔｈ）／ｗ（Ｕ）值、ｗ（Ｌａ）／ｗ（Ｓｃ）值明显降低,Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ等铁镁质元素含量增高,Ｎ（８７Ｓｒ）／Ｎ（８６Ｓｒ）值低,而ε（Ｎｄ）值将明显增高。沉积岩物质成分中的这些特征,可作为判断沉积物受深部幔源物质影响的重要证据。     

华北克拉通基性火山岩高场强元素对Ar—Pt界限及新 …

华北克拉通不同时代基性火山岩存在向富集方向演化的趋势,并出现明显的Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界面和新生代异常,元古宙基性火山岩比太古宙富集大部分高场强元素（ＨＦＳＥ）和轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）,ＲＥＥ分异程度显著增加,而且相容性接近的不相容元素（如Ｎｂ,Ｔａ）的相对不相容性发生了改变,新生代玄武岩ＨＦＳＥ及Ｎｉ高度富集,ＲＥＥ强烈分异,δ（Ｅｕ）值最高,Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界面可能与地幔熔融时期物理条件（如氧逸度）的改变和地     

华南扬子与华夏陆块古-中元古代基底地壳微量元素地球化学示踪探讨

从早期宙以垂向分异增长为主的思路出发,将华南扬子陆块和华夏陆块变质基底中相似岩类（陆源碎屑岩、变基性火山岩夹层和晋宁期花岗岩类）作为研究对象,选择了相容性接近的７对元素（Ｒｂ／Ｃｓ、Ｓｒ／Ｂａ、Ｔｈ／Ｕ、Ｎｂ／Ｔａ、Ｚｒ／Ｈｆ、Ｐｄ／Ｐｔ和Ｃｒ／Ｎｉ）作为示踪手段,对华南大陆古－中元古代基底的物源特征和后期演化进行了探讨,得出了几点初步认识：（１）扬子、华夏两陆块前元古宙“原始”地壳具有相近的物质     

华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论

华北克拉通基底可分为三个太古宙微陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个早元古宙活动带(孔兹岩带、华北中部带和胶-辽-吉带).这些构造单元具有不同的变质作用时间和P-T演化特征.东部陆块和阴山陆块晚太古宙基底岩系的变质作用发生在～2.5Ga,变质演化以等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映变质作用的成因与大规模地幔岩浆底侵有关.孔兹岩带主期变质作用发生在～1.95Ga,变质演化以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映阴山陆块与鄂尔多斯陆块碰撞形成西部陆块的热构造过程.华北中部带变质作用发生在～1.85Ga,变质演化同样以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映了西部陆块和东部陆块最终碰撞形成统一的华北克拉通基底的构造过程.早元古宙胶-辽-吉带变质作用表现‘双变质带'特征:西北带的北辽河群、老岭群和粉子山群的变质作用以中压顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,而东南带的南辽河群、吉安群和荆山群的变质作用以低压逆时针P-T演化为特征.华北克拉通基底变质作用演化地质图能更好地反映上述不同构造单元的变质作用演化特征.尽管岩浆弧、大陆裂谷和地幔柱模式都能解释东部陆块晚太古宙基底变质作用所具有的近等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T演化特征,地幔柱模式能够更合理解释东部陆块所存在的宽达800千米而时代近于相同的晚太古代火成岩带、大量科马提质超镁铁质岩石和双峰式火山岩、广泛发育的穹窿构造等.华北克拉通变质基底中具有石榴石-单斜辉石-斜长石-石英组合的高压基性麻粒岩和具有蓝晶石-钾长石组合的高压泥质麻粒岩的出露只局限在早元古宙华北中部带的北段和胶-辽-吉带的南端;这些高压麻粒岩形成在俯冲和陆-陆碰撞的构造环境中.西部陆块孔兹岩带含假蓝宝石麻粒岩是碰撞后(～1.92Ga)拉伸引发地幔岩浆底侵导致局部地带发生超高温(UHT)变质作用的产物.     

华北陆块对Rodinia超大陆的响应及其特征

研究揭示华北陆块1300-1000Ma和800-650Ma都存在比较弱的岩浆-变质事件，它们可能对应于华南陆块的碰撞（四堡运动）和裂解事件。华北陆块的四堡期蛇绿混杂岩可能只见于新元古代秦岭造山带中。秦岭造山带北缘识别出了一些花岗质分清入体，它们具有碰撞或碰撞后花岗岩的特征。华北陆块北缘的火山沉积岩生活费不具有离散边界杂岩的特征，它们可能揭示了大陆边缘或者大陆伸展过程。华北陆块与800-650Ma事件相关的岩石主要为来自富集地幔的基性岩墙和来自陆内裂谷的沉积岩，它们很可能与Rodinia裂解有关。沉积学和古生物学特征表明元古宙华北陆块不同华南陆块，而与西伯利亚陆块相似。据此可以认为华北陆块是Rodinia超大陆的一部分，它位于超大陆的边缘，可以不与华南陆块紧邻，而与西伯利亚陆地较近。     

华北克拉通基性火山岩高场强元素对Ar-Pt界限及新生代地幔源区特征的示踪

华北克拉通不同时代基性火山岩存在向富集方向演化的趋势,并出现明显的Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界限和新生代异常．元古宙基性火山岩比太古宙富集大部分高场强元素（ＨＦＳＥ）和轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）,ＲＥＥ分异程度显著增加,而且相容性接近的不相容元素（如Ｎｂ,Ｔａ）的相对不相容性发生了改变．新生代玄武岩ＨＦＳＥ及Ｎｉ高度富集,ＲＥＥ强烈分异,δ（Ｅｕ）值最高．Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界限可能与地幔熔融时物理条件（如氧逸度）的改变和地幔富集作用有关．新生代玄武岩独特的地球化学特征可能主要反映了地幔源区的特殊性———“似ＯＩＢ型”富集地幔,其形成既可能有携带远洋沉积物的俯冲古老玄武岩洋壳部分熔融残余的贡献,也可能有直接循环（如通过拆沉作用）的陆壳物质的贡献,同时还可能涉及了地幔柱活动的影响．     

陕西商县—丹凤地区丹凤群变质玄武岩的微量元素和同位素地球化学

丹凤祥变质玄武岩可以分为两类：一类是ＬＲＥＥ富集型的钙碱性玄武岩，另一类是ＬＲＥＥ平坦型的拉斑玄武岩。ＬＲＥＥ富集型的变质玄武岩［（Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ为５～２０］贫Ｔｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ，Ｔｈ＞Ｔａ，Ｎｂ／Ｌａ＜０．８，Ｈｆ／Ｔｈ＞８，Ｚｒ／Ｙ＜３，表明其形成于消减带之上的洋内岛弧环境。该玄武岩的εＮｄ（ｔ）＝＋４．９～＋７．３，εＳｒ（ｔ）＝３．０～＋３２，可能是亏损地幔端元（ＤＭＭ）与第二类富集地幔端元（ＥＭⅡ）混合形成的。大多数玄武岩的（２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ）ｉ比值（１６．５～１７．６）较低，（２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ）ｉ和（２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ）ｉ比值（分别为３６．２～３６．９和１５．３～１５．５）较高，ε１８Ｏ变化较大（５．５‰～９．２‰）。因此，根据微量元素和同位素地球化学资料，丹凤群变质玄武岩的源区可能包括下述组分：１）亏损的软流圈地幔（ＤＭ）；２）富集地幔（ＥＭ）；３）洋内岛弧下地壳（镁铁和超镁铁质岩）；４）消减带岩片带入的组分。而ＬＲＥＥ亏损的拉斑玄武岩具ＭＯＲＢ的特征，Ｔｈ／Ｔａ和Ｌａ／Ｔａ比值近似等于１，ＴｉＯ２＝１．６５％，Ｔｉ／Ｖ＝２２，指示来自亏损的软流圈地幔，形成在与消减作用无关的拉张     

华北克拉通东南部太古宙英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩形成及演化

华北克拉通是世界范围内少数保存有大量太古宙英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩（TTG）及多期次岩浆事件记录的克拉通之一,相关研究对揭示全球太古宙时期壳—幔动力学演化过程具有重要的指示意义。本文在华北克拉通东南部归纳总结了52个太古宙时期TTG岩石样品的有效地球化学资料。根据地区与岩石成因差异,将样品主要分为三类：霍邱、五河地区低铝、低压型TTG岩石,鲁西（C带）、丰县张河地区中铝、中低压型TTG岩石以及登封地区高铝、高压型TTG岩石。华北克拉通东南部的TTG片麻岩经历了两期明显的地壳生长事件：2. 95~2. 70 Ga,2. 58~2. 48 Ga（峰值为约2. 52 Ga）。主、微量数据表明,华北克拉通东南部的TTG片麻岩主体源于低钾镁铁质岩石的部分熔融,并且源区可能受到来自于壳—幔相互作用的影响。其中,霍邱、登封地区的TTG分别受到流体、熔体交代作用;鲁西和张河地区则同时受到熔体和流体交代作用。霍邱地区TTG片麻岩形成于约2. 70 Ga,成因可能受鲁西地区地幔柱垂向构造的影响;太古宙末期,鲁西及张河地区与登封地区TTG片麻岩的形成具有一定联系,主要表现为受洋内岛弧地体侧向的洋内俯冲与弧陆碰撞增生控制,并经历了区域麻粒岩相变质作用。     

华北克拉通破坏前的状态——对讨论华北克拉通破坏问题的一个建议

中生代华北克拉通破坏是目前引人关注的研究课题。鉴于目前一些文章在表达克拉通状态时引用的地质图件不准确,忽略了华北克拉通从古至今的不同阶段的演化,不能正确的表达克拉通在破坏之前或之后的状态,本文强调华北克拉通破坏前的状态是研究的重要基础。华北克拉通是经历过多期克拉通化形成的。     

扬子克拉通后太古宙碎屑沉积岩地球化学及其构造意义

系统分析了扬子克拉通从中元古代到白垩纪不同时代8个碎屑沉积岩的主量元素和微量元素成分.这8个样品的REE分配模式与全球典型细粒碎屑沉积岩PAAS、NASC、ES及全球平均大陆上地壳一致.志留纪—泥盆纪样品以高w (La) /w (Co)、w (La) /w (Sc)、w (Th) /w (Co)、w (Th) /w (Sc) 比值为特征, 物源上表现出北秦岭的特征, 表明扬子克拉通曾与华北克拉通南缘的北秦岭在志留纪—泥盆纪对接.      

Elemental and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains

Systematic results of major and trace element geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry on detrital sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Triassic in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains are presented. The rocks are classified into greywackes or feldspar sandstones, grains of which are the mixtures of mafic rocks, felsic rocks, and quartz+calcite. Total rare earth elements (REE) contents of the rocks increase gradually and negative Eu anomalies become more obvious from Precambrian to Triassic, which may indicate intensifying crustal anatexis. Tectonic setting was stable during the Late Paleozoic, therefore there are obvious negative Ce anomalies. Nd model ages are between 1.6 Ga and 2.4 Ga, which are very similar to those of the Yangtze craton, South Qinling and North Qinling belts and quite different from those of the North China craton. Therefore, provenance of the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen Mountains was the Yangtze craton and/or the Qinling orogen, which evolved on the basis of the Yangtze craton. The correlation between provenances and tectonostratigraphic strata of the western Yangtze craton shows that the source materials should be primarily from Neoproterozoic. Secondary sources were Archean and Paleoproterozoic strata. Triassic clastic sedimentary rocks contain Late Paleozoic mantle-derived materials, represented by the Emeishan Permian flood basalts. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in the east and the north and depositing areas of deep water were in the west and the south for the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic. Translated from Geology in China, 2006, 33(1): 109–118 [译自: 中国地质]     

Lanthanides and highly mobile elements in sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks as indicators of the tectonic activity in the platform basement: An example of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif

The Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios can serve as indicators of zones permeable to ascending fluid fluxes that mark time spans when the kinematics of faults in the basement changed (extension and compression phases). The Eu/Eu* ratio is more informative, the variations in the Eu/Sm ratio are correlated with transgressions in the territory of the anteclise, and the variations in the Ce/La ratio could be caused by both metasomatic processes and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. In the Voronezh anteclise, whose sedimentary cover is relatively thin and provides no evidence of catagenetic processes, high As concentrations and Eu/Eu* ratios of sedimentary rocks can be utilized as indicators of deep zones of fluid generation centres. Comparable average Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the platform cover and metasediments of Proterozoic banded iron formations (BIF) confirm that the tectonic environments in which sedimentary units of various age were accumulated were similar.     

Neoproterozoic zircon inheritance in eastern North China craton (China) Mesozoic igneous rocks: derivation from the Yangtze craton and tectonic implications

We propose that inherited Neoproterozoic zircons in Mesozoic igneous rocks from the eastern portion of the North China craton (NCC) were initially derived from the Yangtze/South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduced these zircons into the NCC was likely tectonic underplating during Triassic continental subduction/collision of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. The addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the exotic zircons, probably along the Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC crust, led to the crustal thickening of the NCC. These sialic materials contributed significantly to the Mesozoic igneous rocks, either as source rocks or as contaminants of magmas generated during an extensional environment following crustal thickening. Crustal thickening was spatially linked to lithospheric thinning, with both occurring mainly in the eastern segment of the NCC, suggestive of an intrinsic relationship between thickening and thinning events during Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

U–Pb zircon geochronology,geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the age and origin of basaltic porphyries from western Liaoning Province,China

Basaltic porphyries from the northeast North China craton (NCC) provide an excellent opportunity to examine the nature of their mantle source and the secular evolution of the underlying mantle lithosphere. In addition, the study helps to constrain the age and the mechanism of NCC lithospheric destruction. In this paper, we report geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of a suite of mafic lavas. Detailed laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating yielded an age of 223.3 ± 1.1 million years, which we regard as representing the crystallization age of the basaltic porphyries. The bulk-rock analysed samples are enriched in both large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (i.e. Ba, Sr, and Pb) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but depleted in high field strong elements (HFSEs) (i.e. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), without significant Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?= 089–0.98). The basaltic porphyries have undergone low degrees (～5%) of partial melting of a garnet-bearing lherzolite mantle. The rocks display very uniform (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i (0.70557–0.70583) and negative ?_Nd (t) values (–11.9 to –10.1). These features indicate that the western Liaoning basaltic porphyries were derived from a common enriched lithosphere mantle that had previously been metasomatized by fluids related to subduction of Palaeo-Asian sedimentary units. However, the mafic melts were not affected to a significant degree by crustal contamination. Based on earlier studies, these findings provide new evidence that the northeast margin of the NCC had undergone a phase of post-orogenic extensional tectonics during the Middle Triassic. Furthermore, lithospheric thinning occurring across the northern NCC might have been initiated during Early Triassic times and was likely controlled by the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean, as well as the collision of Mongolian arc terrenes with the NCC.     

Linking continental deep subduction with destruction of a cratonic margin: strongly reworked North China SCLM intruded in the Triassic Sulu UHP belt

The collision between the North and South China cratons in Middle Triassic time (240–225 Ma) created the world’s largest belt of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. U–Pb ages, Hf isotope systematics and trace element compositions of zircons from the Xugou, Yangkou and Hujialing peridotites in the Sulu UHP terrane mainly record a ~470 Ma tectonothermal event, coeval with the Early Paleozoic kimberlite eruptions within the North China craton. This event is interpreted as the result of metasomatism by fluids/melts derived from multiple sources including a subducting continental slab. The peridotites also contain zircons with ages of ~3.1 Ga, and Hf isotope data imply a component ≥3.2 Ga old. Most zircon Hf depleted mantle model ages are ~1.3 Ga, suggesting that the deep subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern margin of the North China craton experienced a intense mid-Mesoproterozoic metasomatism by asthenospheric components, similar to the case for the eastern part of this craton. Integrating data from peridotites along the southern margin of the craton, we argue that the deep lithosphere of the cratonic margin (≥3.2 Ga old), from which the Xugou, Yangkou and Hujialing peridotites were derived, experienced Proterozoic metasomatic modification, followed by a strong Early Paleozoic (~470 Ma) tectonothermal event and the Early Mesozoic (~230 Ma) collision and northward subduction of the Yangtze craton. The Phanerozoic decratonization of the eastern North China craton, especially along its southern margin, was not earlier than the Triassic continental collision. This work also demonstrates that although zircons are rare in peridotitic rocks, they can be used to unravel the history of specific lithospheric domains and thus contribute to our understanding of the evolution of continental cratons and their margins.     

中国西秦岭碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

西秦岭是北接华北克拉通、西接祁连与柴达木、南接松潘—甘孜地块的东秦岭造山带的西延。文中研究了该区从前寒武纪到三叠纪的碎屑沉积岩。这些碎屑沉积岩中分离出的锆石由LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)进行了U-Pb定年。全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄类似于扬子克拉通年龄,主要分布于1.55~1.98Ga,峰值为1.81Ga,而与华北克拉通主要为古元古代与太古宙的模式年龄形成明显的对比。泥盆系中的碎屑锆石930~730Ma的U-Pb年龄指示其与扬子克拉通具亲缘性。930~730Ma是源区地壳的强烈增长阶段。二叠系—三叠系的碎屑沉积岩主体以含老于1600Ma的碎屑锆石为特征。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Sm-Nd同位素组成指示此时华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石成为二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩的重要物源。扬子克拉通在三叠纪时与华北克拉通拼接。西秦岭二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩含有高达50%的华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石。     

中条山中生代镁铁质侵入岩年代学与地球化学:对华北克拉通南部岩石圈地幔性质的制约

镁铁质岩石作为幔源岩浆产物,其成因研究有助于探讨华北克拉通深部地幔性质及其演化过程.对中条山地区镁铁质侵入岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主、微量元素、全岩Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素研究,揭示了晚三叠世(217±2 Ma)和早白垩世(121±2 Ma)两期镁铁质岩浆活动.晚三叠世镁铁质侵入岩SiO2含量低至...