Age constraints on the late Quaternary evolution of Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau

Dating and geomorphology of shoreline features in the Qinghai Lake basin of northwestern China suggest that, contrary to previous interpretations, the lake likely did not reach levels 66-140 m above modern within the past ∼ 90,000 yr. Maximum highstands of ∼ 20-66 m above modern probably date to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. MIS 3 highstands are undated and uncertain but may have been at or below post-glacial highs. The lake probably reached ∼ 3202-3206 m (+ 8-12 m) during the early Holocene but stayed below ∼ 3202 m after ∼ 8.4 ka. This shoreline history implies significantly different hydrologic balances in the Qinghai Lake basin before ∼ 90 ka and after ∼ 45 ka, possibly the result of a more expansive Asian monsoon in MIS 5.     

青藏高原第四纪钾盐矿时空分布特征 及成矿控制因素

青藏高原是中国钾盐的重要产地,钾盐矿产主要分布在柴达木盆地和羌塘高原内陆湖盆区,从北到南盐湖水化学类型具有明显的分带,柴达木盆地区盐湖水化学类型为硫酸镁-氯化物型,钾盐矿产具有成盐多期性,以卤水钾盐为主,固液并存;羌塘高原内陆湖盆区盐湖水化学类型为碳酸盐-硫酸盐型,钾盐主要存在于卤水中。在综合分析青藏高原钾盐矿产时空分布的基础上,进一步分析青藏高原钾盐矿产成矿的控制因素有成矿物质来源、构造地貌及气候,其中成矿物质主要来源于地层和深部水的补给,构造地貌决定物质的搬运富集,气候决定矿产的形成和保存。     

青藏高原中南部前寒武系及古生界岩石地层组成和时代特征

对青藏高原中南部北羌塘、南羌塘、冈底斯、仲巴、喜马拉雅和昌都6个地区前寒武系及古生界岩石地层的组成和时代特征进行分析,总结了117个群组级岩石地层单位的岩性组合和时代特征,梳理地层划分对比中存在的相关问题。通过调查认为,前人划定的前寒武纪基底大多不再具有典型的变质或结晶基底特征,北羌塘可能具有相对稳定的基底,下古生界包括部分奥陶系和志留系,上古生界不整合在下古生界之上,发育早泥盆世晚期地层及中—上泥盆统、上石炭统和二叠系。南羌塘地区基底性质不明,下古生界以“残块”形式出露在玛依岗日一带,上古生界在南羌塘地区西部和东部一带表现样式不同,在西部日土一带具稳定沉积特点,东部双湖一带为“基质+块体”的俯冲增生杂岩。冈底斯地区,拉萨地块(中部)和聂荣微地体具前寒武纪基底,新元古代末—寒武纪发育一套“双峰式”火山岩,奥陶系可能不整合在前奥陶系之上,奥陶纪—二叠纪均为海相(或海陆过渡相)沉积。仲巴微地体自下而上可由上震旦系—寒武系片岩构造层、奥陶系—泥盆系变质碳酸盐岩构造层、石炭系—二叠系构造层组成。喜马拉雅地区具有较稳定的前寒武系结晶基底,中奥陶世—晚二叠世均沉积一套海相地层。昌都地区可能存在前寒武系基底,下古生界仅零星出露下奥陶统和志留系,上古生界除乐平统与瓜德鲁普统之间为假整合接触外,其余均为较连续的海相沉积地层。     

Tectonics and Topography of the Tibetan Plateau in Early Miocene

Early Miocene stratigraphy, major structural systems, magmatic emplacement, volcanic eruption, vegetation change and paleo-elevation were analyzed for the Tibetan Plateau after regional geological mapping at a scale of 1:250,000 and related researches, revealing much more information for tectonic evolution and topographic change of the high plateau caused by Indian-Asian continental collision. Lacustrine deposits of dolostone, dolomite limestone, limestone, marl, sandstone and conglomerate of weak deformation formed extensively in the central Tibetan Plateau, indicating that vast lake complexes as large as 100,000–120,000 km2 existed in the central plateau during Early Miocene. Sporopollen assemblages contained in the lacustrine strata indicate the disappearance of most tropical-subtropical broad-leaved trees since Early Miocene and the flourishing of dark needleleaved trees during Early Miocene. Such vegetation changes adjusted for latitude and global climate variations demonstrate that the central Tibetan Plateau rose to ca. 4,000–4,500 m and the northeastern plateau uplifted to ca. 3,500–4,000 m before the Early Miocene. Intensive thrust and crustal thickening occurred in the areas surrounding central Tibetan Plateau in Early Miocene, formed Gangdise Thrust System(GTS) in the southern Lhasa block, Zedong-Renbu Thrust(ZRT) in the northern Himalaya block, Main Central Thrust(MCT) and Main Boundary Thrust(MBT) in the southern Himalaya block, and regional thrust systems in the Qaidam, Qilian, West Kunlun and Songpan-Ganzi blocks. Foreland basins formed in Early Miocene along major thrust systems, e.g. the Siwalik basin along MCT, Yalung-Zangbu Basin along GTS and ZRT, southwestern Tarim depression along West Kunlun Thrust, and large foreland basins along major thrust systems in the northeastern margin of the plateau. Intensive volcanic eruptions formed in the Qiangtang, Hoh-Xil and Kunlun blocks, porphyry granites and volcanic eruptions formed in the Nainqentanglha and Gangdise Mts., and leucogranites and granites formed in the Himalaya and Longmenshan Mts. in Early Miocene. The K2O weight percentages of Early Miocene magmatic rocks in the Gangdise and Himlayan Mts. are found to increase with distance from the MBT, indicating the genetic relationship between regional magmatism and subduction of Indian continental plate in Early Miocene.     

青藏高原西北缘第四纪火山岩的年龄、地球化学特征及意义

对青藏高原西北缘普鲁北钾质火山岩进行40Ar-39Ar定年得到的最新年龄为0.81Ma±0.21Ma。火山岩的SiO2含量为53.08%~55.12%,全碱含量为7.36%~8.04%,K2O/Na2O比值为1.17~1.2,属橄榄安粗岩系列。岩石以高度富集LREE、LILE(K、Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等)和高度亏损HREE、HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti等)元素为特征。岩石具高的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.7088~0.7089)和低的εNd值(-6.05~-5.54),表明火山岩源区为EMⅡ型的经古俯冲作用改造的大陆岩石圈富集地幔。同时,其Ti/Y、Zr/Y、La/Rb、Zr/Rb、K/La、Pb/La比值类似于板内洋岛玄武岩(OIB),可能暗示岩浆源区经历过软流圈流体或者深部流体对古俯冲地幔楔的叠加交代作用。普鲁北钾质火山岩为青藏高原西北缘晚新生代陆-陆碰撞造山深部岩石圈拆沉作用在地表响应的岩浆产物。     

Role of late glacial to mid-Holocene climate in catchment weathering in the central Tibetan Plateau

The lightness (L*) and concentrations of Rb, Sr and organic carbon (C_org) have been measured in the age-constrained lake sediment cores recovered from Co Ngoin in the central Tibetan Plateau. Dissolved Sr flux is a dominant control on the variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the sediments. Variations in color and geochemical proxies of Co Ngoin sediments display a continuous history of late glacial to mid-Holocene chemical versus physical weathering intensity in response to past climatic changes between approximately 13,500 and 4500 cal yr B.P. A lower chemical weathering under a late glacial climate was followed by a higher weathering during the Holocene Optimum. Weathering intensity in the central Tibetan Plateau catchment also responds to well-known climatic events, such as the Younger Dryas (YD), and possibly the Holocene Event 5 (HE-5). Although there are differences in time or duration of the climatic events, many of the well-known late glacial to mid-Holocene events occurred in high-elevation Co Ngoin where atmospheric circulation might play a hemispherical role in climatic forcing. The sediment hiatus since c. 4200 ¹⁴C yr B.P. in the Co Ngoin indicates a period of desiccation that was probably associated with a sharp decrease in summer monsoon strength. Our lascustrine results not only imply catchment weathering variations in response to late glacial to mid-Holocene climatic conditions in the central plateau, but also provide further evidence for global connections between regional climates.     

Reconstruction of the late Quaternary environment of the lower Luni Plains,Thar Desert,India

Geomorphological processes in the Thar Desert of India are largely climate driven. In the lower reaches of the River Luni (the only major drainage system in the Thar Desert) a fluvio‐aeolian sequence was located at a site called Khudala. Sediments of this sequence represented a variety of depositional environments, namely aeolian, fluvially reworked aeolian, overbank deposits, gravels, and occasional evidence of pedogenesis. This provided a good opportunity to study aeolian–fluvial interaction in the region and for deducing climatic records. From the luminescence dating standpoint these sequences offered a good opportunity for a comparative study of thermoluminescence (TL), blue‐green light stimulated luminescence (BGSL) and infrared light stimulated luminescence (IRSL) on different mineral separates of identical provenance but deposited under different environments. Broadly, within experimental errors, the TL ages agreed with BGSL and IRSL ages on aeolian sands, but differed substantially in the case of fluvially reworked and proximally deposited sands and silts. The sequence provided a record spanning more than 100 ka, with an aeolian phase at > 100 ka, a channel activation phase between 70 and 30 ka and a phase of climate instability between 13 and 8 ka. This appears consistent with the records of monsoon performance during this period, which includes the Younger Dryas. It is also inferred that during the Last Glacial epoch, geomorphological processes in the Thar (both aeolian and fluvial) were dormant largely on account of their relationship with the southwest monsoon. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Initiation and Development of the Late Cenozoic Uplift of Daluo Mountains, Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Daluo Mountains lie at front of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and are the landform boundary zone between the active Tibetan Plateau and the stable North China Craton. Studying of the late Cenozoic uplift evolution of Daluo Mountains is important for understanding the expansion mechanism of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its influence on the western North China Craton. In this study, the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains is constructed from the development of the late Cenozoic alluvial fan around Daluo Mountains. The entire sedimentary sequence and framework of the fan was revealed by the newly obtained drilling core data. The cosmogenic nuclide, optically stimulated luminescence, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating results provide new evidences for discussion about the initial timing of the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains and the key stages of uplift during the Pleistocene. The late Cenozoic alluvial fan at front of Daluo Mountains overlies a set of fluvial-facies strata; therefore, development of the alluvial-fan marks the start of late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains. The timing of this event can be constrained to ~4.64 Ma. Two extensive gravel layers (dated to ca. 0.76–0.6 Ma and ~0.05 Ma) developed during the Pleistocene, indicating two episodes of considerable uplift. This study provides a new time scale for the uplift and expansion of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.     

青藏高原西北缘第四纪火山岩的年龄、地球化学特征及意义

对青藏高原西北缘普鲁北钾质火山岩进行40Ar-39Ar定年得到的最新年龄为0.81Ma±0.21Ma.火山岩的SiO2含量为53.08%～55.12%,全碱含量为7.36～8.04%,K2O/Na2O比值为1.17～1.2,属橄榄安粗岩系列.岩石以高度富集LREE、LILE(K、Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等)和高度亏损HR...     

青藏高原东北缘黄土的地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示意义

位于青藏高原东北缘的陇西黄土高原地处我国东亚季风、西南季风、西风环流及高原季风等多个大气环流的交汇部位,同时处在沙漠-黄土的边界带上,环境对气候变化的反应非常敏感。广泛分布于该区的风尘堆积是研究我国干旱、半干旱区古气候演化及高原隆升环境效应的理想材料。本文对陇西黄土高原的甘肃会宁黄土进行常、微量元素测试分析,并与陇东黄土高原黄土的地球化学特征进行了对比。结果表明,陇西和陇东黄土的地球化学组成相似,与上部陆壳（UCC）平均化学成分也基本一致,说明两者都是复杂的源岩风化物质经过高度混合堆积而成。陇西与陇东黄土的地球化特征在总体一致的基础上也存在着明显不同,反映了两者沉积后化学风化和物源的差异。与陇东黄土相比,陇西黄土具有较高的CaO、MgO、Na₂O和较低的Fe₂O₃含量,说明陇西黄土的化学风化强度相对较低;CIA值也显示,陇西黄土处于初等化学风化阶段,而陇东黄土则处于中等化学风化阶段;在化学性质相对稳定的元素中,陇西黄土与陇东黄土相比具有较高的SiO₂/Al₂O₃、SiO₂/TiO₂、TiO₂/Al₂O₃、U/Pb、Zr、Hf值和较低的Ta、Y、Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr、Ce/Yb、Eu/Yb、LREE/HREE值,反映了两者物源上的差异。受特殊地理位置的影响,我国北方戈壁荒漠、青藏高原的冰川及冰缘沉积以及邻近的第四纪松散沉积物都有可能成为陇西黄土的潜在物源。进一步研究显示,会宁黄土的地球化学特征在大约300ka B.P.前后发生了明显变化,结合以前磁组构、石英颗粒表面形态的分析结果,进一步证明青藏高原东北缘的风尘物源在该时期可能发生过比较大的变化,300ka B.P.以后高原的冰川及冰缘沉积对该区风尘物源的贡献明显增加,而青藏高原在此时期的快速隆升导致的高原季风加强可能是形成风尘物源变化的主要原因。

     

甘孜黄土与青藏高原冰冻圈演化

逐样系统交变退磁磁性测量表明，８６ｍ的甘孜黄土剖面形成于约８１．８４×１０＾４ａ ＢＰ前。剖面中黄土石英砂类型分析揭示出至少约８１．８４×１０＾４ａ ＢＰ以前，高原已进入冰冻圈，并且很快于约７６×１０＾４ ａＢＰ前冰川规模达到最大，并持续至约５３×１０＾４ｑａ ＢＰ前，倒数第二次冰川规模次之，然后冰川规模明显减少。     

Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Thermochronological data from the Songpan-Ganze˛Fold Belt and Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt, on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in central China, reveal several phases of differential cooling across major listric thrust faults since Early Cretaceous times. Differential cooling, indicated by distinct breaks in age data across discrete compressional structures, was superimposed upon a regional cooling pattern following the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data from muscovite from the central and southern Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt suggest a phase of differential cooling across the Wenchuan-Maouwen Shear Zone during the Early Cretaceous. The zircon fission track data also indicate differential cooling across a zone of brittle re-activation on the eastern margin of the Wenchuan-Maouwen Shear Zone during the mid-Tertiary, between 38 and 10 Ma. Apatite fission track data from the central and southern Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt reveal differential cooling across the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Erwangmiao faults during the Miocene. Forward modelling of apatite fission track data from the northern Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt suggests relatively slow regional cooling through the Mesozoic and early Tertiary, followed by accelerated cooling during the Miocene, beginning at ca. 20 Ma, to present day.

Regional cooling is attributed to erosion during exhumation of the evolving Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt (LMTNB) following the Indosinian Orogeny. Differential cooling across the Wenchuan-Maouwen Shear Zone and the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Erwangmiao faults is attributed to exhumation of the hanging walls of active listric thrust faults. Thermochronological data from the Longmen Mountains Thrust-Nappe Belt reveal a greater amount of differential exhumation across thrust faults from north to south. This observation is in accord with the prevalence of Proterozoic and Sinian basement in the hanging walls of thrust faults in the central and southern Longmen Mountains. The two most recent phases of reactivation occurred following the initial collision of India with Eurasia, suggesting that lateral extrusion of crustal material in response to this collision was focused along discrete structures in the LMTNB.     

青藏高原腹地典型盆-山构造形成时代

青藏高原腹地发育NE向、NW向与SN向不同方向的盆-山构造系统.应用热年代学与ESR测年方法,测定青藏高原腹地典型盆-山构造-地貌的形成时期.结果表明,羌塘地块南部NE向双湖-和平盆-山构造的形成时期为0~5 Ma,拉萨地块中部NE向羊八井-当雄盆-山构造裂陷开始时代为6.8~8 Ma,而拉萨地块中部NW向格仁错-申扎盆-山构造的形成时期为0~6.5 Ma.青藏高原腹地典型盆-山构造-地貌初始形成时代相近,约为5~8 Ma,对应于区域构造环境自近SN向挤压缩短向近EW向伸展裂陷的转变时代.     

青藏高原南部岩脉分布及其研究意义

青藏高原是面积大、海拔高、时代最新的经典碰撞造山带,其演化过程被记录在各类地质作用中,包括各类岩浆作用。岩脉是与其他类型岩浆作用具有相似矿物成分的小规模侵入体,德国人Harry Rosenbusch早在1877年对其开展了系统研究。区域上大规模产出的基性岩墙群经常发育在伸展构造环境,并被认为代表地质历史时期发生的大陆裂解作用,其深部则与地幔柱或者热点存在相关。在青藏高原的羌塘地体、拉萨地体和喜马拉雅造山带发育了不同类型的岩脉或岩墙群。在羌塘地体中部出露面积约为40000km²的早二叠世（约283Ma）基性岩墙群属于大火成岩省（LIP）岩浆作用,与二叠纪中特提斯洋的初始打开有关。在西藏南部的特提斯喜马拉雅带产出的时代约为132Ma的白垩纪措美-班伯里大火成岩省岩浆作用,覆盖面积超过50000km²,其最早的岩浆作用可能代表了特提斯喜马拉雅之下大陆裂解之前孕育克格伦地幔柱头部的相关岩石圈伸展作用,并继续裂解导致了印度与澳洲大陆的裂解分离。本文着重讨论了高原南部的白垩纪以来的岩脉,它们主要发育在拉萨地体南部,蕴含了岩浆作用与构造作用的双重信息。它们具有不同的产状、成分、年龄和成因,对于揭示冈底斯弧演化、印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞过程,以及碰撞导致的高原应力状态变化等都具有重要的意义。高原南部岩脉主要分为三期：（1）时代约为90Ma的岩脉,具有玄武质到中酸性的成分,主要侵位在日喀则白垩纪弧后盆地,例如在南木林县南部出现的基性-酸性双峰式岩浆作用,可能代表了冈底斯岩浆弧之上发育的伸展作用。（2）时代约为50Ma的同碰撞期岩脉,主要侵入到林子宗火山岩、冈底斯岩基或者白垩世设兴组/昂仁组沉积地层等单元中,它们发育时间为60~41Ma,其峰期作用时间与冈底斯岩浆大爆发的时间一致,可能受控于深部俯冲的特提斯洋洋壳的断裂作用。（3）碰撞后中新世岩脉,多具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学性质,与区域上钾质-超钾质火山岩和埃达克质侵入岩的时代一致,它们是高原南部加厚下地壳部分熔融作用的产物,可能受控于下地壳拆沉作用或者与南北向裂谷带密切相关的板片撕裂有关。这些岩脉的延伸方向既有南北向,也有东西向,在构造上可能代表了高原隆升到最大高度后深部拆沉作用导致的山体垮塌伴生的伸展构造有关。

     

Thrusting of the North Lhasa Block in the Tibetan Plateau

A huge thrust system, the North Lhasa Thrust (NLT), was discovered in the northern Lhasa block of the Tibetan Plateau based on geological mapping of the Damxung region and its vicinity, the Deqen-Lunpola traverse and the Amdo-Bam Co profile. The NLT consists of the Dongqiao-Lunpola thrust (DLT), the west Namco thrust (WNT) and the south Damxung thrust (SDT) and ductile shear zones, ophiolite slices and folds extending in a WNW direction. Major thrust faults of the NLT seem to merge into a single deep-seated detachment of the upper-crust and totally displaced southward as far as 100-120 km. Chronological analyses with 39Ar-40Ar of plagioclase and hornblende, Rb-Sr isochron of minerals and fission-tracks of apatite from mylonite within the WNT yield ages of 174-173 Ma, 109 Ma and 44 Ma, showing 3 periods of thrusting in the north Lhasa block caused by subduction of the Tethys oceanic plate and the India-Eurasia continental collision respectively.     

Research Status and Prospect of the Interaction Between Tibetan Plateau Shear Line and Tibetan Plateau Vortex

The Tibetan Plateau Shear Line (TPSL) is usually accompanied by the Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) and this phenomenon is one of the assembled weather systems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding areas. This assembled system plays a very important role in the high impact weather process in the TP and East China. We reviewed the research history and progress of TPVs and TPSLs, and mainly discussed the relationship and interaction mechanism of them. According to the latest research achievement of TPSLs and its relationship with TPVs, the development and application trends of related theory and methods, we proposed several notable new research directions in the field of this study. It is not clear for the relationship and the physical mechanism of the interaction between TPSLs and TPVs as well as some high impact weather initiated by them currently. Therefore, this research work is really quite important for theoretical development of weather dynamics of the TP, and is expected to provide a theoretical guide for severe weather analysis and forecast over the TP and its neighborhood.     

青藏高原东缘盐源盆地古近纪风成沙丘及其古地理意义*

盐源盆地始新世丽江组沉积时期发育了一套具大型高角度交错层理的红色砂岩,其确切成因对于厘定青藏高原东缘古近纪古地理格局、恢复东亚新生代干旱带与古气候演化过程具有重要意义。文中通过对盐源盆地始新统丽江组红色砂岩的沉积特征进行系统分析,证明该套砂岩的岩性、粒度分布、石英颗粒表面特征与沉积构造等明显不同于水成沉积,而与典型风成沙丘相应特征完全一致,表明其为风成沙丘沉积。结合古近纪研究区的古气候条件、大气环流样式与大地构造背景,笔者进一步推断盐源盆地始新世风成沙丘可能沉积于中国古近纪干旱带内的沙漠环境。根据目前相关研究资料,确认青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪风成沙丘富集带。     

青藏高原渐新世晚期隆升的地质证据

国内外学者普遍认为,地壳缩短增厚是青藏高原隆升的主要原因,青藏高原隆升对环境变迁和东亚季风具有重要影响,但对青藏高原隆升时代存在不同认识。通过统计分析青藏高原中段新生代不同时期的地层倾角,表明区域褶皱变形主要发生于古近纪,中新世湖相沉积地层产状平缓,挤压构造变形微弱,说明地壳缩短增厚主要发生于中新世前。湖相沉积地层的孢粉分析结果表明,青藏地区热带亚热带阔叶林植被自始新世中期开始逐步减少,至中新世早期濒临消亡;暗针叶林植被自渐新世早中期开始逐步增加,至中新世早中期达到繁盛程度甚至居主导地位。根据这些地质证据,结合全球气候变化、古气温及年代学资料,综合推断青藏高原渐新世晚期隆升高度达到海拔4000m左右。     

青藏高原古里雅冰帽冰碛和冰水沉积物粒度特征及其意义

冰冻圈演化不仅与青藏高原水塔变化、地表侵蚀风化及荒漠化密切相关,还深刻影响着亚洲季风系统和全球气候,冰碛物的粒度组成可以为冰冻圈演化提供重要信息,但高原冰碛物的特征粒度组成及其形成机理仍不清楚,高原冰碛物与高原冷黄土及河湖沉积物的关系也不明确。为此,选择青藏高原最大的冰帽——古里雅冰帽的冰碛物及系列冰水沉积物,开展系统粒度组成研究。研究发现:自终碛到冰川前端冰水扇及下游河流冰水沉积均表现出特征的双峰模态,即1～3φ(500～125μm)的中细砂峰和6～8φ(16～4μm)的细粉砂峰,前者可能由冰川压碎、寒冻风化崩裂作用造成,后者由冰川研磨作用形成,并受到源区基岩岩性软弱和组成颗粒大小的影响。冰川磨蚀的细粉砂组分含量,从冰碛物经冰水扇、河流到湖滩沉积物整体呈现减小趋势,粗粉砂在湖滩沉积中几乎完全被风吹走,粗粉砂直接成为下游黄土的物源并富集其中成为黄土特征组分,水流分选在开口湖泊中产生粗、细粉砂的明显富集,这些证据揭示出,无论是与冰川发育相关的尾闾湖沉积还是近源、远源的青藏高原及周边黄土沉积,其粉砂组成和来源,均可为高原冰冻圈的形成演化提供重要信息。     

ESR Dating of the Evolution of the Shuanghu Basin in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The Shuanghu basin is a NE-trending rift basin bounded by NE-striking normal faults and NW-striking shear-extensional faults of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Four samples from calcite veins in marginal faults and one sample from mudstone (S-3) were collected for dating the evolution of the Shuanghu basin by using the ESR spectrograph of EXM-type. Ages were calculated according to the close-equilibrium model on the basis of the measured ESR signal spectra of samples, providing good chronological information. It is known from the ESR dating that the extensional faulting and rifting of the Shuanghu area began at 4.92 Ma B.P., followed by regional folding in 3.56-1.36 Ma, NW-striking faulting in 0.60 Ma and normal faulting in 0.024 Ma in the Shuanghu basin.