Increased Microwave Radiation Brightness as a Sign of Flare-Producing Active Regions Based on Observations of NOAA Active Region 12371

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Methods to predict solar flares based on observations in the microwave range with radio telescopes with high angular resolution continue to be developed. The results are...     

Characteristics of Soft X-Ray Radiation of the Solar Active Region NOAA 1024 Registered by the PINGVIN-M Device in July 2009

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper presents the results of processing of data on the soft X-ray solar radiation obtained by the PINGVIN-M instrument aboard the KORONAS-FOTON spacecraft in July...     

Cyclotron Line in Solar Microwave Radiation by Radio Telescope RATAN-600 Observations of the Solar Active Region NOAA 12182

This paper presents the results of observation of a rare phenomenon—a narrowband increase in the brightness of cyclotron radiation of one of the structural details of a radio source located in the solar corona above the solar active region NOAA 12182 in October 2014 at a frequency of 4.2 ± 0.1 GHz. The brightness of radiation in the maximum of the phenomenon has reached 10 MK; its duration was equal to 3 s. The exact location of the source of the narrowband cyclotron radiation is indicated: it is a corona above a fragmented (4-nuclear) sunspot, on which a small UV flare loop was closed.

     

Anticorrelation of Variations of the Magnetic Field of a Sunspot and the Brightness of Its Umbra in Long-Period Sunspot Oscillations

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Changes in the umbra brightness and in the magnetic field over time should occur on long-period sunspot oscillations in accordance with Birman’s idea of inhibition...     

Features of Microwave Radiation and Magnetographic Characteristics of Solar Active Region NOAA 12242 Before the X1.8 Flare on December 20, 2014

This paper continues the cycle of authors’ works on the detection of precursors of large flares (M5 and higher classes) in active regions (ARs) of the Sun by their microwave radiation and magnetographic characteristics. Generalization of the detected precursors of strong flares can be used to develop methods for their prediction. This paper presents an analysis of the development of NOAA AR 12242, in which an X1.8 flare occurred on December 20, 2014. The analysis is based on regular multiazimuth and multiwavelength observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope in the range 1.65–10 cm with intensity and circular polarization analysis and data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). It was found that a new component appeared in the AR microwave radiation two days before the X-flare. It became dominant in the AR the day before the flare and significantly decreased after the flare. The use of multiazimuth observations from RATAN-600 and observations at 1.76 cm from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph made it possible to identify the radio source that appeared before the X-flare with the site of the closest convergence of opposite polarity fields near the neutral line in the AR. It was established that the X-flare occurred 20 h after the total gradient of the magnetic field of the entire region calculated from SDO/HMI data reached its maximum value. Analysis of the evolution of the microwave source that appeared before the X-flare in AR 12242 and comparison of its parameters with the parameters of other components of the AR microwave radiation showed that the new source can be classified as neutral line associated sources (NLSs), which were repeatedly detected by the RATAN-600 and other radio telescopes 1–3 days before the large flares.     

云南地区强震前的应变面积异常

详细计算和分析了云南省几个地区的五次ＭＬ≥６．５级强震前的应变面积。结果表明,在震前５～８年的时间内,归一化为４级地震的Ｓｔ值会出现明显异常变化。Ｓｔ值空间分布表现为二种特征：（１）未来震中区域从Ｓｔ值变小,周转地区增大,形成空区。（２）Ｓｔ值有由零星分布逐渐向震中区收缩、集中、增强的趋势。此外,从Ｓｔ值空间动态变化图像的演化规律得出结论,强震前５～８年中小地震活动是由时间稍长的平稳、随机分布到时     

2009年乌什-阿图什地震危险区异常跟踪

分析了乌什-阿图什地震危险区所处的柯坪块体地震时空活动特点:6级以上地震均沿块体边缘分布;6级地震时序分布不均匀,空间分布表现出轮回特征;6级地震前4级地震平静较为普遍,相关构造带以增强-平静为主要特征;响应地震的地点指示意义较为明确。文中还对危险区异常判定及2009年块体3次5级地震异常跟踪进行了总结。     

Some Features of the Variation of the Magnetic Field Characteristics in the Umbra of Sunspots During Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections

The observed variations of the magnetic properties of sunspots during eruptive events (solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs)) are discussed. Variations of the magnetic field characteristics in the umbra of the sunspots of active regions (ARs) recorded during eruptive events on August 2, 2011, March 9, 2012, April 11, 2013, January 7, 2014, and June 18, 2015, are studied. The behavior of the maximum of the total field strength B_max, the minimum inclination angle of the field lines to the radial direction from the center of the Sun α_min (i.e., the inclination angle of the axis of the magnetic tube from the sunspot umbra), and values of these parameters B_mean and α_mean mean within the umbra are analyzed. The main results of our investigation are discussed by the example of the event on August 2, 2011, but, in general, the observed features of the variation of magnetic field properties in AR sunspots are similar for all of the considered eruptive events. It is shown that, after the flare onset in six AR sunspots on August 2, 2011, the behavior of the specified magnetic field parameters changes in comparison with that observed before the flare onset.     

黄壁庄台地磁异常的调查与落实

黄壁庄地磁台总强度Ｆ和垂直强度Ｚ的观测值，从１９９１年４月开始出现了持续１４个月以上的异常变化。同红山台相比，最大下降幅度分别为１０和１２ｎＴ。在１９９２年度会商会上，这个异常被列为强震背景异常，引起了有关地震部门的关注。现经深入细致的调查和测试，证明这个异常变化是距台站１００多米处建筑群的施工所造成的，绝非地震前兆异常。     

“泛西南”地区加卸载响应比异常及大震活动预测与追踪

21世纪初, 在中国西南及周边地区(本文称为“泛西南”)开始出现大面积的加卸载响应比(以下简称LURR)异常, 根据LURR异常演化, 我们于2008年首次提出该地区正在孕育着“超大地震”。 追踪研究结果显示, 孕震积分I_t于2012年7月达到峰值。 根据LURR与量纲分析方法结合得到的预测地震时空强的新方法, 我们预测: 2015年7月前后(±25月), 在“泛西南”地区将发生8级左右“超大地震”。 我们在2014年参加的两次会议上交流了这一预测结果, 2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_S8.1强震发生在预测范围内。 尼泊尔M_S8.1地震后, “泛西南”地区的加卸载响应比大尺度异常不仅没有消退, 反而更加增强。 I_t于2015年7月达到新峰值, 超过了尼泊尔地震前的水平, 因此, “泛西南”地区可能仍面临非常严重的地震灾害。     

The Atypical Sunquake of May 10, 2012, and Specifics of Nonstationary Processes in the Active Region with a Magnetic Field of Composite Topology

The M flare that arises after magnetic field emersion in a small spot is analyzed. The disturbance, which propagated downwards and generated a source of acoustic waves (sunquake), was simultaneous with an outburst of hard X-radiation. The reasons of such sunquakes are discussed. Rearrangement of the magnetic configuration in the analyzed event is confirmed: field lines and strong currents at low altitudes above the polarity boundary line are transformed into the currents along the system of loops oriented at wide angles to the neutral line. This rearrangement occurred in the proximity of a small region (sigmoid) presumably identified by the location of the primary pulse energy release. In this case, there was no development of a high-energy sigmoid flare with the formation and ejection of large-scale magnetized ropes. Apparently, this was hindered by the nonstationarity of the phenomena at this activity center with a magnetic field of composite topology and multiple flare-generating centers.     

云南地区断层形变群体异常与成组强震

运用前兆综合信息量S、前兆群体非均匀度ID以及近源异常凸现值NS的数学分析这三种方法，对云南地区1982～2004年跨断层短基线短水准资料进行了分析处理．结果表明，在云南地区Ms≥6强震前断层彤变群体异常显著，尤其是成组强震前，群体异常信息较为丰富。     

Weibel Instability and Deformation of an External Magnetic Field in the Region of Decay of a Strong Discontinuity in a Plasma with Hot Electrons

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - In this paper, for a number of significantly different parameters of a localized plane layer of collisionless electron–proton plasma and an external magnetic field...     

云南断层形变强震异常特征

运用1983～2009年云南地区跨断层短水准短基线观测资料,研究了该时段3组7次M≥6.5地震(澜沧—耿马M7.6、M7.2,孟连M7.3、武定M6.5、丽江M7.0,姚安M6.5、缅北M7.0)的形变前兆特征。以断层运动速率与基准值之比定义异常参数R,定量分析了异常与本区域强震的关系,提出强震预测指标。结果表明,R值出现异常后0.5～16个月,川滇菱块内发生M≥6.5或菱块外围400km范围内发生M≥7.0,并表现出不同的异常特征。菱块外强震前比菱块内强震前R值异常出现时间早,异常持续时间较长;菱块外强震前R为正值异常,菱块内强震前R为负值异常。研究结果对预测云南地区M≥6.5强震有一定的应用价值。     

新疆中强地震前ECRS方法的异常研究

基于多种地震学参数的地震对应相关谱(ECRS)方法在新疆地区的地震预测中已得到一定程度的应用.为了进一步检验该方法的效能,本文根据其定义和识别方法研制了ECRS1.0分析软件,并应用于实际震例中.结果显示,利用该分析软件可以充分提取多种地震学参数的综合前兆异常信息;新疆大部分中强震前半年至一年半震源区及附近区域开始出现高值异常集中区域,并随着地震的临近逐渐向震中集中扩展,在震后半年至两年逐渐消散或弱化.     

Ionospheric Scintillation and Dynamics of Fresnel-Scale Irregularities in the Inner Region of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly

This paper reports differences in the occurrence statistics of global positioning system (GPS) L-band scintillations at observational sites located in the inner regions of the northern and southern crests of the equatorial ionization anomaly. Ground-based GPS data acquired at the closed magnetically aligned stations of Manaus (3.1°S; 59.9°W; dip lat. 6.2°N) and Cuiabá (15.5°S; 56.1°W; dip. lat. 6.2°S), Brazil, from December 2001 to February 2007 are used in the analysis. The drift dynamics of Fresnel-scale ionospheric irregularities at the southern station of Cuiabá are also investigated. Only geomagnetically quiet days with the sum of daily Kp < 24 were used in the analysis statistics and in the irregularity drift studies. The results reveal a clear dependence of the scintillation occurrence with the solar activity, but there exists an asymmetry in the percentage of scintillation occurrence between the two stations throughout the period analyzed. The nocturnal occurrence of the scintillations over Cuiabá is predominantly larger than over Manaus, but this scenario seems to change with the decline in the solar activity (mainly during local post-midnight hours). A broad minimum and maximum in the scintillation occurrence appears to occur over both the stations, respectively, during the June solstice (winter) and December solstice (summer) months. The dynamics of the Fresnel-scale irregularities, as investigated from the estimations of the mean zonal drift velocities, reveals that the amplitude of the eastward drifts tends to reduce with the decline in the solar activity. The magnitude of the zonal drift velocities during the December solstice months is larger than during the equinoxes, with the differences being more pronounced at solar maximum years. Other relevant aspects of the observations, with complementary data from a low-latitude ionospheric model, are highlighted and discussed.     

Interplanetary medium condition effects in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly: A case study

One way to investigate the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling is through the simultaneous observation of different parameters measured at different locations of the geospace environment and try to determine some relationships among them. The main objective of this work is to examine how the solar energetic particles and the interplanetary medium conditions may affect the space and time configuration of the ring current at low-latitudes and also to get a better understanding on how these particles interfere with the lower ionosphere in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region (SAMA). To accomplish this, the cosmic noise absorption (CNA) and the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field data measured from sites located in the SAMA region were compared with the proton and electron fluxes, interplanetary medium conditions (solar wind and the north–south component of the interplanetary magnetic field measured on board satellites), the SYM-H index and magnetometer data from Kakioka (KAK-Japan), located significantly outside the SAMA region. The time series analyzed correspond to the geomagnetic disturbance that occurred on August 25–30, 1998. The analysis was performed by implementing wavelet techniques, with particular attention to singularities detection, which highlights the presence of transient signals. The results are discussed in terms of the first three wavelet decomposition levels of the parameters. The magnitude of wavelet coefficients of the solar wind and proton flux at the two energy ranges analyzed is timely well correlated, indicating that these two signals are energetically linked. The larger wavelet coefficient amplitude of KAK and VSS magnetograms shows time delays that are compatible with an asymmetric configuration of the ring current, considering that at the storm time, VSS was at the dawn sector of the magnetosphere and KAK at the dusk side. The wavelet analysis of CNA signals reveals that the signal may be sensitive to the ionization produced by energetic electrons and protons as well. The time delays observed in wavelet coefficients may give an indication of the different accelerating process to which the particles are submitted when traveling along the magnetic field lines, from higher to lower latitudes, and the likely contribution of these particles to the ionization measured as an absorption of the cosmic noise in the lower ionosphere.     

Microseismic Sounding and Active Faults of the Kerch-Taman Region

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—The results of integrated geological and geophysical studies of active faults and deep structure of the Kerch-Taman region are presented. Data...     

福建地区岩石圈磁异场的特征分析

利用2014—2015年福建地区4期流动地磁观测资料,得到该地区岩石圈磁场特征信息。经过5km、10km、20km、30km等不同高度的向上延拓处理,对福建地区岩石圈磁场特征信息进行浅部与深部异常场分离,提取深部异常。结果发现在福建长乐—诏安断裂带出现比较明显的磁异常,即在该断裂带南部和中北部发现磁场正负高值的交替变化,这些磁异常与地质构造的分布、地震活动性有一定的关系。     

前兆异常动态扫描与区域构造活动背景结合的研究--试建立华北地区构造活动性与地震危险性综合评估数字化图

为实现前兆异常空间扫描与构造活动背景的有机结合，本文提出：以近效十年2级以上地震的累计频次分布为依据，量化评估华北各构造区现今活动状态与基本活动水平，以近千年来的5级以上地震的年均发生率分布为依据量化评估断裂构造(带、段)的地震活动危险性，并将上述两项量化评估的数值分布图进行叠加，建立起标示华北地区现今构造活动与地震危险性的数字化图，以此作为前兆异常空间扫描的输入，从而增强前兆空间扫描图像中的构造活动信息及其异常演化特征，提高强震危险预测的能力。