水平磁场台际转换函数C_u的大小——有限差分法模型计算研究

计算的几种模型表明，用改进的三维有限差分法程序计算的异常体中心点上的水平磁场实部可达 1.53，这就意味着水平场转换函数 Cu也可达 1.53，与单台垂直磁场的转换函数有相同量级的大小。     

地磁水平场转换函数的短期前兆

利用昌黎、白家疃1972～1997年的磁变仪资料，计算了水平场台际转换函数和单台垂直场转换函数．通过对转换函数变化全过程的分析，注意到仅仅水平场转换函数在唐山地震之前有明显的短期前兆．这给地震预报提供了一个新的可能捕捉到短期前兆的手段．      

转换函数和磁场振幅比的水平源场效应的数值计算研究

本文用三维有限差分法研究转换函数和磁场振幅比的某些源场效应,这些物理量常用于地震预报的研究工作。我们研究了几种水平均匀源场的情况,其中包括圆偏振的源场和极化方向不同的几种线性枞化源场。结果表明,即使在最简单的均匀水平源场的情况下,磁场振幅比肯定受源场变化的影响。然而,单台转换函数就不受均匀水平源场性质变化的影响。因此,转换函数随时间的变化适用于监测地震前兆,尤其适用于中低纬度地区,因该地区的源场垂直分量比较小。      

三维地质体磁场梯度计算理论与方法

系统地推导建立了均匀磁化三维多面体磁场梯度理论公式及计算方法,解决了任意三度体磁场梯度正演问题,得出了在坐标系旋转情况下,磁场梯度的转换与磁场的转换具有本质的区别,并且在二维坐标系下,具有统一的任意阶梯度转换公式,在三维坐标系下,没有统一表达式的重要结论.模型计算表明.所建立的磁场梯度计算理论及方法是正确的.     

磁场偶极化过程中磁尾离子加速:Ⅱ上行离子速度和能量的变化

根据采用动力学方程对亚暴期间磁尾磁场向偶极形弛豫过程中离子分布函数的模拟结果 ,研究了磁尾来自电离层的O+,H+和He+离子的速度及能量随时间的变化 .主要结果为 :（1 ）离子的加速及能量变化主要发生在磁场偶极化过程的中期 ,对应的地心距离位于- 1 2RE到 - 8RE 之间 ;（2 ）垂直于磁场方向上离子加速及能量变化较快 ,平行方向上较慢 ;（3）轻离子较重离子加速及能量变化快 ,磁场偶极化终结 ,3种离子的能量均可增加 2 0 0倍左右 ;（4）初始能量较高时 ,离子加速及能量变化较快 ,离子最终获得的能量较大 .理论计算的磁尾离子能量在磁场偶极化过程终了可达 1 0 2 keV的量级 ,这与观测结果一致 .     

陕西地磁短周期变化分布特征

为研究陕西地区地磁短周期变化特征,1996年9月从陕西南部石泉至甘肃宁县布设临时测线一条,在测线上进行地磁短周期变化三分量同步观测．在3 min至2 h周期范围内,统计计算了各测点各周期成分的地磁垂直转换函数、水平转换函数及谱成分关系．在数据处理中参考应用了随机数据理论,取得了较好效果．分析指出,该区地磁短周期变化受武功、乾陵之间地下近东西向异常感应电流集中的区域性影响及测点附近局部感应电流影响．其主要分布特征为,垂直分量变化在武功和乾陵之间存在一反向轴,频率响应显示出转换函数在周期约20 min时有最大值．      

水平场转换函数空间分布特征的数值模拟

应用三维有限差分法，对长方形导体的水平场转换函数分布特征进行数值模拟计算，给出了实部和虚部的分布规律，并研究了源场周期、导体导电率、导体埋深、导体长度对转换函数取值的影响．转换函数的极值分布在导体中央、4个犄角和边界附近，且随边界而移动．表明边界附近是转换函数的最佳观测位置．      

河北不同地区地磁转换函数变化特征

利用河北省5个地磁台站2004—2013年数字化地磁资料进行转换函数计算,对河北不同地区的计算结果进行分析及对比。结果表明,不同地区地磁转换函数具有不同变化趋势,且同一地区不同深度的转换函数变化也不同;地磁转换函数变化和地震具有明显联系,主要表现为地震发生时转换函数不同周期段会发生较为明显的变化。     

乌鲁木齐台地磁短周期变化与邻区地震

利用转换函数方法计算自理了乌鲁木齐台１９９０年１月～１９９７年１２月地磁短周期Ｔ为９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ、Ｂ之模Ａ、Ｂ、总方差σz以及帕金森矢量,并对其 在乌鲁木齐地区２５０ｋｍ范围内１５次４．０～５．７级地震发生前后的变化进行了研究。结果表明：不同周期的转换函数Ａ、Ｂ以及总方差σz值在震前均有明显异常。     

任意曲线上二维重磁位场转换的B样条函数法

重磁位场转换在重磁资料解释中是十分重要和必要的。随着物探仪器的改进和资料解释精度要求的提高,人们对位场转换方法的研究越来越深入。本文提出一种原理简单、计算精度高的新方法--B样条函数法,应用其插值、求导、求积的性质,以解决曲线上二维重磁位场转换的两类问题。一是Z_α分量向H_α分量的转换及向上延拓,二是水平和垂向导数的换算及磁位的计算。 样条函数为分段多项式函数。B样条函数是用σ函数逼近的一类样条函数,其节点     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

---

---

Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

---

Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.