基于GIS的数字油田基础平台

目前的地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)基础平台不能够很好地适应数字油田工作的开展,迫切需要结合油田的实际业务开发面向油田应用的专业基础平台.开展了多元油田数据的统一存储、多级海量油田数据分布式管理、专业应用模型与GIS基础平台集成、协同研究工作平台等关键技术研究;在此基础上提出基于搭建思想构建数字油田基础平台的技术思路,为有效突破GIS在石油行业的应用瓶颈提供了解决方案.结果表明,该平台的研究与开发对于扩大GIS应用领域也将有着现实意义.      

多维GIS矿产评价数据管理系统设计和实现

矿产资源评价需通过各种物探、化探、航空磁法、遥感、地质和实地调查资料综合分析以确定钻井孔位.针对多源、多时相、多尺度矿产资源勘探资料一体化管理和可视化分析,提出了一种基于分布式多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理方法.首先,分析了矿产资源预测评价数据资料特征,提出基于多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理模型;其次,提出了多源矿产资源评价数据处理策略,设计了一种全球瓦片金字塔模型的栅格和地形数据处理方法;再次,设计了分布式多维GIS矿产资源评价数据管理系统体系结构和功能模块,提出了双缓存性能优化方案;最后,开发实现了一个典型的矿产资源评价数据管理系统,实现了多达40种二维、三维数据、文档、多媒体等矿产资源评价数据一体化管理和可视化分析,可用于分布式矿产资源勘探评价的全球协同办公.     

Interoperable processing of digital elevation models in grid infrastructures

Based on the service specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) support the visualization, access to vector and raster data or managing and search for spatial data. A standard for distributed spatial data processing was missing for a long time. This issue was addressed by the development of the OpenGIS Web Processing Service (WPS) specification. However, to process and analyze massive Digital Elevation Models (DEM) computing power and disk memory are scarce commodities. Here we show that Grid Computing in combination with OGC Web Services (OWS) is well suited to accomplish high processing performance and storage capacity for large-scale processing tasks of the geo community. To process these massive amounts of geo-data we develop terrain processing services which are made available as grid services. Our results will be demonstrating how to bridge the gap between the grid world and the OGC world for more sophisticated terrain processing.     

GIS-based distributed technique for assessing economic loss from flood damage: pre-feasibility study for the Anyang Stream Basin in Korea

Large national budgets are required for flood damage reduction projects, making it critical to ensure that public money used therein be spent efficiently. Accordingly, reliable assessment of flood damage is a critical issue in analysis of the economic aspects of flood damage reduction projects. To this end, this study aims to provide a GIS (geographical information system)-based technique for distributed flood damage assessment. We consider two aspects of flood damage assessment from an engineering and economic perspective, i.e. flood inundation analysis and multi-dimensional flood damage analysis (MD-FDA). To perform this assessment, we used a GIS-based framework and data processing method to assess damages. The proposed methodology was applied to flood control channel projects for flood disaster prevention in the Anyang Stream Basin in Korea and presents detailed GIS data processing and assessment results. Findings from this study may contribute to the improvement of usability of MD-FDA and may provide research directions for integrating economic and engineering factors. This distributed technique will also assist in the decision-making process when evaluating the economic feasibility of flood damage reduction projects for structural and non-structural measures.     

关于加强我国实物地质资料统筹保管工作的思考

实物地质资料是地质勘探工作形成的宝贵资源,确保重要实物地质资料安全妥善保管是实现其潜在价值有效保存和高效利用的重要保障,而如何改进日益增长的重要岩芯保管需求和有限的库房建设之间的矛盾,是当前我国实物地质资料保管工作面临的重要问题。本文系统总结了近年来我国实物地质资料保管工作在制度建设、库房建设等方面取得的重要成果,分析了当前面临的主要问题,研究并提出了我国实物地质资料统筹保管工作的总体布局、机制建立等方面的建议,为提升我国实物地质资料统筹保管能力提供参考     

Real-time storm detection and weather forecast activation through data mining and events processing

Each year across the USA, destructive weather events disrupt transportation and commerce, resulting in both loss of lives and property. Mitigating the impacts of such severe events requires innovative new software tools and cyberinfrastructure through which scientists can monitor data for specific severe weather events such as thunderstorms and launch focused modeling computations for prediction and forecasts of these evolving weather events. Bringing about a paradigm shift in meteorology research and education through advances in cyberinfrastructure is one of the key research objectives of the Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD) project, a large-scale, interdisciplinary NSF funded project spanning ten institutions. In this paper we address the challenges of making cyberinfrastructure frameworks responsive to real-time conditions in the physical environment driven by the use cases in mesoscale meteorology. The contribution of the research is two-fold: on the cyberinfrastructure side, we propose a model for bridging between the physical environment and e-Science¹ workflow systems, specifically through events processing systems, and provide a proof of concept implementation of that model in the context of the LEAD cyberinfrastructure. On the algorithmic side, we propose efficient stream mining algorithms that can be carried out on a continuous basis in real time over large volumes of observational data. ¹ e-Science is used to describe computationally intensive science that is typically carried out in highly distributed network     

Review on the Impacts of Public Rail Transport on Urban Land Use Change:A Citespace-based Quantitative Analysis*

The public rail transport system in cities can promote physical urban transition, resulting in land use and land cover change, changing the public daily behaviors and consequently bringing huge economic benefits to its imminent areas. In this study, based on statistical analysis and visualization tools, by using Citespace and Google Earth, we explored approximately 455 papers from Web of Science and 321 papers from CNKI to obtain current research trends in the assessment of the impacts of public rail transport on land use change. The literature classification, organization and comments on such current studies and hot research topics are valuable for future research. Three conclusions were then drawn: First of all, similar topics have been done by both domestic and oversea scholars, but from slightly different perspective and at different scales. Secondly, public rail transport often causes the increase of housing price for both residential and commercial blocks; the influence on population density is more significant in the outskirts than that in downtown areas, but the influence often emerges with an unfixed time lag. Thirdly, RS, GIS and GPS (3S) technologies are promising tools for the research of the impacts of public rail transport on land use change in the era of "big data". Based on the conclusions, four suggestions were proposed: Firstly, future research in this field will be more comprehensive and humanistic studies. Secondly, overseas development models could not be fully applied in China, and thus corresponding improvement with China's situation are required. Thirdly, theoretically speaking, bicycle sharing can expand the service range of public rail transport. Fourthly, reasonable allocation of buffers is important for obtaining fine statistical area of land change affected by public rail transport.     

LUNARINFO: A Data Archiving and Retrieving System for the Circumlunar Explorer Based on XML/Web Services

It is essential to build a modern information management system to store and manage data of our circumlunar explorer in order to realize the scientific objectives. It is difficult for an information system based on traditional distributed technology to communicate information and work together among heterogeneous systems in order to meet the new requirement of Internet development. XML and Web Services, because of their open standards and self-containing properties, have changed the mode of information organization and data management. Now they can provide a good solution for building an open, extendable, and compatible information management system, and facilitate interchanging and transferring of data among heterogeneous systems. On the basis of the three-tiered browse/server architectures and the Oracle 9i Database as an information storage platform, we have designed and implemented a data archiving and retrieval system for the circumlunar explorer-LUNARINFO. We have also     

A review of geoanalytical databases

Geoanalytical data provide fundamental information according to which the Earth’s resources can be known and exploited to support human life and development. Large amounts of manpower and material and financial resources have been invested to acquire a wealth of geoanalytical data over the past 40 years. However, these data are usually managed by individual researchers and are preserved in an ad hoc manner without metadata that provide the necessary context for interpretation and data integration requirements. In this scenario, fewer data, except for published data, can be reutilized by geological researchers. Many geoanalytical databases have been constructed to collect existing data and to facilitate their use. These databases are useful tools for preserving, managing, and sharing data for geological research, and provide various data repositories to support geological studies. Since these databases are dispersed and diverse, it is difficult for researchers to make full use of them. This contribution provides an introduction on available geoanalytical databases. The database content can be made accessible to researchers, the ways in which this can be done, and the functionalities that can be used are illustrated in detail. Moreover, constraints that have limited the reutilization of geoanalytical data and creation of more advanced geoanalytical databases are discussed.

     

基于MAPGIS的1:5万地质图管理系统设计与实现

针对目前获取的海量区域地质图数据管理难的问题,提出了建立1∶5万区域地质图数字化建库内容的管理方法。在研究MAPGIS技术和相关计算机技术的基础上,设计了一种GIS应用系统的解决方案。该系统具有数据入库管理、属性代码转换、数据分布式存储管理、空间查询、地理要素检索、地理内容检索等功能。实验结果表明,地质图管理系统为区域地质图数据规范化管理提供了基础平台,对保证区域地质数据库建设成果数据积累和社会服务应用具有重要意义。     

分布式水文模型的进展及展望

分布式水文模型是当前水文建模领域最为活跃的研究方向,是解决流域水文、生态和环境问题的有效的途径.讨论了分布式水文模型的结构、与地理信息系统和遥感技术的关系、参数标定、应用领域等问题,指出分布式水文模型发展面临的问题并展望了未来的发展方向.     

重量版青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台设计与开发

在青藏铁路建设和科研活动过程中对空间数据的管理、分析和使用,以及设计方案仿真评估、决策支持等方面有较高的要求,青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台轻量版系统无法满足需求.重量版系统着重于提供对分布式应用和充分的空间分析、仿真,以及空间决策支持功能的支持,系统建设以GIS技术为核心,结合遥感、全球定位系统(GPS)、虚拟现实和空间数据库等技术,在Microsoft.Net平台上开发而成.该系统不但能够对青藏铁路工程实验数据、观测数据以及各种专题数据和DEM数据等进行管理和维护,而且能够进行多时相、多维空间分析和表达,形成以基础地理数据为依托的数字路基仿真平台.     

Development of the systematic object event data model for integrated point source pollution management

Previous works on database integration focused mainly on the creation of transformation interfaces between incompatible databases built up by different departments of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, ignoring the demands of systematically and flexibly integrated information for advanced pollution control of point sources. To provide a systematic framework for flexible integration of distributed data, this paper presents a general model as the systematic object event data model based on systems thinking, to improve the integration capability of databases. The conceptual database framework for integrated pollution control was proposed as a result of the application of the systematic object event data model. The fundamental part of the systematic object event data model, creation of the object registry database, was put into practice from the year 2008. The object database of pollution source is available to factories in 2009, which helps factories to create and Taiwan environmental protection administration to maintain the consistent object data through the electronic application processes of permits. To construct various event databases that systematically connect to object database would be the following step to more efficiently provide systematic information from systematic data integration.     

The development of integrated water resource information management system in arid regions

Water and land-use tension are growing with the growing population of the world especially in arid region. To develop an efficient, sustainable, and integrated water and land-use resource management policy, accurate and complex information about available resources and demand centers is required. Geographical information system (GIS) provides a means of representing the real world through integrated layers of constituent spatial information using overlaying and indexing operations. In Abu Dhabi, Water Resources Information System (AWRIS) was developed. AWRIS is a centralized, GIS-based, Web-enabled integrated information management system that allows storage and management of all water resource information. The system integrates a comprehensive set of tools and applications that facilitate the efficient management of the water resources of the Emirate. All historical water resource information from more than ten existing databases and 10,000 Excel workbooks have now been compiled, quality controlled, and migrated into the central database. AWRIS is built as an Integrated Information Management System and hence designed to improve productivity by linking all relevant applications for data handling to a centralized data repository and management system. This paper outlines the main features of AWRIS which are three-folds. First, it provides full support for the Arabic language. Second, it is the first of its kind in bringing unrestricted data types into a centralized information management system, and third, it provides a wide range of tools to effectively manage information on water resources.     

铀矿大数据综合管理信息平台设计与实现

为了对砂岩型铀矿钻孔数据及地质资料进行汇集整理,建设铀矿地质钻孔及勘查信息数据库,实现对钻孔资料的统一管理,提高钻孔地质资料集成应用的工作效率,面向实际应用需求,设计并实现了铀矿综合管理信息平台。提出了铀矿大数据平台基础设施、信息资源、应用服务、用户交互的4层架构,采用云计算虚拟化、分布式储存、并行计算等技术建立了铀矿大数据基础环境,提升了铀矿钻孔大数据集的统一存储管理和计算能力;实现了多源异构钻孔数据智能化抽取、高效率转换及快速装载的目标,提高了数据管理及集成应用的工作效率;基于并行计算技术,实现了钻孔数据进行快速三维可视化表达及多条件快速查询功能,为铀矿勘查、成果集成提供了数据基础和信息技术支撑。      

面向三极科学的三维可视化系统应用研究

南极、北极和青藏高原作为地球的"三极"是全球变化的敏感区和研究热点.随着天空地一体化对地观测技术的快速发展,三极时空信息呈现出海量、高时效、多维度的大数据特征.但由于缺乏有效的可视化手段,这些数据很难被非科研人员理解和认知.如何面向不同人群,快速直观地展示三极最新科学发现所产生的时空数据,已成为数据可视化研究迫切需要解...     

A scalable cyberinfrastructure solution to support big data management and multivariate visualization of time-series sensor observation data

This paper reports our research in developing a cyberinfrastructure platform to support multivariate visualization of data collected from distributed sensor network. Three new techniques were introduced in this platform: (1) a hybrid data caching strategy that takes advantages of a scalable and distributed time series database, OpenTSDB, to realize efficient data retrieval; (2) a hyper-dimensional data cube is established to map and translate multivariate and heterogeneous sensor data into a common data structure to support location-aware visual analysis; and (3) a data-driven visualization module is implemented to support interactive and dynamic visualization on a simulated virtual globe. A series of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the good runtime performance of the proposed system. We expect this work to make a major contribution to both the visualization building block development in cyberinfrastructure research and the advancement of visual presentation and analysis of sensor data in domain sciences.     

RS、GIS一体化研究——以湖北省土壤侵蚀遥感调查为例

遥感信息的提取是信息采集的重要部分 ,地理信息系统 (GIS)是遥感信息与其它信息集成的基础平台。通过遥感(RS)、GIS一体化在土壤侵蚀调查中的研究表明 ,RS、GIS一体化技术具有投资省、周期短、精度高等优点 ,是今后国土资源调查研究所采用方法的发展趋势